专题05必修一Unit4重点知识

专题05必修一Unit4根底学问一遍过重点学问突破重点单词冲关重点单词冲关1.affectvt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动[教材原句]82killed,500,000affected(P49)82人丧生,50万人受影响【词块必记】(1)beaffectedby受……的影响；被……感动beaffected/infectedby感染……疾病(2)affectionn.宠爱show/have/feelmuch/anaffectionfor...(特别)宠爱……，(特别)宠爱……(3)effectn.作用；影响haveaneffecton/uponsth对……产生影响ineffect事实上;实际上;有效的eintoeffect/takeeffect(法律、规划或制度)生效;实施ofnoeffect没有效果的;没有影响的sideeffect副作用put/bringsthintoeffect实施;实行;使生效causeandeffect因果(4effectivelyadv.有效地;实际上【即时练】[写出以下句中affect的含义]Theplaceswherewelivecanaffectourthoughtsandbehaviours.__________(2)Deeplyaffectedbythefilm,theaudiencecouldn’tholdbacktears._____________(3)Alackofexerciseleavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.___________[单句语法填空](4)AsI_________bytheshowtheWhiteSnakeLegend,Ibegantodevelopadeep________forPekingOpera.(affect)(5)Sandstormsalsoreducevisibility,________(affect)airplanesandroadtransportation.(6)[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismore__________(effect)atlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.(7)[2020·北京卷]Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmore________(effect).[写美](8)鲁迅一生创作了大量的小说，对中国文学产生了深远的影响。Duringhislifetime,LuXunwroteagreatnumberofexcellentnovels，_______________________________________．(9)IwasdeeplyaffectedbythefilmHiMomandcouldn'tholdbacktears.→______________________，Icouldn'tholdbacktears.(分词短语作状语)[小话题写作](10)交通问题不仅影响着我们的日常生活,而且也可能威逼到人们的生命。Thetrafficissuenotonly____________________,butmayalsothreatenpeople’slives.2.buryvt.掩埋；安葬[教材原句]Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震发生后不久，派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。【词块必记】(1)bury...in...把……埋到……里；使……沉醉于……buryone'sfaceinone'shands双手掩面(2)beburiedin...=Buryoneselfin(doing.)...埋头于；用心于；沉醉于【即时练】单句语法填空①Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,________(bury)herselfinthebook.②Though_________(bury)intheruinsforabout70hoursaftertheearthquake,themanmanagedtosurvive.[写美句]——句式升级Becauseheburiedhimselfinplayingtheflute,hedidn'tknowitwasraining.→③______________playingtheflute,hewasnotawareitwasraining.(现在分词短语作状语)→④__________playingtheflute,hewasnotawareitwasraining.(过去分词短语作状语)[佳句]⑤He_______________________________whenhisteamlostthegame.当他的球队输掉竞赛时，他掩面而泣。表示“用心于；致力于〞的短语还有：①beabsorbed/engagedin②bedevotedto=devoteoneselfto③belostin=loseoneselfin④focus/concentrateon⑤beimmersedin沉醉在⑥fix/concentrateone'sattentionon3.effortn.努力;困难的尝试;尽力[教材原句]Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.(P50)在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下,一个崭新的唐山在地震废墟上崛起。【词块必记】withgreateffort努力withouteffort毫不费劲地inanefforttodosth为了做某事puteffortinto(doing)sth努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth不遗余力地做某事ittakesefforttodosth做某事需要努力makeeveryefforttodosth尽全力做某事makeaneffort/effortstodosth努力做某事【即时练】【单句语法填空】①Agoodenvironmentdependsonthe______(effort)madebyeveryone.②Noonecanachieveanything_______effort.[完成句子](3)父母为孩子支配好一切,不遗余力地为他们的胜利铺路。Parentsarrangeeverythingfortheirchildrenand______________pavethewayfortheirsuccess.(4)我厌恶那些不努力的人。Idislikepeoplewhodon’t______________.(5)公司为节约资金解雇了150名工人。Thepanyhaslaidoff150workers____________________savemoney.(6)He_________________________________________(不遗余力地练习说英语)everyday.

[佳句背诵]IfIamluckyenoughtobeelected,Iwillmakeeveryefforttoserveforthebenefitofstudentsandourclub.假如我有幸中选,我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益效劳。4.supplyn.[pl.]补给品;供给(量);补给vt.供给;供给[教材原句]Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.(P52)向灾区供应的物资是从全国各地收集来的。【词块必记】(1)watersupply供水beinshortsupply供不应求asupply/suppliesof...……的供给supplyanddemand供求关系medicalsupplies医疗用品(2)supplysb/sthwithsth=supplysthtosb/sth给……供应某物[联想]表示“为某人供应某物〞的短语还有：providesb.withsth.＝providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.＝offersth.tosb.giveawaysth.tosb.[名师点津]supply作名词,表示“补给品〞时,要用复数形式,即supplies。【即时练】[单句语法填空](1)Theyusedthemoneytosupply(supply)theschoolwithnewtextbooks.

(2)Whenevershegoesoutwithherbaby,shealwaystakesalargesupplyofbabyfoodwithher.(3)Foodsupplies(supply)inthefloodstrickenareaarerunningout.(4)Duringtheoutbreakoftheepidemic,medicalmaskswere____shortsupplyineveryarea.(5)[2021·全国乙卷]Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddata________(supply)bytheWorldAtlaslistsofar.[写美]——一句多译政府在地震后已经向当地人民供应了大量的食物和衣物。(supply)(6)Thegovernment____________________________thelocalpeoplesincetheearthquakeoccurred.(7)Thegovernment________________________________________sincetheearthquakeoccurred.5.shockn.震动;令人震动的事;休克vt.(使)震动[教材原句]Peoplewereinshock—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.(P50)人们惊呆了——接着,在那天下午晚些时候,另一场大地震再次震撼了唐山。【词块必记】(1)beashockto...使……惊讶inshock震动；惊讶(2)shockedadj.震动的；惊异的beshockedat/by对……惊讶beshockedtodosth.做某事很惊讶(3)shockingadj.令人震动的(4)culturalshock文化冲突[名师点津]shock表示“惊讶;震动;令人震动的事情〞时是可数名词,表示“(身心受到的)打击;震动〞和“休克〞时是不行数名词。【即时练】[单句语法填空](1)Everyoneinthestreet________(shock)whentheyheardthenews.(2)________(shock)bytheexplosion,peopleranaboutinthestreet.(3)Hisnotpassingthefinalexamwasagreatshock________hisparents.(4)Iwasshocked________(hear)thatourfactorywouldhavetoclose.

(5)Thegreatfirewas_____greatshocktousall.(6)Weare_________(shock)thatsomanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheWenchuanearthquake.(7)Iwasshocked________(hear)thatalargenumberofpangolins(穿山甲〕werebeingkilledfortheirmedicalvalue.(8)Thenewsofhissuddendeathisso_______thateveryoneisverymuchshockedatit.(shock)[完成句子](9)他们在过去的几年里取得了惊人的成就,令很多人震动。____________________________________________________.6.suffervt.患病;蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦[教材原句]Somewerefoundalive,thoughtheyweresufferingfromterribleinjuries,butothershadalreadystoppedbreathingwhentheywerediscovered.(P51)有些人被发觉时还活着,虽然他们受了重伤,但其他人被发觉时已经停止了呼吸。【词块必记】(1)sufferpain/defeat/hardship/damage患病苦痛/失败/困难/破坏sufferfrom受……熬煎；患……病(2)sufferingn.苦痛；苦恼；让人苦痛的事sufferern.受难者；患病者【即时练】[单句语法填空](1)Amongobesechildren,about30percentalsosuffer________highlevelsofbloodsugarandfat.(2)Theoldmanissaidtohavegonethroughvarietiesof________(suffer)duringthewar.(3)Shortlyafter________(suffer)fromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.(4)Relieffoodandclothingshouldbequicklysenttothe________(suffer)fromthegreatfire.[小话题写作](5)尽管患病如此严峻的自然灾难,但只要不灰心,我们终会克服困难。______________________________________________________________________________.短语冲关短语冲关etoanend结束；终结【词块必记】attheendof在……终点；在……末端bytheendof到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)intheend最终；最终beatanend结束(2)put/bring...toanendputanendto...使……结束etoanend完成；结束(3)make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；量入为出(4)endupwith以……结束endupdoing最终在做某事【拓展练习】1.Atfirstsherefusedtoadmithermistake,butsheendedup___________(apologize)tothepublic．Therewasnodoubtthatheractingcareer___________________(即将结束〕.2.Whenourday’sworkwas________________,everybodyfelttiredandhungry.当一天工作结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。3.__________________________wehadsoldover2000tickets.到本周末为止，我们已经售完2000张票。4.Hetriedmanytimestopasstheexamand_____________hesucceeded.他尝试了许屡次，最终最终胜利通过了。2.inruins严峻受损；破败不堪；成为废墟；消灭[教材原句]Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.(P50)不到一分钟,一座大城市化为了废墟。【词块必记】(1)ruinoneself自我消灭ruinone’shope/chance/fame/future毁坏某人的盼望/时机/名誉/将来(2)inruins严峻受损;破败不堪be/lieinruins成为废墟;消灭fallintoruins成为废墟bring...toruin使……消灭;使……没落【拓展练习】(单句语法填空)1.Shortlyaftersufferingfromanearthquakeandbeingreducedto______(ruin),thecitytookonanewlook.2.Thewholetown________(ruin)bytheterriblehurricanelastnight.3.Havinggonethroughtwoworldwars,thecastlehasfallen______ruin.经受了两次世界，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。[完成句子](4)地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.(5)我们的假期被台风给毁了。Ourvacation________bythetyphoon.(6)宫殿被彻底摧毁了,而不是稍微受损,无法修复,留下的只是废墟。Thepalacewasdestroyedpletelyratherthanwasslightlydamaged,whichcan’tberepaired,____________.句式冲关句式冲关1.asif好像;好似;仿佛Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!仿佛世界即将来临！【考点必记】(1)asif表示“仿佛,好似〞,在句中引导表语从句,其意义和用法与asthough相同。常跟在特定动词后面,如seem、look、taste、sound、feel等。(2)asif引导方式状语从句时,常置于行为动词之后。(3)asif/asthough引导从句的语气:①当从句所表达的状况有明显的依据或实现的可能性比拟大时,asif引导的从句要用陈述语气。①Hurryup!Itlooksasifthetrainisgoingtomove.快点！看起来好似火车要开了。②当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不行能发生(存在)的状况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用过去完成时(haddone)与将来事实相反从句谓语动词用would/could/mightdo②ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你对我说好似是我打破的似的？[名师点津]假如asif引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样asif后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。【拓展练习】单句语法填空①Hedescribedthecharactersinthenovelasifhe_______(meet)themfacetoface.

②Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasif_________________________(好似发生在昨天).

③Itseemedasifthey_______________________(决不会有)thechanceofworkingagain.

④Heopenedhismouthasif____________(say)something.⑤Thechildtalkstousasifhe______(be)agrown­up.⑥Hetalksbig_______________________________.他夸夸其谈，好似什么都知道似的。⑦Mary’sdescriptionofthepartywassovividthatIfeltasifI________(be)there.玛丽对晚会的描述很生动,以至于我感觉好似我在那里一样。⑧Lookatthecloudsinthesky!Itlooks____________________________.看看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨。[写美]——读后续写佳句⑨[2021·浙江卷6月，读后续写]靠近房子的时候，我留意到爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，一脸哀痛。好似发生了什么不开心的事情。Uponapproachingthehouse,Inoticedmydadandmomstandingbesidetheoldtruck,lookingsad.____________________________.2.句型：bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，这时(突然)……(教材原句)Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然水开头涌入家中。beabouttodo...when...刚要做……这时(突然)……beonthepointofdoing...when...刚要做……这时(突然)……hadjustdone...when...刚做完……这时(突然)……【即时练】单句语法填空1.Shehadjustfinishedherhomework________hermotheraskedhertoplaythepiano.2.Iwasabouttogiveup________mybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.[完成句子]3.约翰正在房间里学习,突然听到了一声尖叫。John________inhisroom______heheardascream.4.我刚要放弃,这时我最好的伴侣鼓舞我连续下去。I____________________________mybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.5.她刚刚做完作业,妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。She_____________________________hermotheraskedhertopractiseplayingthepiano.[写美句]——应用文佳句6.[浙江卷，写作]上周一，我正在街上漫步?????，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。LastMonday,I____________________________Isuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.7.2001年的一天，贾晓玲和她的母亲在骑自行车时被一辆车撞倒。Onedayin2001,JiaXiaolingandhermom______________________________________.重点单词冲关重点单词冲关1.affect【即时练】答案:(1)影响(2)(感情上)深深打动(3)(疾病)侵袭,使感染(4)wasaffectedaffection(5)affecting(6)effective(7)effectively(8)allofwhichhaveaprofoundeffectonChineseliterature(9)DeeplyaffectedbythefilmHiMom(10)affectsoureverydaylife2.bury【即时练】答案:①burying②buried③Buryinghimselfin④Buriedin⑤buriedhisfaceinhishandsandwept3.supply【即时练】答