南开大学外国语学院《211翻译硕士英语》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

2010年南开大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]考研真题及详解I.VocabularyandGrammar.(30points,1foreach.)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.1．ManyAmericansthinkanationalcommitteeshouldbeformedtodiscuss_____toexistingmasstransitsystem.A.alterationsB.alternationsC.attendantsD.alternatives【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：许多美国人认为应当组建一个国家协会来讨论对公共交通系统的修改意见。alterations变更，修改。alternations间隔；轮流，交替。attendants出席者；随从。alternatives选择；供选择的东西。2．Thankyouforapplyingforapositionwithourfirm.Wedonothaveanyopeningsatthistime,butweshallkeepyourapplicationon_____fortwomonths.A.pileB.segmentC.sequenceD.file【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：感谢您申请我们公司的职位。公司目前没有职位空缺，不过我们会将您的申请存档两个月。file文件；档案。onfile存档，记录下来备查。pile大量；一堆。segment部分；切片；部门；线段。sequence序列；顺序。3．Theoxygenequipmentmadeitpossiblefortheclimberstorestandsleepatveryhigh_____.A.latitudeB.altitudeC.levelD.hemisphere【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：氧气机使登山者能够在高海拔地区进行休息和睡眠。altitude高度；高处；海拔。latitude纬度，纬度地区。level水平；标准。hemisphere半球。4．Nowthe_____portcitynearthemouthofthemightyYangtzeRiverishopingtoleaveitsrecordofturmoilbehindandrenewitsstatusastheepicenterofChinesemodernization.A.flappedB.congestedC.dinedD.dictated【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：现在，这个位于长江附近的拥挤的港口城市期望能将曾经动乱的历史抛在脑后，重新塑造中国现代化中心的地位。congest使充满；使拥塞。congested拥挤的。flap拍打；拍动。dine进餐，用餐。dictate命令；支配。5．_____,hewouldnothaverecoveredsosoon.A.Hadn’thebeentakengoodcareofB.HadhenotbeentakengoodcareofC.HadnothebeentakengoodcareofD.Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：假如没有受到良好的照顾，他不会恢复的这么快。本题考查虚拟语气，对过去情况的虚拟结构如下：sb/sthwould/could/shouldhavedonesth,ifsth/sbhad(not)donesth，其中可以将had提前，其它语序不变，构成倒装句。所以选B。6．MorethanonethirdoftheChineseimmigrantsintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,_____,inSanFrancisco.A.previouslyB.predominantlyC.practicallyD.permanently【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：美国的中国移民中，三分之一的人居住在加利福尼亚州，其中主要以旧金山为主。predominantly主要地；占主导地位地。previously事先；以前。practically事实上；实用地。permanently永存地；不变地。7．Theveryessenceofcivillibertyconsistsintherightofeveryindividualtoclaimtheprotectionoflaws,_____hereceivesaninjury.A.wheneverB.whereverC.whereasD.whichever【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：公民自由的核心意义在与保证每个公民不论何时受到伤害，都有权力寻求法律保护。whenever引导时间状语从句，表示“无论何时”，等于nomatterwhen。wherever无论在哪。whereas然而；反之。whichever无论哪一个。B、C、D均不符合句意。8．The_____ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectsinthelifestyleofthepeople.A.implementationB.manifestationC.demonstrationD.expedition【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：文化现象的外在表现形式通常是人们某些实际生活方式的自然结果。manifestation外在表现；表现形式。implementation贯彻；实施。demonstration示范；实证。expedition远征；探险；考察。9．The_____touristindustryhasbeenunpreparedfortheverylargenumberofvisitorswhoarenowcomingtoBritain.A.recent-developingB.recently-developedC.recent-developingD.recently-developing【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：英国旅游业最近刚刚发展起来，还没有准备好迎接大量来英游客。修饰形容词应该用副词，取recent的副词形式，排除A、C。句中提到旅游业还没有准备好迎接游客，所以是正在发展，而不是已经发展完成，B项中developed表示已经发展完成的，A项中developing表示正在发展中，故选D。10．Thetwinbrothersslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouttheirparents’________.A.commandB.convictionC.consentD.compromise【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：双胞胎兄弟没有经过父母同意便溜出房间，奔向游泳池。consent同意；许可。command命令，控制；博得，赢得。conviction定罪；坚信，信服。compromise妥协；和解。11．_____aboutthefoodintherestaurant,buthealsorefusedtopayforhismeal.A.HedidnotonlycomplainB.NotonlyhedidcomplainC.NotonlydidhecomplainD.Henotonlydidcomplain【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他不仅抱怨餐馆的饭菜，还拒绝为饭菜买单。notonly…butalso…不仅……而且，其中notonly可以提到句首构成倒装，倒装的同时需要将分句的助动词/be动词提前，故选C。12．Theprocessoffermentationis_____byaddingsugar.A.furtheredB.precipitatedC.hurriedD.accelerated【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：加糖可以提高发酵速度。accelerate使加速，加快。further加深，增进。precipitate使突然发生；使突然发生。hurry赶紧；匆忙。13．_____,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.A.AlthoughmuchhelikesherB.MuchalthoughhelikesherC.AshelikeshermuchD.Muchashelikesher【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：本题考查让步状语从句，as、though都可以引导让步状语从句，但是只有as引导是从句可以倒装，结构是“形容词/副词+as+主语+谓语动词”，故选D。14．Whendecimalcurrencywasintroduced,oneoldmaninthevillagesaid,“Idon’tthinkitwill_____roundhere.”A.catchupB.catchoutC.catchonD.catchin【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：十进制货币被引进的时候，村里的一个老人说：“我认为它流行不起来。”catchon流行起来；理解，明白。catchup很快拾起；缠住；赶上。catchout发觉；抓住某人的错处。catchin落入；陷于。15．Thescientistcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_____hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobase【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：科学家很难找到足够的依据来支撑自己关于新理论的观点。grounds（依据）是用来支撑arguments（观点）的，这个意思如果用动词不定式表达，应该为tobaseonfor，如果用从句表达，应该是onwhichtobase，所以选D。16．TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)_____ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：英语中包含许多日常对话中相对很少用到的单词。multitude多数，众多。altitude高度；高处；海拔。latitude纬度，纬度地区。attitude态度。17．Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingscheme,_____morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.A.haveallowedB.allowC.allowingD.allows【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：随着空闲时间越来越多，工作方式越来越灵活，以及培训和再培训项目的增多，越来越多的女性能够把握到就业机会。主语是“Thegrowthof…retrainingscheme”，“morewomen”是宾语，“totakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities”是宾语补足语，句子缺少谓语动词，C项allowing是非谓语形式，故排除C。由于主语“thegrowth”是单数形式，所以谓语动词应该用单数，排除A、B，选D。18．Althoughhehashadnoformaleducation,heisoneofthe_____businessmeninhiscompany.A.shrewdestB.sternestC.nastiestD.alertest【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：虽然他没有受过正规教育，但却是公司最精明的生意人之一。shrewd精明的；机灵的。stern严厉的；坚定的。nasty污秽的；险恶的。alert警觉的；留心的。19．Theheartis_____intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.A.notsoB.muchmoreC.notmoreD.nomore【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：心脏并不比胃聪明，因为他们都受大脑的支配。“than“的出现说明此处要用比较级，排除A。B项意思不符合句意。nomore…than…是固定搭配，比起……来，并不……，排除C，选D。20．NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom_____onearththanbacteriaonMars.A.configurationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.contamination【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：《科学》杂质上的一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化学物大多是地球上的污染物而非火星上的细菌所产生的。contamination污染；致污物。configuration结构；配置。constitution宪法；体质；构造。condemnation批评责难；（罪的）宣告。21．Severaldecadesago,wealthypeoplelikedhuntingwildanimalsforfun_____sightseeing.A.ratherthantogoB.morethangoingC.otherthangoingD.thantogo【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：几十年前，相当于观光旅行，富人们更喜欢从打猎中获取乐趣。这里把huntingwildanimals和goingsightseeing进行了对比，所以要用比较级，主体结构是like…morethan…。所以选B.22．Tensofthousandsofdiplomats,scientists,ecologistsand_____hangers-onareexpectedtogatherindozensofauditoriumsfornearly400officialandunofficialevents.A.assortedB.obedientC.inaccessibleD.coarse【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：数百万的外交家、科学家、生态学家和各式各样的追随者将聚集在几十个会堂中参加近四百项官方和非官方的活动。assorted组合的；各式各样的。obedient服从的；孝顺的。inaccessible难接近的；难达成的。coarse粗糙的；粗俗的。23．Asmyfatherisnot_____withthelanguage,hehasaskedmetoassumetheroleofprivatesecretaryandmeetyouonhisbehalf.A.loungedB.loggedC.acquaintedD.omitted【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：由于我父亲不太熟悉这门语言，他要我担任他的私人秘书，代表他与您会面。acquaint使了解，使熟知。beacquaintedwith熟悉……。lounge闲荡；懒洋洋地躺卧；虚度光阴。伐（木）；log把……记入航海日志。omit省略；遗漏。24．—“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Cooperatthreeo’clockthisFridayafternoon?”—“I’msorry.Mr.Cooper_____toaconferencelongbeforethen.”A.willhavegoneB.hadhavegoneC.wouldhavegoneD.hasgone【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：“我可以在本周五下午三点同你的经理Cooper先生通话吗？”“不好意思，Cooper先生在那之前将去参加一个会议。”这里考察将来完成时的用法，结构为willhavedone…，故选C。25．Confucianismhasevolvedintoacultureofrationalistictraditionalism,acombinationoftraditional_____andgroupvirtueswithapragmatismshapedbytheconditionsofanewcompetitiveenvironment.A.helmB.assaultC.filialD.derivation【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：儒教已经发展成为一种理性的传统文化，它将传统的孝道、集体美德同新的竞争环境下形成的实用主义结合在一起。filial孝顺。helm舵。assault攻击，袭击。derivation由来，出处。26．Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial_____toitsburningtemperature.A.isheatedB.willbeheatedC.beheatedD.wouldbeheated【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：燃烧的一个要求是材料的温度达到着火点。表示“命令”、“要求”等意思的词，如文中的“requirements”引导的宾语从句或表语从句，从句谓语动词用原形。27．Afteryearsofnegotiation,aninternationalagreementtoconserve_____speciesandecosystemshasfinallybeenchanged.A.ventilatedB.imperiledC.utilizedD.modified【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：通过多年的谈判，终于完成了对一项关于保护濒危物种和生态系统的国际协约的修订。ventilated通风的。imperiled处于危险中的。utilized被利用的。modified修改的，变更的。28．NobodysawtheCEOattheseminar;he_____atitA.couldn’thavespokenB.couldn’tspeakC.mustn’thavespokenD.shouldn’thavespoken【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：在研讨会上，没有人看到CEO，所以他不可能去参加了研讨会。couldn’tdosth，不可能做某事（很有把握的猜测），由于句中表示的是对过去情况的猜测，所以用couldn’thavedone结构，选A。29．Thesepictureswillshowyou_____.A.whatdoesourhigh-techincubatorlooklikeB.whatourhigh-techincubatorlookslikeC.howdoesourhigh-techincubatorlooklikeD.howourhigh-techincubatorlookslike【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：这些照片向我们展示了高科技保温箱的模样。对“是……样子”提问方式为“Whatdo(es)sthlooklike”，排除C、D。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，排除A。故选B。30．WithSchindler’sList,thetruestoryofaGermanbusinessmanwhosavedmorethan1O00JewsduringtheHolocaust,StevenAllanSpielbergappearsdeterminedtoprovethathecanmakeamoviethatwill_____allexpectations.A.fallshortofB.liveuptoC.runcontrarytoD.getoutof【答案】B查看答案【解析】通过电影“辛德勒的名单”，史蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格证明他可以制作一个满足所有人期待的电影。“辛德勒的名单”讲述的是一个德国商人在大屠杀中挽救了一千个犹太人性命的故事。liveupto符合，不辜负。fallshortof达不到，未达到。runcontraryto违反；背道而驰。II.ReadingComprehension(40points)SectionOne:Readandmakethebestchoice(20points,2foreach)Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfivequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,D.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneIntermsofpurequantityofresearchanddebate,businessschoolshaveperformedamazinglyinpromotingmanagementasadistinctiveactivity.Nootherdisciplinehasproducedasmuchinsuchashortperiod.Itisunclearyethowmuchofitwillstandthetestoftime,butforsheerindustry,thebusinessschooldeservecredit.Notadaygoesbywithoutanotherwaveofresearchpapers,books,articles,andjournals.Intheseterms,schoolshaveproducedagenerallyacceptedtheoreticalbasisformanagement.Whenitcomestoknowledgecreation,however,theyfindthemselvesindifficulties.Theyarecaughtbetweentheneedforacademicrigourandforreal-worldbusinessrelevance,whichtendtopullinoppositedirections.Thedesiretoestablishmanagementasacredibledisciplineleadstoresearchthatpanderstotraditionalacademiccriteria.Theproblemforbusinessschoolresearchersisthattheyseektheapprovaloftheiracademicpeersratherthanthebusinesscommunity.IntheUnitedStatesthishasledtothesortofgrand‘paperclipcounting’exercisesthatmeetdemandsforacademicrigourbutfailtoaddoneiotatotherealsumofhumanknowledge.Businessschoolshavetoooftenallowedtheconstraintsoftheacademicworldtocloudtheirviewoftherealworld.Businessschoolresearchersseekprovabletheories—ratherthanhelpfultheories.Theyhavechampionedaprescriptiveapproachtomanagementbasedonanalysisand,morerecently,onfashionableideasthatsoondisappearintotheether.The‘onebestway’approachencouragesresearcherstomouldtheidiosyncrasiesofmanagerialrealityintotheirtightlydefinedmodelsofbehaviour.Figuresandstatisticsarefittedintolinearequationsandtidymodels.Economistsandothersocialscientistslabelthiscuresmoothing.Meanwhile,realitycontinuallyrefusestoco-operate.Centraltothisisthetensionbetweenrelevanceandrigour.Inaperfectworld,therewouldbenoneedtochoosebetweenthetwo.Butinthebusinessschoolworld,theneedtosatisfyacademiccriteriaandbepublishedinjournalsoftentiltsthebalanceawayfromrelevance.Inotherwords,itisofteneasiertopursuequantifiableobjectivesthanitistoaddanythingusefultothedebateaboutmanagement.Toalargeextent,theentirebusinessschoolsystemworksagainstuseful,knowledge-creatingresearch.Academicshavefiveyearsinwhichtoprovethemselvesiftheyaretomaketheacademicgrade.Itseemslongenough.Butitcantaketwooreventhreeyearstogetintoasuitablejournal.Theythereforehavearoundthreeyears,probablyless,tocomeupwithanareaofinterestandcarryoutmeaningfulandoriginalresearch.Thisisademandingtimescale.Thetemptationmustbetosliceupolddatainnewwaysratherthanpursuegenuinelygroundbreaking,innovativeresearch.Itisacriticismalsomadebysomebusinessschoolinsiders.“Academicjournalstendtofindmoreandmoretechniquesfortestingmoreandmoreobscuretheories.Theyareaskingtrivialquestionsandansweringthemexactly.Therehastobeabacklash,”saysJulianBirkinshawofLondonBusinessSchool.Inlargepart,theproblemgoesbacktoatimewhenbusinessschoolsweretryingtoestablishthemselves.Upuntilthe1960s,Americanbusinessschoolsweredismissedaspseudo-academicinstitutions,includingtheuniversitiesofwhichtheyoftenformedapart,regardedthemasalittlemorethanvocationalcolleges.Sincethen,mostoftheleadingschoolshaveundergonemajorreassessmentsandintroducedsweepingchanges.However,itisquestionablewhetherthosechangeshavegonefarenough.1．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphsuggestabouttheresearchgeneratedbybusinessschools?A.Itsqualityisvariable.B.Itslastingvalueisuncertain.C.Ithasalwaysbeenproducedtooquickly.D.Ithashadnoinfluenceonmanagement.2．Inparagraphtwo,thewriterarguesthatbusinessschoolresearch_____.A.takesanegativeviewofthebusinesscommunityB.hasfailedtogivecredibilitytomanagementasadisciplineC.isdirectedatthewrongaudienceD.doesnotstanduptoacademicscrutiny3．Inthesecondparagraph,thewritercriticizesthetheoriesofmanagementproducedbybusinessschoolsforbeing_____.A.incomprehensibleB.contradictoryC.vagueD.inflexible4．Inthethirdparagraph,thewritersaysthatthebusinessschoolsystemcausesacademicsto_____.A.besatisfiedwithreinterpretingpreviousresearchB.avoidcomplicatedbusinessissuesC.concentrateonverynarrowfieldsofstudyD.focusontopicsnolongerrelevanttobusinessneeds5．Whatdowelearnaboutbusinessschoolsinthelastparagraph?A.Theyarereluctanttoadmittofailings.B.Theyresentcriticismoftheiracademicjournal.C.Theyusedtobelookeddownonbyotherinstitutions.D.Theyarecomfortablewiththecurrentsituation.【答案与解析】1．B 句意：第一段中，作者认为商业学校进行的研究是否具有长期意义，这一点还不确定。第一段第三句指出“Itisunclearyethowmuchofitwillstandthetestoftime”，即这些研究成果能否经得起时间考验还不确定，故选B。2．C 句意：在第二段中，作者认为商业学校的研究选错了观众。第二段第五句“Theproblemforbusinessschoolresearchersisthattheyseektheapprovaloftheiracademicpeersratherthanthebusinesscommunity.”，指出商业学校追求学术同行的认可，而非商界的认可，意思是他们选错了受众，故选C。3．D 句意：第二段中，作者批评商业学校研究出的管理理论因循守旧。第二段第四句中，作者指出商业学校为了把管理学建设成一个完整的学科体系，而迎合传统的学术标准，所以是死板、不灵活的，选D。4．B 句意：第三段中，作者指出商业学校体系导致学术研究远离复杂的商业问题。第三段第二句，作者认为商业学校专注于可以证明的理论，并在第三句中指出他们的研究的基于分析和暂时出现的流行现象，倒数第三句指出“Figuresandstatisticsarefittedintolinearequationsandtidymodels.”，这些都说明他们分析的是简单的问题，而避免研究复杂问题。5．C 我们可以从最后一段得出，商业学校曾经受到其他机构的歧视。最后一段倒数第三句“…Americanbusinessschoolsweredismissedaspseudo-academicinstitutions…regardedthemasalittlemorethanvocationalcolleges.”，可以得出商业学校曾被认为是“伪科学机构”、“比职业院校稍好一点”，故选C。PassageTwoGlobalwarmingwasonceanuncommontermusedbyafewscientistswhoweregrowingconcernedovertheeffectsofdecadesofpollutiononlong-termweatherpatterns.Today,theideaofglobalwarmingiswellknown,ifnotwellunderstood.Itisnotunusualtohearsomeonecomplainingaboutahotdayorafreakstormandremark,“It’sglobalwarming.”GlobalwarmingisasignificantincreaseintheEarth’sclimatictemperatureoverarelativelyshortperiodoftimeasaresultoftheactivitiesofhumans.Inspecificterms,anincreaseof1ormoredegreesCelsiusinaperiodofonehundredtotwohundredyearswouldbeconsideredglobalwarming.Overthecourseofasinglecentury,anincreaseofeven0.4degreesCelsiuswouldbesignificant.Mostscientistsrecognizethatglobalwarmingdoesseemtobehappening,butafewdon’tbelievethatitisanythingtobeworriedabout.ThesescientistssaythattheEarthismoreresistanttoclimatechangesonthisscalethanwethink.Plantsandanimalswilladapttosubtleshiftsinweatherpatterns,anditisunlikelyanythingcatastrophicwillhappenasaresultofglobalwarming.Slightlylongergrowingseasons,changesinprecipitationlevelsandstrongerweather,intheiropinion,arenotgenerallydisastrous.Theyalsoarguethattheeconomicdamagecausedbycuttingdownontheemissionofgreenhousegaseswillbefarmoredamagingtohumansthananyoftheeffectsofglobalwarming.Inaway,thescientificconsensusmaybeamootpoint.Therealpowertoenactsignificantchangerestsinthehandsofthosewhomakenationalandglobalpolicy.SomepolicymakersintheUnitedStatesarereluctanttoproposeandenactchangesbecausetheyfeelthecostsmayoutweighanyrisksglobalwarmingposes.Somecommonconcerns,claimsandcomplaintsinclude:AchangeintheUnitedStates’policiesinemissionsandcarbonproductioncouldresultinalossofjobs;IndiaandChina,bothofwhichcontinuetorelyheavilyoncoalfortheirmainsourceofenergy,willcontinuetocauseenvironmentalproblemseveniftheUnitedStateschangesitsenergypolicies(criticsofthesepolicymakerspointoutthatthisapproachemploysthetuquoquelogicalfallacy);Sincescientificevidenceisaboutprobabilitiesratherthancertainties,wecan’tbecertainthathumanbehavioriscontributingtoglobalwarming,thatourcontributionissignificant,orthatwecandoanythingtofixit;Technologywillfindawaytogetusoutoftheglobalwarmingmess,soanychangeinourpolicieswillultimatelybeunnecessaryandcausemoreharmthangood.What’sthecorrectanswer?Itcanbehardtofigureout.Mostscientistswilltellyouthatglobalwarmingisrealandthatitislikelytodosomekindofharm,buttheextentoftheproblemandthedangerposedbyitseffectsarewideopenfordebate.Thoughscientistswarnthatglobalwarmingwilllikelycontinueforcenturiesbecauseofthelongnaturalprocessesinvolved,thereareafewthingswecandotodecreasetheeffects.Basically,theyallboildowntothis:Don’tuseasmuchofthestuffthatcreatesgreenhousegases.Onalocallevel,youcanhelpbyusinglessenergy.Theelectricitythatoperatesmanyofthedevicesinourhomescomesfromapowerplant,andmostpowerplantsburnfossilfuelstogeneratethatpower.Turnofflightswhenthey’renotinuse.Takeshortershowerstouselesshotwater.Useafaninsteadofanairconditioneronawarmday.Herearesomeotherspecificwaysyoucanhelpdecreasegreenhouse-gasemissions:Makesureyourcarisproperlytunedup.Thisallowsittorunmoreefficientlyandgeneratefewerharmfulgases;Walkorrideyourbikeifpossible,orcarpoolonyourwaytowork.Carsburnfossilfuel,sosmaller,morefuel-efficientcarsemitlessCO2,particularlyhybridcars;Turnlightsandotherappliancesoffwhenyou’renotusingthem.Eventhoughalightbulbdoesn’tgenerategreenhousegas,thepowerplantthatgeneratestheelectricityusedbythelightbulbprobablydoes.Switchfromincandescentlightbulbstofluorescentbulbs,whichuselessenergyandlastlonger;Recycle.Garbagethatdoesn’tgetrecycledendsupinalandfill,generatingmethane.Recycledgoodsalsorequirelessenergytoproducethanproductsmadefromscratch;Planttreesandotherplantswhereyoucan.Plantstakecarbondioxideoutoftheairandreleaseoxygen.Don’tburngarbage.Thisreleasescarbondioxideandhydrocarbonsintotheatmosphere.Toreallystemtheemissionofgreenhousegases,weneedtodevelopnon-fossilfuelenergysources.Hydro-electricpower,solarpower,hydrogenenginesandfuelcellscouldallcreatebigcutsingreenhousegasesiftheyweretobecomemorecommon.Attheinternationallevel,theKyototreatywaswrittentoreduceCO2andothergreenhousegasemissionsworldwide.Thirty-fiveindustrializednationshavecommittedtoreducingtheiroutputofthosegasestovaryingdegrees.Unfortunately,theUnitedStates,theworld’sprimaryproducerofgreenhousegases,didnotsignthetreaty.InMarch,2007,formerVicePresidentAlGoretestifiedinfrontofCongressandurgedthemtomakesomeverychallengingchangesinnationalpolicy.Theseinclude:Freezecarbonproductionatthecurrentlevelandcreateprogramstoreducecarbonproductionby90percentby2050;Shifttaxationfromemploymentandproductiontoataxationuponpollution;CreateaninternationaltreatythatwouldeffectivelycomplywiththeKyototreatywithoutcarryingthesameperceivedpoliticalbaggage;Halttheconstructionofallnewcoal-basedpowerfacilitiesunlesstheycomplywithrestrictionsoncarbonproduction;Increaseemissionstandardsacrosstheboardforboththeautomobileindustryandpowerfacilities;Banincandescentlightbulbs.Goreadmitsthatthedecisiontoenacttheseandotherproposedresponsestoglobalwarmingcanbedifficult.Healsosaysthatclimatechangeisnotjustacrisis,butthemostimportantcrisismankindhaseverfaced.6．Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthoragreewith?A.Itisacommonbeliefinthescientificspherethatglobalwarmingwillbringaboutsignificantresultontheplanetearth.B.Itisresearchfindingsthatwillcontributemostlytotheeaseofglobalwarming.C.Oneofthesolutionsforreducingglobalwarmingistoadoptthelandfillforgarbagedisposal.D.Thecitizenryshouldcooperateandcoordinatewellsoastofightagainstglobalwarming.7．TheauthorcitedtheexampleoftheprobableresultforthechangeofpolicyintheUnitedStates(paragraph5)inorderto_____.A.indicatetheimpactforthealterationinUSpolicycanbesevereB.pointoutthedifferenceinpoliciesadoptedinUSandthatinChinaandIndiaC.explainwhythereareobstaclesintakingsomemeasuresagainstglobalwarmingD.convincethereadersitistooexpensivetostoptheglobalwarming8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.Globalwarminginvolvesalongprocesswhichwillcontinueforcenturies,andwecandosomethingtodecreaseitseffects.B.Developingcountriesareproducingmoreglobalwarmingthanthedevelopedworld.C.Variousnaturalphenomenasuchassolarradiationandvolcanoesproducedmostofthewarming.D.Anincreaseinglobaltemperaturewillcausesealevelstoriseandwillchangetheamountandpatternofprecipitation,probablyincludingexpansionofsubtropicaldeserts.9．AllofthefollowingarementionedinthispassageassolutionsemployedinhaltingglobalwarmingEXCEPT______.A.plantasmanyplantsaspossibleB.parkthecarhalfwayandthentakeawalktoyourofficeC.useenergy-efficientappliancesratherthanthenormalonesD.turnoffalltheapplianceswhentheyarenotworking10．WhatistrueofthenewinternationaltreatyproposedinAlGore’sspeech?A.Itwillbearthesignatureofthirty-fiveindustrializednationswhohavecommittedtoreducingtheiroutputofthosegasestovaryingdegrees.B.ItisrevisedonthebasisofKyotoTreaty,whichmainlydealswithCO2andgreenhousegasemission.C.CertainarticlesintheKyotoTreatywillnotappearinthisnewtreatytoeasepoliticalburden.D.Itisdifficulttobeverifiedduetothecurrentmethodsforestimatinggreenhousegasemissions.【答案与解析】6．D 第四段第一句，作者指出科学界对全球变暖仍为达成共识，排除A。第五段第二句，说明缓解全球变暖的真正权力掌握在政策制定者手中，排除B。倒数第四段提到“Garbagethatdoesn’tgetrecycledendsupinalandfill,generatingmethane.”，指的是垃圾可以用来制造沼气，C项不符合原文。文中作者介绍了许多可以全民参与的方法来缓解全球变暖趋势，说明作者支持公民参与合作共同对抗这一问题，D项正确。7．C 句意：作者列举了美国政策变化可能引起的一些结果是为了说明对抗全球变暖面临着很多阻碍。第五段第四句中，作者指出政策变化可能引起的后果有失业等，这些不好的后果导致美国不想改变政策，也就使对抗全球变暖面临阻碍。8．A 句意：文章暗示全球变暖是一个将持续几个世纪的长期过程，我们可以采取一些措施来减轻它的危害。参见文章第七段第一句。9．B 参见文章第四段。“Planttreesandotherplantswhereyoucansmaller…”，故A项符合原文。“…morefuel-efficientcarsemitlessCO2…”，故C项符合原文。“Turnlightsandotherappliancesoffwhenyou’renotusingthem.”，故D项也符合原文。选B。10．B 参见最后一段第二句子“…CreateaninternationaltreatythatwouldeffectivelycomplywiththeKyototreaty…”，故选B。SectionTwo:Readandanswerquestion(20points,4foreachquestion)Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbytwoorthreequestions.YoushouldwriteyouranswertothequestionsontheAnswerSheet.PassageoneIn1762,Rousseau1publishedhisbookEmile,whichshookeducationtoitsveryfoundations.Rousseaulaunchedthemoderneraofschooling,teaching,andlearning.BeginningwithhiseducationalinsightsandfollowingwithpracticesdevelopedbyJohannPestalozzi,educationshiftedtoawholenewsetofassumptions.Trulywecouldsaythatmanbegantothinkofeducationfromthebottomup.Withthebeliefthatmanisbasicallygood,educationwasnolongerseenasaninstrumenttodisciplinethewill,suppresstheanimalappetites,orsaveaworthlesssoul.Withthebeliefthatchildrendonotlearnlikeadults,thecontent,sequence,andapproachtosubjectmatterchanged.Withanewappreciationforhowpeoplelearncame3anewappreciationforelementaryeducationandtheprofessionaltrainingofelementaryteachers.Withtheriseofsuffrageandconcernforthecommonmancamethenotionthatpracticaleducationcouldprovidesocialandeconomicopportunity.Educationcouldalsohelpputmanincontrolofhisowndestiny.Inshort,educationwasseentobeginatthebottom,basedonthenaturalandsocialrealitiesoftheworld.Manandhispracticalconcernswerethenewstartingpointsintheeducationalquest.IntheSocialContract4Rousseaueloquentlyexpressedhisbeliefthatmanisnaturallybornnobleandfree.Societyisartificial.Equalityandlibertyarethenaturalrightsofman.ForRousseautheproperconventionorsocialcontractwouldbeone5thatwouldpreservethenaturalrightstolife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.Asocietyhastherighttooverthrowanyleader,government,orexternalpowerthatviolatesthisdemocraticcovenant.EmiledidforeducationwhatTheSocialContractdidforpolitics6.Emilewasanovel,afictionalizedaccountofhowRousseauwouldraiseanimaginaryson,Emile.Toeducatethechild,Rousseauremovedhimfromcorruptsocietyandsenthimwithatutortoaruralenvironment.Therehelearnedfromnature.ThefirstwordsinEmileareasfollows:“Godmakesallthingsgood;manmeddleswiththemandtheybecomeevil.”AccordingtoRousseau,onlybylivingclosetonaturecanone’snaturalgoodnessproperlyunfoldanddevelop.Rousseau’srevolutionaryeducationalachievementwasthe