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ANSWERSTOQUESTIONS
1
·Whatbesidestheinsomniamakestheoldwaiterreluctanttogotobed?
Ifwejustfromthesurfacetoanswerthisquestion,wecanpickupsomeopinionfromthestory:
e.g.“Iamthosewholiketostaylateatthecafé,”theolderwaitersaid.“Withallthosewhodonotwanttogotobed.Withallthosewhoneedalightforthenight.”[page158Para.14]
“…EachnightIamreluctanttocloseupbecausetheremaybesomeonewhoneedsthecafé.”[page158]
However,ifweanalysesdeeply,wewillrealizethatinsomniaisjustasymbolismofthestory.Whenyouaresleeplessinthenight,youwillkeepawakethroughthehourofdarkness,andthiswillmakeyoufeellonelyandevenworse,thedespair.Thereisnotonlyaboutinsomniabutaboutloneliness,thedarknessoflife,thesegregationfromtheworld,andthenothingness.Andthosedesperatefeelingsarethemostimportantthingtomaketheoldwaiterandtheoldmanrefusetogotobed
·commentontheolderwaiter’smeditationwiththenadarefrain.
Nadameansnothing.ItisaSpanishword.Andfromthisrefrain,wecanknowthatnothingcannotbedealwithbymanorgod.Itisthesenselessnessofeachheart.Thereisnomeaninginlife.Nothingistheexperienceofone’sownexistence,andthethoroughunderstandingoflife.
·Whydoestheoldwaitersowellunderstandtheoldman’sneedforacafé?
Theoldwaiterisamiddle-ageman.Thoughheisn’tasoldastheoldman,hesuffersthewarandlife,andhealsohastheinsomnialikemanyothermen(perhapsincludingtheoldman).Healsofeelsthelonelinessandnothingnessinhislife.Sohecanunderstandtheoldman’sfeelingaboutthelife,andhecanevenrelateandseehisfutureintheoldman.Thisiswhytheoldwaitersowellunderstandstheoldman’sneedforacafé.Thecaféisapeacefulplacewheretheoldmancanescapefromthelonelinessandnothingnessanddesperationinthelife.
·Whatdoesthecaférepresentfortheoldmanandtheoldwaiter?
Thecaféisacleanandwell-lightedplaceinthestory.Itisanidealizedspace.Sittinginthecafé,theywillfeelpeacefulandcomfortable.Thecaféisaplacewheretheoldmanandtheoldwaitercan
3
·Thestyleofthestory
Inthisshortstory,wecanseeaveryHemingway’swritingstyle.
Firstly,youcanhardlyfindanycomplicatedwords,phrasesorsentences.Hemingwayuseseasyandsimplewordasmanyaspossible.Hetriestocutoutanyunnecessarywords.Thewholestoryiseasytoreadbutnottounderstand.
e.g.Itwaslateandeveryonehasleftthecaféexceptanoldmanwhosatintheshadowtheleavesofthetreemadeagainsttheelectriclight.[firstparagraph]
Secondly,thestoryconsistsofalotofdialogues.Andthesedialoguesarecolloquialandloose.
e.g.“Hewasindespair.”
“Whatabout?”
“Nothing.”[page155]
Thirdly,thedialogueisdeviatedfromordinaryconversationorder.
e.g.“Hemustbeeightyyearsold.”
“AnywayIshouldsayhewaseighty.”
“Iwishhewouldgohome.Inevergettobedbeforethreeo’clock.Whatkindofhouristhattogotobed?”(Thesethreedialoguesactuallyaresaidbytheyoungwaiter.)
·Whatrepetitionofwordsorphrasesseemparticularlyeffective?
Theword“café”appearsabout9times.Theword“nothing”appealsabout8timesandthe“Nada”appealsabout23times.“Light”appeals5times.“Cleanandpleasant”appeals3times.And“lighted(includingwell-lighted)”appealsabouttwice.
Ithinkthesewords’andphrases’repetitionsareveryeffective.Theyhaveadeepsymbolisminthestory.Forexample:Caféstandsforapeacefulplaceintheirheart,wherecangivethemcomfort.Andthroughthisrepetitionwewillpaymoreattentiontothiswordandthinkaboutitsprofoundmeaningandsymbolism.Anotherexample:inthestory,HemingwayusetheSpanishwordNada,thisisnotonlytoshowtheauthorwasgoodatSpanish,butalsotodrawreadersattention.Andmakesreaderthinkaboutthisword.
·WhydoyouthinkHemingwayfavorsasimplevocabulary?
IthinkthatHemingwayusesasimplevocabularybecausethewordisnotthemostimportantthingtoshowforhim.Themostimportantthinginhismindistoconveyideasabouttheworld.Andhedoesn’twantreadersspendalotoftimetoreadthestory,hewantsthereadersspendmoretimetothinkaboutwhatistheprofoundthingthestorywantstotell,andhewantsreaderstounderstandthestoryexactlybutnotjustpayattentiontotheplot.Andtheextremeshortnessmakesthepointofthestorymorepowerful.
4Thepointofviewanditsappropriateness
Thepointofviewofthestoryisthethirdpersonnarrator.
Hemingwayusesthispointofviewinordertomakeusseewhat’shappeningbothinsideandoutsideofthecharacters’minds.Wegethintsofwhat’shappeningwiththeyoungerwaiterandtheoldman.Andwecangetacloselookattheinsideoftheoldwaiter’smind,wherethetruemeaningofthestoryisrevealed.
5Thesymbolismofinsomnia
Thiswordjustappealsattheendofthestory.Whenyouareinsomniac,youcannotsleepinthenight.Andyouwilltouchtheworldmorecloselyandfeellonelier.Inthestory,insomniaisnotonlyakindofdisease,butthefeelingofloneliness,thedarknessoflifeandthesegregationfromtheworld.Itisaboutfear,nothingandloss.
6Themainideaofthestory
Thestorytalksaboutloneliness,whichHemingwayconsiderstobetheprincipaltragedyofmodernlife.Nothingisalsoanimportantthemeofthestory.Fortheoldman,nadameanshopelessness,aimlessnessandmeaninglessnessoflife.Sohechoosessuicide.Fortheoldwaiter,heunderstandsthefeelingoftheoldmanandhassympathytohim.Hecanalsofeelnothinginhislife.Asfortheyoungwaiter,hehasyouth,confidenceandajob.Hedoesn’trealizeheisalsoinnothing.Heisunawareofwhathehas.Hislifeisanotherkindofmeaninglessness.
7Elementsofthesettingofthestoryandtheatmospherethatwasbuilt
·Thephysicalsetting
e.g.Itwaslateandeveryonehadleftthecaféexpectanoldmanwhosatintheshadowtheleavesofthetreemadeagainsttheelectriclight.Inthedaytimethestreetwasdusty,butatnightthedewsettledthedustandtheoldmanlikedtositlatebecausehewasdeafandnowatnightitwasquietandhefeltthedifference.[page154—page155]
Inthisparagraphwecanseethetime—fromdaytimetonight.Theplace—acafé,acleanandwell-lightedcafé.Anditmakesatmospherethatadifferentplacefromthedaytime.Nowtheplaceisquietandthegoodlightgivespeopleasenseofsecurityandpeace.However,italsomakespeoplealittleupsetandhopelessnessthattheoldmansitsintheshadow.
·Thementalsetting
e.g.Somelivedinitandneverfeltitbutheknewitallwasnadaypuesnadaynadaypuesdana.Ournadawhoartinnada,nadabethynamethykingdomnadathywillbenadainnadaasitisinnada.…hailnothingfullofnothing,nothingiswiththee.[page159]
Thisistheoldwaite
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