2023年自考类英语自考语言与文化题库

2023年自考类英语自考语言与文化题库卷I一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Thegreatestartistofthefirsthalfofthiscenturyhaslonglastgonethewayofallflesh.2.Chinesetextualconnectivesareused______English.A.morefrequentlythanB.lessfrequentlythanC.asoftenasD.inthesamewayas3.WhatisthemajorcontrastbetweenEnglishandChineselettersofrequest?4.Whatisemphasizedbycollectivism?5.Inrelationtovocativeandculture,whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNotcoverthetruthinlife?A.BothinEnglishandChinese"mother","father","grandmother"and"grandfather"arenormallyusedaloneasformsofaddress.B.InEnglish"uncle"and"aunt"areseldomusedtogetherwiththeaddressee'sgivenname.C.BothinEnglishandChinese,therearealargequantityofvocativesavailabletoaddresstostrangers.D.SomevocativesusedtoaddresstostrangersaremoreextensivelyusedintheUnitedKingdomthanintheUnitedStates.6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Nonverbalcommunicationiscommunicationwithoutwords.B.Nonverbalcommunicationcanbeviewedasoccurringwheneveranindividualcommunicateswithouttheuseofsounds.C.Nonverbalcommunicationdoesnotconveymeaning.D.Nonverbalcommunicationisthestudyoffacialexpressions,touch,time,gestures,smell,eyebehaviourandsoon.7.Theterms"冰","柳","云","岳"etc.usedinChinesenamesindicatethatChinesepersonalnamesarestronglyinfluencedbyChinese______culture.A.religiousB.historicalC.architecturalD.environmentalistic8.Englishspeakersnormallygiveonlysmallgiftsto______onhisorherbirthday.A.agoodfriendB.anewacquaintanceC.acasualfriendD.apublicservant9.Whichofthefollowingidiomsarerelatedtomannerisms?A.Tosplitone'ssideswithlaughter.B.Tomakeacatlaugh.C.NotforalltheteainChina.D.Toloveatfirstsight.10.WhatisthedifferencebetweenAmericansandAustraliansinthemeaningofpunctuality?11.InbusinessEnglish,"inthe______"isequivalenttorunningabusinessprofitably.12."Payone'sdebttonature"istheeuphemismfor______.13.Whatistheconnotativemeaningoftheexpression"awhiteelephant"?14.Whatarethefivecategoriesoftouchingbehaviours?15.Cultureinitsbroadsenseisalsocalled______.A.smallccultureB.anthropologicalcultureC.largeCcultureD.academicculture16.WhatistheEnglishequivalentfor"黑信"?17.今天的人民日报在哪儿?18.Whatistrueaboutaproverb?______A.Aproverbisabrieffamiliarmaximoffolkwisdom.B.Aproverbisusuallycompressedinmeaning.C.Aproverbcontainsscientificaccuracyratherthanfolkwisdom.D.Aproverbofteninvolvesaboldimageorajinglethatcatchesthememory.19.Ifyouwanttovisitaforeigneryouneedtomakean______beforeyougo.20.WhytherearedifferencesinspellingbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish?21.WhatistheBritishequivalentfortheAmericanword"raincoat"?22.InEnglishalltheprefixesare______morphemes.A.inflectionalB.grammaticalC.derivationalD.implicit23.______areusedmorefrequentlyinEnglishthaninChinese.A.ExpressionsofgratitudeB.VocativesC.TitlesD.Wordsofmodesty24.Whatcross-culturalcontrastcanyoufindbetweenEnglishandChinesetelephonecalls?25.Manyfamousproductsinthewestarenamedaftertheirdesignersandmanufacturers,whichcanbeseeninthefollowingbrandnamesEXCEPT______.A.ChanelB.FordC.PierreCartanD.Rolex26.Thereasoningfromthegeneraltotheparticularorreasoninginwhichtheconclusionaboutparticularsfollowsnecessarilyfromthegeneraloruniversalpromisesis______.27.Whatdoestheeuphemisticexpression"togowest"meanandhowisitderived?28.Englishspeakersaredirectpeoplewhotendto______.A.locateperipheralmeaningbeforecentralmeaningB.locatecentralmeaningbeforeperipheralmeaningC.locatethemodifiedafterthemodifierD.thinkholistically29."APandora'sbox"referstoapresentorsomething______.A.whichbringshappinessbutlooksuglyB.whichloosesaswarmofevilsuponmankindC.whichcancreateanythingitsownerwantsD.whichseemsvaluablebutbringsmisfortune30.Withouttheemergenceof______manwouldremainwhathewasoneortwomillionyearsago.A.cultureB.speechC.languageD.thinking31.TheU.K.ismorepast-orientedthan______.A.ChinaB.AustraliaC.NewZealandD.theU.S.A.32.Initsnarrowsense"culture"canbedefinedas______ofapopulation.A.conceptsB.lifewayC.behavioralpatternsD.socialinstitutions33.Pleasant,politeorharmlesssoundingwordsorexpressionsthatareusedtomaskharsh,rudeorinfamoustruthsare______.A.honourificsB.termsofhumilityC.euphemismsD.taboos34.Inthefollowingtermsofaddress,whichareconsideredasappropriateformsinEnglishculture?A.TeacherJones.B.ProfessorSmith.C.PresidentWang.D.UncleTom.35.Theseveralmodelsfortheanalysisofculturecontain______.A.KeyQuestionsB.theThematicmodelC.SevenFacetsD.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis36.Thesentencesinatextmaybelinkedby______means.A.grammaticalB.logicalC.lexicalD.meaningful37.Hedidn'twork.Instead,hewenttoseeamovie.

Thelogicalrelationshipbetweentheabovesentencesis______.A.additiveB.adversativeC.causalD.temporal38.Theallusion"aDamoclessword"isderivedfrom______.A.literatureB.religionC.mythologyD.history39.真不知道怎么感谢你才好。40.Sheisabsenttodaybecausesheisill.41.Whatdoes"awhitehope"referto?42.Manyscientificdiscoveriesorinventionsarenamedaftertheirdiscoverersorinventors.Whichofthefollowingtermsisatechnicaltermthatisderivedfrompersonalname?A.Mercury.B.Watt.C.Jupiter.D.Atom.43.______territoryreferstothespacethatexclusivelybelongstoitsowner.44.NowadaysagardenershouldNOTbereferredtoasa______.A.sanitationengineerB.beauticianC.landscapearchitectD.mortician45.Whatislogicalthinking?46.ThecommonlyusedEnglishapologiesare"______."A.ThankyousomuchB.ExcusemeC.IbegyoupardonD.I'msorry47.Thepassive______isusuallyrepresentedinEnglishbythetypicalpassivestructure.48.Whywas"Poison"thatseemedashocktopeopleusedasaperfumebrandname?49.谋事在人，成事在天。50.ThephraseinBritishEnglishfor"单程票"is______.卷I参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：本世纪上半叶最伟大的艺术家永远地走了。2.参考答案：B[考点]本题主要考查英语和汉语中语篇连接词的使用频率。

[解析]英语是形合语言，而汉语是意合语言。汉语的语篇连接词数量较少，使用频率较低，英语反之。3.参考答案：InmostEnglishlettersofrequest,therequestprecedesthesupportinginformation;whileinatypicalChineseletterofrequest,therequestfollowsthesupportingfacts.4.参考答案：Theobligationsandresponsibilitiesthatindividualshaveforthesociety(areemphasizedbycollectivism).5.参考答案：BC[考点]本题主要考查中、英文里的称呼用语。

在英语中，mother，father，grandmother，grandfather可以独立用作称呼语。在汉语中情形也是如此。在英语中，uncle，aunt常与被称呼者的名字连用。在称呼陌生人时，中国人使用的称呼语很多。但在英语中，用于称呼陌生人的称呼语是很少的，这些称呼语在英国和美国有很大的差异。例如，在美国，人们更多的用miss，ma'ma，mister，sir作为称呼语，但在英国mister被认为是不规范的，而对于一些人来说miss也是不能接受的。6.参考答案：C[解析]非语言交际的定义有很多种：不用词语的交际；不用语音的交际；一个人所做的事，其他人可以解释其意义的交际；对面部表情、触摸、时间、手势、气味、目视行为等的研究。从定义可以看出非语言交际是可以传递意义的。7.参考答案：D[解析]汉语中的一些词有表示自然现象的，如“冰”“云”等；有表现地理特征的，如“岳”等；也有代表植物的名字，如“柳”；也有花名，如“梅”等。这些词反映出人们所生存的自然环境，也经常出现在中国人的人名中。8.参考答案：A本题主要考查英语文化中的赠送礼物。讲英语的人在许多场合都会互赠礼物，如在圣诞节或其他重要节日、在婚礼上、在同事退休时、在好友或孩子生日时、在婴儿出生时、去访友时、在朋友得到荣誉时等。不过一般情况下，好朋友之间都只赠送一些小礼物，如一张贺卡、一束花、一瓶酒或一瓶香水等。9.参考答案：AB[解析]“Tosplitone'ssideswithlaughter”表示“捧腹大笑”；“Tomakeacatlaugh”表示“使人笑掉大牙”，这两个都是有关言谈举止的成语。选项C为有关人生哲学的成语；选项D为有关爱情、婚姻的成语。10.参考答案：ToAmericansitmeansontimeifnotalittlebefore.ToAustraliansbeingacoupleofminuteslateistolerable.11.参考答案：black12.参考答案：death13.参考答案："Awhiteelephant"connotessomethinguseless,seldomusedortoocostlytobeworthmaintaining.14.参考答案：Touchfallsintofivecategories:(1)Functional-professionaltouchisactuallyimpersonaltouch.(2)Socio-politetouch.Whenitisused,wetouchoneanotherasmorethanmere"objects".Ratherweacknowledgetheotherasasocialroleandarewillingtoshowpolitenesstohimorher.(3)Friendship-warmthtouchisaprimarymeansbywhichweletothersknowthatweappreciatethemasuniquebeings,individuals.(4)Love-intimacytouchincludesdifferenttypesoftouch,suchaskissing,highestlevelofbodilycontactandisviewedprimarilyasanexpressionofphysicalattraction.15.参考答案：CD[考点]本题主要考查广义文化。

从广义上来讲，文化是人类的一切特征。广义文化又被称作“大写C文化(largeCculture)”或“学术文化(academicculture)”。16.参考答案：TheEnglishequivalentfor"黑信"ispoison-penletters.17.参考答案：Where'stoday's"People'sDaily"?18.参考答案：AD[解析]谚语是短小精练的民间智慧警句，一般形式严谨，通常具有鲜明的形象和使人难忘的韵律。19.参考答案：appointment20.参考答案：ThedifferencesinspellingbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglishresultedfromdifferentspellingre-formpoliciesadoptedintheU.S.A.andtheU.K.ItseemsthattheAmericansadoptedamoreradicalspellingreformpolicythantheEnglishmen.WeknowthatEnglishisalanguagenotoriousforthenon-correspondencebetweenpronunciationandspelling.Aletteroracombinationoflettersmaybepronouncedindifferentwayswhentheyoccurindifferentwords.TheEnglishmenseemedtotoleratethisnon-correspondencetoagreaterdegreethantheAmericans.TheEnglishmentendtonaturalizethepronunciationbutretainthespellingoftheloanwords.Whenthespellingoftheloanwordsischanged,thechangeisusuallyaminorone.However,theAmericanstendtonaturalizethespellingofthewordsthatdemonstrateseverenon-correspondencebetweenpronunciationandspelling.21.参考答案："Mackintosh"istheBritishequivalentfortheAmericanword"raincoat".22.参考答案：C[考点]本题主要考查对语法词素的了解。

[解析]词素可以分为屈折词素(inflectionalmorphemes)和派生词素(derivationalmorphemes)两大类。英语中的屈折词素多是出现在词尾的词缀。屈折词素表达数、格、时态、语态、语气等语法范畴。英语中的前缀都是派生词素。23.参考答案：A[解析]在英语和汉语中都有致谢及对其应答的表达方式。在讲英语的人眼里很多事情都是应该表示感激的。在很多情况下，说声“谢谢”实际上是表示礼貌的一种方式而不是为了表示感激。总之，讲英语的人在许多场合因众多原因来感谢别人。对很多中国人来说，如此频繁地使用礼貌用语是没有必要的。由此可知，在英语中比在汉语中使用表示感谢的用语要频繁得多。24.参考答案：TherearedifferencesintheverbalconventionsbetweenEnglishspeakersandtheChinesepeoplewhentheymaketelephonecalls.WhentheEnglishpersonwhoanswersthetelephonehasintroducedhimselforherself,thepersoncallingwilldoaself-introduction,too.AChinesewhoanswersthetelephoneisnotexpectedtoprovidepersonalinformationuntilheorsheknowswhoiscalling.TheChinesepeoplearegenerallymorecautiousthanEnglishspeakers.Theyarenotwillingtotelltheirnamestostrangers.Englishspeakersneverforgettosaygood-byeeachotherbeforetheyhangupthereceiver.Chinesespeakersusuallydonotsay

good-bye.CourtesyisveryimportanttoconversationsinEnglishoverthetelephone.25.参考答案：D[解析]众多西方名牌产品都以设计者或厂商的名字命名，如“Fort(汽车)”“Chanel(香水)”“PierreCartan(服装)”等。而同样作为商标的“Rolex(手表)”则是新发明的词。26.参考答案：deduction27.参考答案：Itmeans"todie"andisderivedfromtheSunsinkinginthewest.28.参考答案：B本题主要考查对英语和汉语语法差异的了解。讲英语的人具有直接性，他们倾向于直接表达他们的意见、感情和态度，总是将中心意思置于首位。29.参考答案：BD本题主要考查英语中的神话典故。aPandora'sbox(潘多拉的盒子)：大量灾难的来源，源于主神送给潘多拉的一个盒子。主神禁止她打开这个盒子，一旦她出于好奇打开这个盒子，就会释放出许多邪恶，危害人类。30.参考答案：C[解析]没有语言的出现，人类会保持一二百万年前的样子。31.参考答案：BCD[考点]本题主要考查心理时间的倾向性。

有过去倾向的社会注重过去。在讲英语的国家中，英国比美国、澳大利亚、新西兰有更多的过去倾向。32.参考答案：B主要考查狭义上的文化的定义。狭义文化可以定义为一个民族的生活方式。33.参考答案：C[解析]委婉语(euphemism)是让人听起来悦耳、礼貌或毫无恶意的词或词组，用于掩饰那些刺耳的、粗鲁的言辞或不雅的事实。34.参考答案：BCD[考点]主要考查在称呼语中英语和汉语头衔词的差异。

英语名字前可加头衔，在称呼语中用作头衔的词较少。最常见的头衔有：Mr.，Mrs.，Miss，Ms等。英语中还有一些不大常用的头衔，例如：president，primeminister，governor，mayor，doctor，judge，lawyer，professor等。在英语中，un