高考英语复习非谓语知识点专题讲义

2023-2024学年高中英语非谓语知识点专题非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone在非谓语前加notforsb.todosth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghavingdonebeingdoneHavingbeendone具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonesb’sdoing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语一、动名词一、动名词的惯用法(1)Itisnouse/good/useless+doing…“…是没有意义的，没有用的”Itisawasteoftime+doing…“…是浪费时间”Itisfun+doing…“…真有趣”eg.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisawasteoftime(worthwhile)discussingsuchmatters.Tr.：光学而不实践是没用的。__________________________________________________和孩子们一起玩真好。__________________________________________________(2)Thereisno+v-ing“不可能、无法……”Thereisnotelling/saying/denying/joking…“难以断言，很难说；无法否认…”eg.Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory.Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.Tr.：无法否认中国还是一个发展中国家。__________________________________________________(3)think/consider/find/feellike/makeit+nouse/good+doingeg.Wefoundituselessdiscussingitagain.Iconsideritawasteoftimearguingaboutit.(4)havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing“做……有困难”eg.Wehavedifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem.在下列动词短语后接动词作宾语用动名词形式：giveup,cannothelp,keepon,putoff,dependon,thinkabout,setabout,feellike,beworth,bebusy,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,getusedto,beaccustomedto,beopposedto,bereducedto(沦为,降为),besentencedto,devote…to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,contributeto,objectto等。注意：在want,need,deserve,require等动词及形容词worth后，总是用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“tobe+过去分词”。Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).Thehousewantscleaning.Thewaydeservesmentioning.Theseyoungtreeswillrequirelookingaftercarefully.TheSelectedPoemsiswellworthreading.二、动名词的复合结构当动名词本身有其逻辑主语时，就构成了动名词的复合结构。动名词的逻辑主语多用名词所有格或物主代词表示，动名词的复合结构可作主语或宾语。(1)逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格；作宾语时，也可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。eg:Tom’s/His（正确）beingdiligentcannotbedenied.（作主语）Tom/His（错误）beingdiligentcannotbedenied.Shedidin’tmindJack’s/his（正确）cominglate.（作宾语）Shedidn’tmindJack/him（正确）cominglate.(2)逻辑主语是有无生命的名词，指示代词或不定代词时，只用普通格。eg.Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?Shewasdisturbedbysomebodyshoutingoutside.(3)逻辑主语是以“-s”结尾的名词，或是以一个以上的名词构成的词组，用普通格。eg.Itwasqutieunexpectedthestudentsfinishingtheexamsosoon.Ineverheardofapersonofcharacterdoingsuchathing.Tr:：你介意我提个意见吗？Doyoumind______________makingasuggestion?我女儿经常熬夜让我感到很担心。_______________oftenstayingupsolateworriesme三、常见题型：1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语Iwouldappreciate_______backthisafternoon.A．youtocallB．youcallC．youcallingD．you’recalling3）有些词后只能接动名词admit;appreciate;avoid;consider;defer;delay;deny;enjoy;itentails;escape;fancy;feellike;finish;forgive;can’thelp;hinder;imagine;involves;keep;mind;miss;practice;prevent;resist;risk;4）另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法it’snogood;it’sno/little/hardlyany/use;it’sworthwhile;spendmoney/time;there’snopointin;5）有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,goon,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义截然不同。二、不定式一、动词不定式的句法功能1、常用it作形式主语的句型有：1.Itis+adj.+todosth2.Itisa/an+n(crime,mistake,pity,shame,goodidea)+todosth3.Ittakes+…todosth2、作宾语（1）常见动词及物动词want,need,require等，当其主语是“物”时，表示“需要”，常用动词不定式的被动式作宾语。(=want,need,require+doing)Yourbedroomneedstobecleaned.=Yourbedroomneedscleaning.（2）wish,hope,plan,be,mean+tohavedone/hadwished….+todo表示原打算干却没能办到IhadmeanttogotoShanghaiyesterday,butwasdelayedbythebadweather.---Whydidn’tyoucometomybirthdayparty?---I’dliketohave,butIhadanunexpectedguest.（3）介词后一般不直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可用带疑问词的不定式MarxgavesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.但but,except后可跟不定式作宾语Thebosshadnochoicebuttogivein.但当主要动词是do时，to省掉Theycoulddonothingbutwait.（4）如果不定式做而后面又有一个宾语补足语，这时要用it做形式宾语，而动词不定式要放到补语后面。例如：Ifeelitmydutytohelpyou.Ioncethoughtitimpossibleforustofinishthejobinsuchalimitedtime.3、作定语以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语,如:chance,way,opportunity,time,thefirst,thelast,thesecond,theonly等词后,在havetodo和therebe句型中。Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.4.作状语Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.adverbial(状语)1、表示目的,常用结构为：(not)todosth.(not)inordertodosth.soas(not)todosth.2、表示结果(so/such…asto.,enoughto…,too…to…,onlyto)Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.另外，only常用在不定式的前面,表示出人意料的结果,Wearrivedthereonlytofindthetraingone.Hereturnedhomeonlytofindhishousebrokeninto.3、表示原因:不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,说明产生这种情况的原因,常见的形容词有:sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。分词（doing,done）现在分词1、现在分词表正在进行或主动意义，2、“therebe”句型的-ing分词形式为“therebeing”。过去分词过去分词表已完成或被动意义。i)表被动且有已完成的含义Friedeggsboiledwaterawrittenreportfurnishedroomii)表完成Therisensun—夕阳anescapedprisoner—逃跑的犯人anarrivedvisitor–已到达的参观者Returnedstudents—归来的学生一、-ed分词做表语具有被动的概念，一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为“感到...”。confused（感到困惑的）delighted（感到高兴的）disappointed（感到失望的）dissatisfied······二、-ed分词做宾语补足语时，宾语补足语与宾语之间是被动关系。Wefoundhishairstylechangedcompletely.Imademyselfunderstoodeasily.-ed分词做宾语补足语，表示-ed分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成。Wefoundtheworkcompletelydone.三、-ed分词（短语）作定语时，其修饰的中心词应该是分词动作的接受者。Mrs.Brownislookingforausedcar.例外：不及物动词的-ed分词没有被动含义，只表示完成的意思。Thestreetwascoveredwithfallenleaves.单独的-ed分词做定语时可以前置也可以后置。-ed分词短语做定语时通常后置。Allbooksborrowedfromthelibrarymustbereturnedbeforetheendofthesemester.如果-ed分词所表示的动作此刻正在发生或与谓语动词同时发生，应用-ing分词的被动式，即“beingdoneThegrammarbookbeingrevisedwillcomeoutthistimenextyear.如果-ed分词所表示的将要发生的动作，应用不定式的被动式，即“tobedoneThenoveltobepublishednextmonthwillbeagoodseller.四、-ed分词做状语可以用来表示时间。Heated,metalsexpand.Whenseenthroughatelescopethesunappearsdarkneartheedge.从望远镜中看出去，太阳的边缘显得很暗。-ed分词做状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，句子的主语一般为分词动作的接受者，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.课堂练习：Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,______alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.prepareD.waspreparing2.Thepolicecaughthim_____acar.A.tostealB.stealingC.stolenD.tobestolen3.Therearethefacts_____bytheschoolA.togatherB.gatheringC.gatheredD.beinggathered4.Theygottheircar____atthegarage.A.towashB.washingC.beingwashedD.washed5.Ihadmysuit____yesterday.A.topressB.pressingC.pressD.pressed6.Shekepthereyes_____allthetime.A.tocloseB.closingC.closeD.closed7.CanMarymakeherself_____inEnglish?A.understoodB.understandC.tounderstandD.understanding8.Thedog,_____,willmakeagoodwatchdog.A.totrainproperlyB.trainingproperlyC.properlytotrainD.trainedproperly9.Istartedtheclock_____.A.togoB.goingC.goneD.tobegone10.Before_____tothecollege,hehadtogothroughanexamination.A.admittedB.toadmitC.beingadmittedD.havingbeenadmitted11.Theteachercameinwithmanystudents_____.A.followingB.tofollowC.followedD.beingfollowed12.---Howwastheconcertlastnight?---Itwas____.A.disappointingB.disappointedC.disappointD.beingdisappointed13.Theroomiscrowded,butthereare____.A.afewseatstoleaveB.fewseatsleftC.afewseatsleftD.fewseatstoleave14.ThePresidentwassittingonthechair____byhissupporters.A.surroundingB.tosurroundC.surroundedD.tobesurrounded15.TheconcertconductedbyKarajanprovedvery_____.A.excitingB.excitedC.toexciteD.beingexcited16.____allthingsintoconsideration,hislifeisahappyone.A.TakingB.havingtakenC.TakeD.TotakeAnnawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,_____completelytotheoutsideworld.A.beinglostB.havinglostC.losingD.lost18.ThenameNebraskacomesfromtheIndianword“nebrathka”,_____flatwater.”A.tomeanB.meaningC.itmeansD.bymeaning19____hisanswer,shesentasecondletter.A.ReceivingnotB.NottoreceiveC.NotbeingreceivedD.Nothavingreceived20.WewillgoforawalkintheGrandParktomorrow,weather___.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.havingpermitted21.____thatthetrainisgone,itisuselesstowait.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.tohaveseen22．Myletter,______tothewrongnumber,reachedhimlate.A.tohaveaddressedB.beingaddressedChavingbeenaddressedD.tohavebeenaddressed23.Hewantedabasketofflowers_____tohiswife.A.sendingB.sentC.tosentD.tohavesent24.WhenIreturnedhome,Ifoundthewindowopenandsomething_______.A.tostealB.stealingC.stolenD.stole25.Myfatherencouragedmeinmypainting,butneverlivedtoseeanyofmyworks_______inpublic.A.exhibitingB.exhibitedC.havingexhibitedD.exhibited26.---whatwasyouroflastnight’slecture?---_______speaking,Ithoughtitwasratherboring.A.VeryB.HonestC.ReallyD.Honestly27.Hidden_____byabigtree,hishousewasnottbeseen.A.asitwasB.asitisC.asitdidD.ashedid28._____,Tomjumpedintotheriverandsavedthedrowninggirl.A.BeingagoodswimmerB.GoodswimmerashewasC.HecoldswimverywellD.Beingthathewasagoodswimmer29.Thewaterofahotspringcarriesmanyminerals,usually____usanunusualtasteandsmell.A.giveB.givesC.tobegivenD.giving30.Eva,_____borninCanada,livedandpracticedlawinAmerica.A.wasB.hewasC.althoughD.whohewasAnswers:1----5BBCDD6----10DADBC11----15AACCA16----20DDBDA21---25BCBCBHeissaidto____tohiscountrybecauseanewpresidentcomesintopower.A.beallowedtoreturnB.allowtoreturnC.allowreturningD.beallowedreturningHespokeinsuchahighvoice____atthefurtherendoftheroom.A.astobeheardB.tobeheardC.astohearD.tohear---Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?---No,butsometimes,IwishI____.A.hadtimetoB.hadtimetodoC.havetimetoD.havetimeCouldyoutellmethewayyou’vethoughtof____?A.todoitB.doingitC.doitD.hastodoitWhomwouldyourather____thework?A.tohavetodoB.tohavedoC.havetodoD.havedo6.Smithappears____alongtime.Heisimpatientformyarrival.A.towaitB.tobewaitingC.tohavewaitedD.tohavebeenwaiting7.Heissaid____inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.tohavebeenbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.beingbadlytreatedD.tobetreatedbadly8.---Whywashefined?---Hehappenedto____severalflowersinthepark.A.beseenpickB.beseenpickingC.becaughttopickD.catchpicking9.Fornearlythreehourswewaitedforthedecision,only____tocomeagainthenextday.A.tellingB.tobetoldC.toldD.beingtold10.---Whysoserious,dear?---Nothing.I’mjustthinkingabouttheproblem____tomorrow.A.discussedB.willbediscussedC.tobediscussedD.beingdiscussed答案：1-5AAAAD6-10BABBCWhileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuadedTonywasveryunhappyfor____totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvitedHecametothepartywithout____,whichmadeallofussurprised.A.invitingB.beinginvitingC.havingbeeninvitedD.beinginvited4.Whatworriedthechildmostwas____tovisithismotherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeenallowed5.____inextra-curricularactivitiesgivesstudentsmanypricelesslifelongskillsthatwillbevaluabletothemforever.A.BeinginvolvedB.InvolvingC.ToinvolveD.Involve6.Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention____whenwetalkedonthephone.A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted7.Allthestaffinourcompanyareconsidering____tothecitycentreforthefashionshow.A.togoB.goingC.tohavegoneD.havinggone8.Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse____withhim.A.toargueB.arguingC.arguedD.havingargued9.Ican’tstand____withJaneinthesameoffice,assheisalwaystalking,whichdistractsmyattention.A.workingB.workC.worked D.beingworked10.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_____alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.A.livingB.toliveC.tobelivingD.havinglived答案：1-5CDDBA6-10BBBAA能力培养1.PresidentObamaclaimedthattheriseofChinacouldbeabigthreatandtheworldneeds______.(reshape)2.Althoughparentsseem_______(give)goodadvicetotheirsonsanddaughters,theirkidshavemarkedthempoorlyonbeinggoodrolemodelswhenitcomestodealingwithlife’sdifficulties.3.Doctorswarnpeoplethat_____(control)angerthroughunnaturalmethodsismuchmoreharmfultoaperson’shealththantheangeritself.4.Childrenwithbadgradescanalwaysthinkofbrilliantwaystoescape_____.(punish)5.Owingtotheadequatepreparations,theresearchteamdidnothavemuchtrouble_____(locate)thewreckedship. _____(expose)7.The“magicalapple”,whichwewishnottobethelastone_____(fascinate)us,hasinspiredtheimaginationandpassionofmillionsofpeople.8.MrWangmadeuphismindtodevoteallhecould_______(improve)hisoralEnglishbeforegoingabroad.10.Peoplearenotallowedtoenterthegardentopreventtheflowers.A.beingdestroyedB.destroying C.destroy D.todestroy答案：1-5reshaping/tobereshapedtobegivencontrollingbeingpunishedlocating6-10Beingexposedtofascinatetoimprovingtobecausedbeingdestroyed二、能力检测1.Aredlightisawarningtodriversandstaffthatanothertrainisdangerouslycloseandthatadjustmentsneed_____.A.make B.tomake C.tobemade D.made2.By_____classes,thecollegestudentsarewastingtheirparents’moneyandfailingtotreasuretheopportunitytoacquireknowledge.A.beingavoided B.toavoid C.avoiding D.avoided3.Mysonisveryshy,butcanyouimagine_______attheEnglishpartyinthepresenceofallhisclassmatesandteachers?A.himtosing B.himsinging C.himsing D.histosing4.______globaltemperaturerising,theUNClimateChangeConferencewasheldinCancun,Mexicolastyear.A.PreventedB.PreventingC.HavingpreventedD.Toprevent5.Ithasbeenprovedthat______vegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.A.eatB.tobeeatingC.eatenD.eating6._____allnightinsuchcoldweathercausedhertosufferfromahighfeverandterriblecough.A.Betty’sworking B.Bettytowork C.Bettyworked D.Bettyworking7.IhavetriedeverythingIcan_____himtostay,butwithoutsuccess,soIwishhimgoodluck.A.persuadeB.persuadingC.tobepersuadedD.topersuade8. Yourjobistomakemyworkeasier,_____itmoredifficult.notmake B.nottomake C.nottomaking D.notmaking9. Areyouworriedabout______bygroupsofunfamiliarpeoplefromforeigncountries?surrounding B.tosurrounding C.beingsurrounded D.tobesurrounded10. Manyfactorscontributeto____,butthemostdestructiveistherolethathumanshaveplayed. A.animalstodie B.dyinganimals C.animalsdiedout D.animalsdyingout11.YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhave_________thismarbleinmyhouse.A.found

B.forfinding

C.finding

D.tofind12.ThefirstblackpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,BarackObama,wontheelectionintheend,butitremains,ofcourse,_________whetherhecanovercomethepresentdifficulties.A.tosee B.seenC.seeing D.tobeseen13.Youshouldallowtwoweeksforyourvisaapplication.A.toprocessB.tobeprocessedC.processedD.tobeprocessing14.Davidapologizedfor______toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.A.hisbeingnotable B.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingable D.himtohenotable15.Medicalexpertssaythemosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofdiseaseisforpeople______theirhandswithsoapandwater.A.towash B.washed C.washing D.beingwashed16.Standingonthetopofthehill,Iwouldnotdoanythingbut______theflowingofthecloudsaroundme.A.enjoy

B.enjoying

C.enjoyed

D.toenjoy17. Thelittlegirlshowednoanxietybeforethecompetition.Sheseemed______foritprettywell.A.toprepare

B.tohaveprepared

C.havingprepared

D.tobepreparing18. ItwasfortunatethatJacknarrowlyescaped______inatrafficaccident.A.beingkilled B.killing C.tobekilled D.tokill19.Studiesshowthatdaydreamingcontributessignificantlytoconcentrationpowersandtheabilitywithothers.A.communicating B.tobecommunicatedC.tocommunicate D.tocommunicating20.WhilestayinghomeisatraditionattheSpringFestival,atripwithfamilymemberscanalsobeanicealternative.A.totake B.taking C.took D.taken21.TheGeneralBureauhasputaseverebanonTVseriesscenesofsmokingcigarettes.A.toshow B.shown C.showing D.tobeshowing22.Theplan________by2014willexpandthecity’stelephonenetworktocoverasmanyusersaspossible.A.accomplished B.beingaccomplishedC.tobeaccomplished D.havingbeenaccomplished23.Withmoreandmoretouristsinvading,lotsofplacesofinterestrequire______.A.beingrepaired B.repaired C.toberepairing D.repairing24.Thequeenbeeappears______wellinthecombbuiltbythediligentworkerbees. A.tonurse B.tobenursed C.tohavenursed D.beingnursed25.Afterfinishingthelecture,Istartedtolistentomystudent_______thesocialproblemsmentionedinmylecture.A.discussB.todiscussC.discussedD.beingdiscussed答案：1-5CCBDD6-10ADBCD11-15CDBCA16-20ABACB21-25CCDBA课后作业1.________thepatientofhisseriousillnessrisksdestroyinghishopesothathemightrecovermoreslowly. A.Tobeinformed

B.Informing

C.Informed

D.Beinginformed2.Afteraday’stiringwork,themanagerpreferstakingawalkalongtheriverbank_______himself. A.

refreshed

B.

torefreshing

C.

torefresh

D.

beingrefreshed3.______andpopulargivesoneasortoffeelingthatnothingcanreplace. A.Beingneeded B.Havingneeded C.Needing D.Tohavebeenneeded4.ThevocabularyandgrammaticaldifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglisharesotrivialandfewashardly_________. A.tobenoticed B.noticed C.beingnoticed D.tonotice5.Icanhardlyimaginesoprettygirllikeyou_________boxing.A.likeB.tolikeC.likingD.tohaveliked Asayoungstudent,herecognizedthat__________bloodrequiredverylittleworkandvirtuallynopainwhilehelpingtosavealife.A.donated B.donating C.donate D.tobedonated Wecannothelpbut________whatunknowngreatnesshumanbeingshavehasnotyetbeendiscovered.A.towonder B.wonder C.wondering D.wondered8.Onmywaybacktothehotellastnight,Ilostmywayinthecompletedarknessand,__________thingsworse,itbegantopour.A.makingB.madeC.havingmadeD.tomake9.Toavoid_______,Johnpreferrednottotellthetruththathebrokethevase.A.punishingB.topunishC.beingpunishedD.tobepunished Americanpeopleappreciate beforehandwhenyouwishtopayavisittothem. Ahigh-techparkisannounced inthisarea,butIdon'tknowwhentheprojectwillbeputintopractice.A.tohavebuilt B.tohavebeenbuilt .Ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas______________inashortperiodoftimeA.tohavebeencreated B.tobecreatedC.havingbeencreated D.beingcreated13.Mr.Crossettwasmade__________hisexperimentbecauseofhispoorhealthandoldage.A.giveup B.givingup C.togiveup D.givenup14. _______twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.A.Beingexamined B.Examined C