2023年研究生类研究生入学考试专业课中国科学院硕士英语历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年研究生类研究生入学考试专业课中国科学院硕士英语历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Debtandthedestructionofwarhavebroughtmajoreconomicsetbacks,______damagetosocialservicesandhumansuffering.A.apartfromB.asgoodasC.exceptforD.ratherthan2.ByanalyzingthemodernexpansionofWesternculture,thisarticleconcludesthatitisofpracticalsignificanceto______thedominantpositionofChinesenationalculture.A.recallB.retortC.restoreD.retard3.Autobiographicaladvertisingcan______consumers'pastmemoriesabouttheproductorbrand.A.exaggerateB.excavateC.extractD.evoke4.This______isanationalprizeandisawardedforthebestscorebyaplayerunder16yearsofage.A.trophyB.treatC.trifleD.tribute5.Dreamsare______inthemselves,but,whencombinedwithotherdata,theycantellusmuchaboutthedreamer.A.uninformativeB.startlingC.harmlessD.uncontrollable6.HehasalwaysbeenasourceofinspirationtomeandIhopethathewilltakeitasa______whenIsaythat.A.compassionB.complimentC.complicationD.supplement7.Theresearchersfoundtheageatwhichyoungpeoplefirstfall______tobulliesseemstodeterminehowmuchitaffectsthem.A.sacrificeB.shortC.witnessD.victim8.Hecannot______thefactthathewaslateagainfortheconferenceattheuniversityyesterday.A.contributetoB.accountforC.identifywithD.leaveout9.InsomeCaliforniahousingestates,akeyaloneisinsufficienttogetsomeoneinthedoor;hisorhervoiceprintmustalsobe______.A.duplicatedB.perceivedC.acquiredD.verified10.ItmustbemuchtougherthanIrealized,______onjust10,000Yuanayear.A.gettingbyB.gettingawayC.gettingaroundD.gettingalong11.Between1981and1987,thenumberofpermanentjobshadincreasedbyonly1,000,althoughtraininghasbeensubstantially______bythecorporation.A.boostedB.curtailedC.plungedD.expended12.TOPIC

ShouldtherebetwofocusesavailableinChinesehighschools(humanityfocusandsciencefocus)?Pleasegivespecificreasonstosupportyourargument.13.We______ourvoicedependingonthecircumstances,particularlyinrelationshiptobackgroundnoise.A.improveB.modulateC.rectifyD.temper14.To______Americandollarsintoforeigncurrency,multiplytheamountbytherateofexchange.A.computeB.conveyC.convictD.convert15.Topic

Whendoyouthinkisthebesttimeforacollegecandidatetodecideonhismajor:beforegoingtocollegeorwhileenrolledincollege?Provideyourreasonsandsupportingdetails.16.TheAssociationofUniversityTeachersclaimsthattaxpayers'money,______forbasicresearch,isbeingusedtopropupindustrialandotherappliedresearchprojects.A.designedB.engagedC.orientedD.intended17.Researchersarelookingfornewwaysto______theproblem.A.abridgeB.approachC.condenseD.dispose18.TOPIC

Doyouagreethathistoryrepeatsitself?Provideexamplestosupportyourviewpoints.19.The______inoursoapsshouldcomeonlyfromessentialoils,whicharesteamedorpressedfromplants.A.scentsB.scenariosC.scenesD.scales20.Wealthynationshavefallenfarbehindontheiraid______totheworld'spoor.A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications21.Asolutionmustbefoundthatdoesn't______toomanypeopleinthisgroup,otherwiseitcannotwork.A.arouseB.offendC.spurD.violate22.Weshouldmakeaclear______between"competent"and"proficient"forthepurposesofourdiscussion.A.separationB.divisionC.distinctionD.difference23.InChina,althoughpeopleinmanyregionsearnmuchlessthanthoseinprosperousregions,theyalsopaymuchlessfor______commodities,suchashousing.A.disposableB.redundantC.equivalentD.interchangeable24.Evenat87,John'smother-in-lawhas______herphysicalenergyandyouthfulattitude.A.resolvedB.retainedC.retardedD.restrained25.Operationswhichleftpatients______andinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.A.ignoredB.exhaustedC.desertedD.alienated26.Apparentlytherewere______betweenpolicereportstakenfromthesamewitnessesatdifferenttimes.A.distortionsB.discrepanciesC.disordersD.distractions27.ObamareiteratedhiscalltodayforRepublicansandDemocratsto______theirdifferencesinthefaceoftheeconomiccrisis.A.leanonB.leakoutC.leaveoutD.layaside28.Inthefinalanalysis,itisour______ofdeathwhichdecidesouranswerstoallthequestionsthatlifeputstous.A.conceptionB.deceptionC.receptionD.presentation29.Somechildrenhaveamazedtheworldsincetheirbirthwiththeirincredibleintellectandabilitieswhichcanattimes______eventhebrightestofadults.A.outdoB.overtakeC.contendD.enhance30.Thecurrentfinancialcrisis______aholistic,globalapproachtodealwithallissues.A.criesoutforB.getsholdofC.boilsdowntoD.goesinfor31.Francewillloweritstaxrateonfoodanddrinksatrestaurantsinhopesof______touristsandlocalstostrugglingcafes,whichmeansasavingof$7.05ona$50meal.A.usheringB.initiatingC.luringD.trapping32.TheJapanesePrimeMinister's______isaseatontheUNSecurityCouncil,forwhichhewillbelobbyingatthesummit.A.precedenceB.promiseC.priorityD.procedure33.Thelocalauthoritiesrealizedtheneedtomake______forelderlypeopleintheirhousingprogrammes.A.preparationB.requirementC.specificationD.provision34.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk______.A.honestlyB.graciouslyC.coherentlyD.flexibly35.Whenbuyingfood,consumersareusuallyinahurry,sotheydon'toften______descriptionsformotivatingthemtomakeachoice.A.coverupB.getinC.goafterD.lingerover36.Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.UsetheproperspaceonyourANSWERSHEETⅡ.

TOPIC

Peoplewhoclaimtohavesupernaturalpowers,likeWangLin,YanXinandmanyothers,havecomeandgoneinthepastfewdecadesandhavealwayshadalargefollowing.Whatconclusionmaybedrawnfromthisphenomenon?37.Theseresultsshouldnotbetakenatface______—carefulanalysisisrequiredtoassesstheirfullimplications.A.revenueB.expenseC.priceD.value38.Theyseekto______thelong-termgoalsforwhatmusiceducationoughttobeinoursociety.A.setoutB.setinC.setapartD.setback39.Itwillbeveryhelpfulifparentshaveseentheschoolenvironmentandknowwhatkindoftaskstheschoolwill______onthedailylifeoftheirchild.A.composeB.imposeC.disposeD.expose40.______inflation,drivenbyrisingfoodandoilcosts,isstrikinghardestattheworld'sverypoor,whoareforcedtospend60to80percentoftheirincomeonfood.A.SurgingB.SproutingC.SpillingD.Spinning41.BuildingtheBird'sNestcallsforgiantcurvingbeamswhichcrisscrossinan______patternofwovensteel.A.intuitiveB.intensiveC.intrinsicD.intricate42.Avarietyofproblemshavegreatly______thecountry'snormaleducationaldevelopment.A.impededB.impartedC.imploredD.implemented43.Heusedto______hisparentstohelpwiththeexpenses.A.countonB.takeinC.lookintoD.getover44.Abruptlythegroundfellawayfromourfeet,andan______voidopenedbeforeus.A.anxiousB.audibleC.awesomeD.amiable45.Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore______thanthewoodenbox.A.terminalB.durableC.persistentD.bearable46.Theguestteamwasbeatenbythehostteam2______4inlastyear'sCFACupFinal.A.overB.inC.toD.against47.Didtheentertainerpreparehisjokesbeforetheprogram,or______themashewentalong?A.envisageB.visualizeC.improviseD.mediate48.Inthe1970s,hebecameatirelesspromoterforthedrugasacurefordepression—whichheoncesufferedfrom—andother______.A.ailmentsB.therapiesC.tollsD.addictions49.Manyanimalsareonthe______ofdisappearingfromthefaceoftheearthandzooscanprovidethemwithasafeplacetoliveandbreed.A.rangeB.vergeC.partD.link50.IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI______missedtheplane.A.onlyB.quiteC.narrowlyD.seldom第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：A2.参考答案：C3.参考答案：D[解析]A项“exaggerate”意为“夸张，夸大”；B项“excavate”意为“挖空，挖掘”；C项“extract”意为“(费力地)取出；采掘，提炼”；D项“evoke”意为“唤起，引起；使人想起”。句子是说广告引起消费者的回忆，因此选择D。4.参考答案：A5.参考答案：A[解析]各选项的含义分别为：“不提供信息(或资料)的，不增进知识的”；“令人吃惊的”；“无害的”和“无法控制的”。从句子的转折关系可轻易判断出答案为A。6.参考答案：B7.参考答案：D四个名词选项中：sacrifice(牺牲)一般与make搭配；short可以与fall搭配，但一般是fallshortof的形式，意思是“不足，达不到(目标)，不符合”；witness证人，目击者，证词，一般不与fall搭配；victim受害人，牺牲者，可做fall的宾语。正确答案是victim。8.参考答案：B9.参考答案：D[解析]A项“duplicate”意为“复制”；B项“perceive”意为“感知，感受”；C项“acquire”意为“取得，获得”：D项“verify”意为“证明，证实，核实，查清”。本句是说需要验证他们的声音，因此选择D。10.参考答案：A[解析]本题考查词义辨析。本句意为：这比我想的还要严峻，每年仅10000元。A：通过，过得去，过活，获得认可；B：外出度假，离开；C：出行；D：和睦相处。因此，本题选A。11.参考答案：A[解析]A项，“boost”意为“促进，提高”；B项，“curtail”意为“剪短，截短”；C项，“plunge”意为“把……投入，使突然陷入”；D项，“expend”意为“花费，花销”，由句意可知，公司的培训项目得到了显著的提高，因此选择A。12.参考答案：[参考例文]

ShouldThereBeTwoFocusesAvailableinChineseHighSchools?

Nowadaysahottopicisdiscussedfromtimetotimethatiswhetherthereshouldbetwofocuses—humanityfocusandsciencefocus--availableinourhighschooleducation．Twokindsofvoicescanbeheard．Oneisthathumanityandscienceshouldbecombined，whiletheotheristhattheyshouldbeseparated．

Thefollowingreasonswouldaccountforwhywearesupposedtocombinehumanityandscience．Ontheonehand，itisessentialforustolearnhumanity—focusedknowledgeifwe'dliketohaveathoroughunderstandinginthebackgroundofhistory，geographyandthewholesociety．Andwhat'smore，humanity—focusedknowledgewouldfurtherpromotethespreadofscienceratherthancomeintoconflictwithit．becauseourvisionisabletobecomemoreextensivethroughhumanity—focusedlearning．Ontheotherhand，humandevelopmentcallnotbeseparatedfromscience—orienteddisciplines．Becauseofit，humansocietyhasexperiencedanunprecedenteddevelopmentandelectricity，net，mobile-phoneandotheradvanceddevicesbecomeapartofourdailylife．

Althoughthebenefitfromthecombinationofhumanityandsciencecanbeseenclearly．therearedifferentvoicesfromthemajorityofparentsandstudents．Theyholdtheideathatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentcircumstances，suchasvariousadvantages，Sotheyoughttomakefulluseoflimitedtimeandenergytodowhattheyaregoodat．

Asforme．I'meagertoacquireasmuchknowledgeaspossibleincludingscienceandhumanitysothatIwillenjoyasolidfoundationformyfurtherstudy．13.参考答案：B14.参考答案：D15.参考答案：

[参考范文]

BestTimetoDecideonYourMajor

InChina，duetotheconventionaleducationsystem，collegecandidateshavetodecideODtheirmajorafewdaysaftertheEntranceE．xaminationforcollege，withadvicesfromconcernedparentsandhighschoolteachers．Itisalittletooearlyinmywayofthinkingasaseriousdecisionfora17orsotomake．

Friendsofmine--collegesurvivors，admittedtheirignoranceofthefuturemajorsbackthenthoughthey'dmadethechoice．Firstthingontheirmindwastofillouttheapplicationformsbythedateofsubmission，whichmadethedifferencebetweenmajorslikeHeatEnergy&PowerEngineeringandHeat&ElectricalEngineeringlessimportant，plustheremustbechancestotransformtootherfieldsevenafterleavingschool．Thereweremanyotherswhotookthedecisionreallyserious；theyspentdaysonsearchinginformationabouttheavailablesubjects，andaskingthosewho'dbeenthereforadvices．butthisdidn'talways1eadtoasuccessfulchoice，six-yearmiddleschoolexperiencemighthasfocustheirsightscompletelyontheentranceexamination，andworkingadultstendedtotalkthecollegecandidatesintohotmajors，suchasinternationaltrade，businessadministrationthoughtheyhadnorighttodecideonother'schoice．

Arelativelymatureattitudeshouldbeformedwhenitcomestomakinglifechoice，tostophastydecisionsmadeintheBlackJulyeachyear．ItiSmorereasonableforthecandidatestodecideontheirmajorwhileenrolledincollegewherethereareprofessionaladviserswhoknowaboutalltheacademicprogramsandarededicatedtohelpingstudents，andwhenyouhavesomerealideaforyourfuturecareer．16.参考答案：D[解析]句子的大意为：大学教师协会表示，本来纳税人的钱是打算用于基础研究的，现在钱用于工业和其他应用领域的研究项目。A项designed“计划，筹划”；B项engaged“雇用，从事”；C项oriented“使确定位置”；D项intended“意欲，打算”。所以D项符17.参考答案：B18.参考答案：Iagreethathistoryrepeatsitself.Lotsofexamplesinthehistorycanjustifythisargument,amongwhichIwillonlychooseafewhere.

Thepastisnotjustancientincidentsthatsitquietlyinatextbook.Ourhistoryisalivingpartofourselves.Carefulstudyofthepastcanhelpusunderstandthatourpresentsituationsaresimilartoourpast,forhistoryisacontinuousprocess.Althoughfromamicroscopicperspective,humansocietyissocomplicatedthatitseemsimpossibletorepeatthepast.Itisundeniablethatduringdifferenthistoricalstages,people'sconditionsofmateriallife,socialmores,andcustoms,varyalot.However,ifweexaminehumanhistoryfromamacroscopicperspective,wecanfindthathumanhistorytendstocomeincycles,oftenproblemsandissuesreturnthatsharestrikingsimilaritieswitheventsinthepast.Indeedmanyoftoday'sproblemsmayhavemanifestedthemselvesinsomesimilarwaysinthepast.TakeancientChinesehistoryasanexample.Everydynastyinthehistoryhasundergoneaprocessofstartingfrombirth,flourishingandthendeclining.Eacholddynastywasthenoverthrownandreplacedbyanewone,whichhasbeenshownclearlyinTang,Song,Yuan,MingandQingDynasties.

Whydidthishappen?InviewofMarx'sHistoricalMaterialism,historyiscreatedbypeople,andtheeconomicalbasisdeterminesthesuperstructureofasociety.Ifweanalyzetheeconomicalbasisofeachdynasty,wewillfindthereasonsbehindthesevicissitudes.Usuallyatthebeginningofanewdynasty,therulerswouldorganizethecountryreasonablytomakepeoplerelaxfromthepasttumults,andthesocietygraduallydevelopedintoaprosperousperiod.Theninthisprosperoussociety,somepeoplebecamemuchricherandtheyboughtmorelandstohiremorepeopletoworkasfarmers.Asmorelandlordsexploitedthefarmers'labor,thegapbetweentherichandthepoorwaswidenedandscaledtosuchalimitthatthepoorfeltlivingwasmoremiserablethandeath.Hencetheuprisingtookplace,makingthecurrentdynastycomingtoanend.Anewdynastythenappearedintheruinsoftheoldone,repeatingthesameprocess.

Therefore,historydoesrepeatitself,althoughthisrepetitionisnotasimpleone.Understandingthepastisacrucialwaytosolvetheproblemsofthepresentandthefuture.这是一道哲学思辨题。由于需要进行一番抽象的思辨论证，考生的逻辑思维过程要清晰，分析要中肯。正如题目中所要求的，同时也需辅以具体的例证。事实上，写作这个题目本就离不开对具体例子的分析，因为这里讨论的是“历史”，而历史总是由过去的一些具体事例所组成。历史是否总是在重复?观点可以见仁见智，关键是如何来证明观点。哲学思辨类题目，一般要求考生平时有较为广博的知识积累，否则会有“巧妇难为无米之炊”之感。在写作的结构方面，文章需要构思明晰，布局合理，论点明确，论述充分。在语言方面，注意句式变化、表达的多样化，尤其要求准确地运用逻辑关联词来连接段落和句子。19.参考答案：A[解析]B项意为“情节，事态”；C项意为“场面，事件，布景”；D项意为“规模，比率，刻度”。这三项用在题中均不成立。A项意为“香味，气味”，与句意相符。20.参考答案：A[解析]根据句中“援助世界贫困地区的承诺”可知，只有A项符合题意。commitments意为“委托事项，许诺，承担义务”。根据题意可知，A项为正确答案。21.参考答案：B[解析]A项，“arouse”意为“使奋发，引起、唤起、激起”；B项，“offend”意为“冒犯，得罪，使生气”；C项，“spur”意为“促进、激励”；D项，“violate”意为“违反，违背，违犯”，由句意可知，“不能得罪太多人”，因此选择B。22.参考答案：C[解析]make/drawadistinctionbetween是固定搭配，表示“对……加以区别”(如：Adistinctionshouldbemadebetweentheprimaryandsecondarycontradictions．要区分主要矛盾和次要矛盾。)为正确答案。而makeadifferencebetween(区别对待)不符合题意。23.参考答案：C[解析]题意为“相对于富裕地区，收入较低地区生活的人们为……样的商品付更便宜的价钱，比如房子”。A项意为“可任意处理的，一次性使用的”，房子显然不是这样的商品；B项意为“多余的，过剩的”；D项意为“可交换的”，也与句意不符；C项意为“相同的，相等的”，C为正确答案。24.参考答案：B[解析]根据句中“体力保持得不错、心态保持年轻”可知，只有B项符合题意。retained意为“保持，保留”。从句首的Even可以推知，是对前后内容进行了对比，因此B项为正确答案。25.参考答案：B[解析]本题考查词义辨析。句意为：手术会造成患者疲惫。经过很长的恢复期后，现在他们感觉轻松和舒适。A：忽略，不顾，不理会；B：耗尽，用尽，使……精疲力尽；C：荒芜的，被遗弃的；D：疏远的，被疏远的。因此，本题选B。26.参考答案：Bdistortions扭曲，变形；discrepancies相差，差异；disorders混乱，无秩序状态；distractions分心，分心的事物。根据句子大意，应该选discrepancies。27.参考答案：D[解析]本题考查词义辨析。句意为：面对经济危机时，奥巴马今天再次呼吁共和党人和民主党人搁置分歧。A：依赖，靠在……上；B：泄漏，漏出；C：遗漏，省去，不考虑；D：搁置，储蓄，留存。结合各个选项的意思可知，本题选D。28.参考答案：A[解析]A项，“conception”意为“思想，观念，想法”；B项，“deception”意为“欺骗”；C项，“reception”意为“接待，迎接，欢迎”；D项，“presentation”意为“赠送，呈现”，由句意可知，空格处应为“对待死亡的想法”，因此选择A。29.参考答案：A30.参考答案：A[解析]A选项：criesoutfor“迫切需要”，如：Allthesethingscryoutforcarefulplanning．(所有这些事情都迫切需要作出细致的计划。)句意：当前的金融危机迫切需要一个全球一体化的方法来应对所有的问题。故选A。

其他三项意思分别是：getsholdof找到某物以供使用，找到某人；boilsdownto简化为，归结为；goesinfor从事，支持。31.参考答案：C[解析]A项“ushering”意为“引，领；招待”；B项“initiating”意为“开始，创始”；C项“luring”意为“吸引，引诱，诱惑”；D项“trapping”意为“设陷阱捕捉”。本句是说降低税率吸引游客，因此选择C。32.参考答案：C考形近词辨析。precedence是“(事情发生的)先后次序”；promise是“誓言，允诺，保证”，指答应别人能做到某事；priority是“优先，重点”，指优先考虑的事或值得优先注意的事；procedure是“过程，步骤”，在此也可以排除。根据句子意思，应选C。33.参考答案：D[解析]本题考查固定搭配。makepreparationsfor表示“为……做准备”；makeprovisionfor指“为……做好准备，为……预先采取措施”，着重指提前做出的准备。如：tomakeprovisionforthefuture准备日后之需。不说makerequirement/specificationfor。因此，答案为D。34.参考答案：C35.参考答案：D36.参考答案：WangLin,aQigongmasterwhoclaimstohavesupernaturalpower,hasalargefollowinginChinanowadays.Manypeople,evensomehighofficialsorcelebrities,cometovisitWangLin,buthehasfinallybeenprovedtobeacheat.Oneconclusionmaybedrawnfromthisphenomenon:people'sscientificthinkingstillneedstobeenhanced.

Whensomemysteriousphenomenaoccurinsociety,ordinarypeopletendtobelieveitwithoutcriticalthinkingorscientificreasoning.WangLin,theso-calledQigongmaster,wasactuallyplayingsometricksbeforethepublic.Thesupernaturalpowerheclaimedtopossesswasactuallyahypnosis,whichhehadtakenadvantageoftocontroltheaudience'spsychology.Afterasuccessfulshow,heclaimedtopossessasupernaturalpowerwhichcouldhelppeopletoachievesuccesseasily.Thishasgreatlycateredtopeople'sunconsciousdesiretotakeashortcuttosucceed,orgetrichovernight.Thepromiseofsuccessbroughtthemaverygoodfeeling,andhencecausedthemtoturnablindeyetothefactthatWangLin'sshowofsupernaturalpowerwasactuallyamagicshow.

Fordecades,Chinesepeoplehavetende