2023年自考类英语自考外语教学法历年高频考题带答案难题附详解卷

2023年自考类英语自考外语教学法历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Accordingtothemonitorhypothesis,acquisitionenablesthespeakertoproduceutterancesandisresponsiblefor______.2.AlthoughKrashenandTerrellclaimthatlanguageisa______forcommunication,theyconsiderlanguagelearningasmasteryofstructuresbystages.3.ThetheoryoflearningunderlyingtheGrammer-TranslationMethodwas______.A.FacultyPsychologyB.GestaltPsychologyC.BehaviouralPsychologyD.CognitivePsychology4.______isconsideredasthefatherofAmericanstructuralism.A.FranzBoasB.EdwardSapirC.LeonardBloomfieldD.NoamChomsky5.TheCommunicativeApproachlaysemphasisonlearningtocommunicatethrough______inthetargetlanguage.A.listeningandnote-takingB.interactionC.roleplayD.oralpresentation6.AccordingtoSkinner,awell-knownbehavioristpsychologist,______,wasmuchmoreeffectivethan______inateachingsituation.A.reward...reasoningB.reward...punishmentC.reasoning...rewardD.reasoning...punishment7.Accordingtothecommunicativeviewoflanguage,theprimaryfunctionoflanguageisfor______andcommunication.8.TheNaturalApproachconsiders______asthemostimportantelementofanylanguageteachingprogram.9.ThetheoryoflearningunderlyingtheDirectMethodincludesthatlanguageandthe______worldaredirectlyassociated.10.TheDirectMethodteachersbelievethatdirectassociationof______isofgreatimportanceinlanguageteaching.A.pronunciationandspellingB.wordsandspellingC.wordsandgrammarD.formandmeaning11.Whatarethefourcharacteristicsofacommunicativeviewoflanguageandhowaretheyrelatedtothetheoryoflearningunderlyingthesameapproach?12.WhatisthebasictheoryofGestaltpsychology?13.______wasPalmer's,therepresentativeoftheOralApproach,coremethodologicalprinciple.14.ThebookLanguagewaswrittenby______in1933.A.LeonardBloomfieldB.EdwardSapirC.HaroldPalmerD.DanielJones15.Palmerinsistedtherewasabasicdifferencebetweenthe______capacitiesofhumanbeingsandthetrainedor"studial"capacitiesoftheclassroomlearner.16.Communicativeactivitieshavethreefeatures:informationgap,______andfeedback.17.Accordingtosomefunctionallinguists,someutterancehasnomeaningatallifitisoutofthecontextof______.18.Accordingtothefacultypsychologists,understandingandmemorizationofcomplicatedgrammaticalrulesoflanguageswereregardedasimportantmeansofdeveloping______.19.MeaningfullearningproposedbytheCognitiveApproachdrawsonthestudents'______whichwillmakelearningmoreeffective.20.ReviewthetenetsofKrashen'sInputHypothesis.21.WhatisconsideredthebestwaytoteachspeakingintheNaturalApproach?22.The______Methodplacesemphasisonrepetition,drills,positivereinforcementofcorrectlanguageproductionandextensiveuseoflanguagelab.23.B.F.Skinnerwasregardedastheleaderof______.24.IntheOralApproach,Palmerinsistedthattherewasabasicdifferencebetweenthespontaneouscapacitiesofhumanbeingsto______languagenaturallyandunconsciouslyandthetrainedor"situational"capacitiesoftheclassroomlearnerwhichallowedhimtolearnlanguageconsciously.25.WhattheChineseteachersandtheChineselearnersneedisnotblindapplicationofforeignmethods,noriseclecticism,but______.26.TheadvocatesoftheOralApproachbelievedthatelementsinalanguagewere______,whichmeansthatlowerlevelsystemsofwordclassesledtohigherlevelsystemsofphrasesandsentences.27.______and______areemphasizedbytheOralApproach.28.TheTotalPhysicalResponsewasdevelopedby______.A.JamesAsherB.CalebGattegnoC.CharlesCurrenD.GeorgiLozanov29.Shouldthecommissionoferrorsbepreventedasmuchaspossible?Whyorwhynot?30.The______developedasanalternativeinresponsetothecriticismsleveledagainstaudiolingualism.A.CognitiveApproachB.NaturalApproachC.CommunicativeApproachD.OralApproach31.Appropriacyoflanguageusehastobeconsideredalongsideaccuracy.Whatimplicationsdoesthishaveforattitudestoerrors?32.InanAudiolingualMethodclass,theteachingoflisteningcomprehension,pronunciation,grammar,andvocabularyareallrelatedtothedevelopmentoforal______.33.Themodempsychologyfoundedby______laidthepsychologicalfoundationfortheDirectMethod.A.HermannPaulB.W.M.WundtC.J.Ａ.ComeniusD.F.Gouin34.AccordingtotheNaturalApproach,the______forbothcomprehensionandproductionisconsideredcriticalintheconstructionandinterpretationofmessages.35.TheAudiolingualMethoddevelopstheseparationofthelanguage______intoapedagogicaldevice,thatis,listening,speaking,readingandwriting.36.Doyouthinkthat,insecondlanguageacquisition,acquisitionwillcontinuetohappenforadults?Whyorwhynot?37.Hallidayclaimedthatlanguagehas______meaning.A.formalandcontextualB.functionalandstructuralC.linguisticandnon-linguisticD.descriptiveandprescriptive38.Chomskynotedthedistinctionbetweenlinguistic______andlinguisticperformance.39.Thegenerativelinguistisinterestednotonlyindescribinglanguagebutasloin______language.Inotherwords,theyattempttofindthe______aswellasthewhyinthestudyoflanguage.40.ThebasicprincipleoftheNaturalApproachisthedistinctionKrashenhasdrawnbetweenlanguageacquisitionandlanguage______.41.______startedthefirsttrainingcourseforteachersofEnglishasaforeignlanguagein1932.A.MichaelWestB.LawrenceFaucettC.HaroldPalmerD.Ｃ.Ｅ.Eckersley42.The______referstoanapproachtolanguageteachingdevelopedbyBritishappliedlinguistsfromthe1920stothe1960s.A.Grammar-TranslationMethodB.CognitiveApproachC.OralApproachD.AudiolingualMethod43.Shouldthecommissionoferrorsbepreventedasmuchaspossible?Whyorwhynot?44.TheaffectivefilterhypothesisofKrashen'sMonitorModelstatesthatacquirerswith______affectivefilterseekandreceivemorecomprehensibleinput.A.lowB.averageC.highD.veryhigh45.TherearesevenfunctionsthatlanguageperformsforchildrenlearningtheirfirstlanguagedescribedbyHalliday.Listatleastfiveofthem.46.______isthecenterofKrashen'ssecondlanguagelearningtheory.A.ThemonitormodelB.Thelearning/acquisitiondistinctionC.Theaffective-filterhypothesisD.Thenaturalorderhypothesis47.The______Approachemphasizesondictation,imitationandcontrolledoral-basedreadingandwritingtasks.48.TheAudiolingualMethodwasdevelopedin______duringtheSecondWorldWar.A.BritainB.theU.SC.FranceD.Germany49.Traditionallinguisticswasstartedin______.A.3thcenturyB.5thcentury

Ｂ.Ｃ.C.7thcenturyＢ.Ｃ.D.15thcentury50.Withregardtosyllabusdesign,theCommunicativeApproachemphasizes______.A.teachingmaterialsB.learningenvironmentC.thelengthofthecourseD.learners'needs第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：fluency[解析]监控假设认为语言习得与学习者的流利度密切相关。2.参考答案：vehicle[解析]自然法是克拉申(Krashen)和特雷尔(Terrell)提出的一种教学法。其强调自然的语言交际而不是规范的语法学习。克拉申和特雷尔认为语言是一种用来交流意义的载体。尽管如此他们还是把语言学习看作是逐步掌握语言结构的过程。3.参考答案：A[解析]语法翻译法的学习理论是机能心理学(Facultypsychology)，语言理论是传统语言学理论。B格式塔心理学产生于20世纪20年代，是由德国心理学家韦特墨、考夫卡和勒文等人所创立。C行为主义心理学，代表人物斯金纳(Skinner)，行为主义心理学家认为语言是一套语言习惯，这种语言习惯是通过确认并强化刺激(Stimulus)与反应(Response)之间的联系而形成的。D认知心理学代表人物是皮亚杰，研究各种知识体系的本质和学习过程(natureandlearning)，特别注重对思维、感知、理解、记忆和学习等心理活动过程的研究。4.参考答案：C[解析]美国语言学家布鲁姆菲尔德被认为是美国结构主义语言学之父。5.参考答案：B[解析]交际法强调通过使用目标语进行交流去学习交际技能。6.参考答案：B[解析]美国行为主义心理学家斯金纳认为，在教学实践中奖励往往比惩罚更加有效。因此，在使用听说法的课堂教学中，教师要对学生每一次正确的表现加以肯定和表扬，要精心设计每一个句型以便学生在操练句型时尽可能少犯错误，使学生有成就感。7.参考答案：interaction[解析]交际语言学观点认为语言的基本功能是互动(interaction)和交流(communication)。8.参考答案：input[解析]语言输入假设试图回答了人们是如何习惯语言这一关键的问题。这一假设认为人们习得语言的唯一途径——理解信息，即接受“可理解的输入”。自然法认为语言输入(input)是任何一种语言教学大纲中最重要的部分。9.参考答案：physical[解析]直接法的学习理论中认为语言和物质世界是直接联系的。10.参考答案：D[解析]在直接法教学家看来，外语学习与母语习得是类同的，他们常常用联想主义心理学(associationistpsychology)来解释所涉及的学习过程。根据德国学者弗兰克的心理学原理，应当把目标语的语言形式(form)和意思(meaning)直接联系起来。因此直接联系(directassociation)也是直接法的一个教学技巧，教师在讲授新的语言材料时，把表义和外语直接联系起来。因此排除A、B、C。11.参考答案：Acommunicativeviewoflanguagehasthefollowingfourcharacteristics:

(1)Languageisasystemfortheexpressionofmeaning.

(2)Theprimaryfunctionoflanguageisforinteractionandcommunication.

(3)Thestructureoflanguagereflectsitsfunctionalandcommunicativeuses.

(4)Theprimaryunitsoflanguagearenotmerelyitsgrammaticalandstructuralfeatures,butcategoriesoffunctionalandcommunicativemeaningasexemplifiedindiscourse.

Sofarastheoryoflearningisconcerned,meaningisemphasizedmorethanthelearningofstructure.Learnersareofferedavarietyofactivitiestogetinvolvedinnegotiationinmakingchoicesanddecisions.Besides,languageneedstobestudiedinthesocialcontextofitsuse.12.参考答案：Gestaltpsychologyappearedinthe1920s.Itsresearchwasfocusedontheareaofperception,aimingattheexplorationoftherelationshipbetweenpartsandwholeinpeople'sperceptionalexperience.Itclaimedthatpeopleperceivedobjectsandscenesasorganizedwholesbeforetheynoticedtheircomponentparts.ThewordGestaltmeans"organizedshape"or"wholeform"inEnglish.13.参考答案：Habit-formation[解析]Palmer1921年ThePrinciplesoflanguageStudy一书中就提出语言教学和学习的基本原则，其中核心方法论原则是来源于行为主义的习惯形成(habit-formation)。14.参考答案：A[解析]美国结构主义代表Bloomfield在1933年出版其代表作Language，详细陈述了他语言学的观点和原则。15.参考答案：spontaneous[解析]PalmerinsistedthereWasabasicdifferencebetweenthespontaneouscapacitiesofhumanbeingsandthetrainedor"studial"capacitiesoftheclassroomlearner.

帕尔默是口语法的奠基人，他坚持认为，人们自然的、无意识的习得语言(acquiredlanguage)的自发能力(spontaneouscapacities)与学生通过训练或“学习”得到的能力(trainedor"studial"capacities)之间有着根本的不同，他认为：自发能力在习得口语的过程中被得到充分发挥，而学得的能力则是培养读写能力所需要的。16.参考答案：choice[解析]交际活动的特点包括信息沟、选择和反馈。17.参考答案：situation[解析]功能语言学家认为，每一字的意思在很大程度上都取决于其语境，一旦脱离语境，话便无意义。18.参考答案：mentality[解析]语法翻译法所依据的学习理论是机能心理学(FacultyPsychology)。机能心理学家认为，理解和记忆各种语言的复杂语法规则被认为是发展脑力的重要途径。19.参考答案：experience[解析]认知法强调有意义的学习，有意义的学习可以结合学生的经验从而使学习更有效。20.参考答案：Krashen'sInputHypothesisassumesthathumansacquirelanguageinonlyoneway--byunderstandingmessages,orbyreceiving"comprehensibleinput",whichreferstoutterancethatthelearnerunderstandsbasedonthecontextinwhichtheyareusedaswellasthelanguageinwhichtheyarephrased.Inlanguageacquisition,wemovefromi,ourcurrentlevel,toi+1,thenextlevelalongthenaturalorder,byunderstandinginputcontainingi+1.Theinputhypothesisrelatestoacquisition,nottomeaning.Comprehensionishelpedbythesituationandthecontext,extralinguisticinformationandknowledgeoftheworld.Aftertheacquirerhasbuiltuplinguisticcompetencebyunderstandinginput,theabilitytospeakfluentlywillemergeindependentlyintime.Itcannotbetaughtdirectly.Enoughcomprehensioninputprovidesi+1automatically.21.参考答案：ThebestwaytoteachspeakingintheNaturalApproachistofocusonlisteningandspokenfluencywillemergeonitsown.22.参考答案：Audiolingual[解析]听说法的教学步骤是认别(Recognition)、模仿和复述(Imitationandrepetition)、句型操练(Patterndrills)、补充练习(Follow-upactivities)，其间一旦学生犯了错误，教师会立刻纠正其错误来强化学习，听说法的特点之一就是语言实验室的引入。23.参考答案：behaviourism[解析]听说法结合了结构主义语言学理论(Structurallinguistictheory)、耳口法的教学程序(Aural-oralprocedures)和行为主义心理学的教学法(Behavioristpsychology)。其中美国行为主义心理学家斯金纳(Skinner)1957年在题为《言语行为》一书中，他把条件反射理论运用到人类习得语言的方式中去，即刺激——反应——强化的过程。24.参考答案：acquire[解析]习惯形成是帕尔默教学法原则的核心，他坚持认为，人们自然的、无意识的习得语言(acquiredlanguage)的自发能力(spontaneouscapacities)与学生通过训练或“学习”得到的能力(trainedor"situational"capacities)之间有着根本的不同，他认为：自发能力在习得口语的过程中被得到充分发挥，而学得的能力则是培养读写能力所需要的。25.参考答案：judgement[解析]中国英语教学界不是在盲目照搬外国的经验，也不是仅凭自己的经验或本能去教学，他们在努力寻求一种既有科学根据又符合中国国情、能满足中国教师和学生的需要的方法。然而我们需要的不是盲目照搬，也不是折中，而是判断。26.参考答案：rule-governed[解析]口语法倡导者认为语言的成分是受规则支配的(rule-governed)，低一级的如名词、动词等语言系统按照一定规则构成高一级的如短语和句子的语言系统。27.参考答案：Vocabulary,grammar[解析]口语法强调词汇在外语学习中的重要地位，其教学目标也重在语法结构的分析，是以语法为基础(grammar-based)的教学法，语法与词汇按难易程度分层次(Principlesofgrammaticalandlexicalgradation)教学，而新的语言点通过有意义的情景活动(meaningfulsituation-basedactivities)得到展示与练习。28.参考答案：A[解析]全身反应法是JamesAsher开创的教学法。29.参考答案：Itdependsontheusingoflanguagesituationandthepurposeoflanguageteaching.Whenthefocusofteachingisonlanguageform,andwhenthestudentsaredoingmechanicalpatterndrillsintheclassroom,theteachershouldcorrectthestudentswhenevererrorsarecommitted.Butwhenthestudentsareengagedincommunication,andthefocusisongettingmeaningacross,errorsshouldnotbetackledonthespot,becausetheywouldbetoomuchconcernedwithlanguageformsandwouldneverdeveloporalability.Inthesameway,theremightbemorecorrectionoferrorsinwrittenthaninoralcommunication.30.参考答案：A[解析]20世纪60年代听说法受到越来越多的批评，认知法应运而生，改变了听说法只注重机械习惯形成的语言学习模式，更强调学习者心智的参与。31.参考答案：Thishassomeimplicationsforattitudestoerrors.Sincebothappropracyandaccuracyareimportantinlanguageuse,weshouldpaythesameattentiontothesetwoaspects.Ifone'slanguageproductionisappropriate,butdottedwithalotofgrammarerrors,communicationwouldbeaffected.Ontheotherhand,ifone'slanguageproductioniscorrectingrammar,butnotappropriateinuse,communicationwouldnotbeaseffectiveasexpected.Therefore,weshouldbetoleranttothestudents'errorswhichdonotaffectcommunication,andbestricttothosewhichinterferewithcommunicationandcauseilleffectsorillfeelingtotheothercommunicators.32.参考答案：fluency[解析]在听说法的课堂上，听力理解、发音、语法和词汇的教学都与提高口语流利度有关。33.参考答案：B[解析]W.M.Wundt的现代心理研究为直接法奠定了心理学的基础。34.参考答案：lexicon[解析]自然法认为词汇对理解和产出的作用在信息的建构和阐释中是至关重要的。35.参考答案：skills[解析]根据结构主义语言学和行为主义心理学的理论，听说法把语言分成听、说、读、写四种技能。36.参考答案：Yes.Acquisitiontakesplaceduringrealcommunicationinthelanguageandisconsidered

tobethesourceofthelearners'abilitytousethelanguageinunstructuredinteraction.Teacherscanentirelysimulateintheclassroomanenvironmentthatwillbesimilartothecontextinwhichadultsacquiretheirfirstlanguage,astheycreateutterancestoexpresstheirownthoughts.Teacherscanalsocreateavarietyofmajoractivitiesintheclassroomwhichleadstoproduceactiveinteractionsinthesecondlanguage.Throughthesemajoractivitiesandtechniques,theinnatecapacitiestoacquirealanguagethatalladultspossesswillbetapped.Classroomwithinterestingandmeaningfullanguageinputmaybeaverygoodplaceforadultstoacquirethesecondlanguage.Weconsiderthatacquisitionwillcontinuetohappenforadultsinsecondlanguageacquisitionprocess.37.参考答案：A[解析]Halliday认为语言的意义有两种，形式意义和语境意义。38.参考答案：competence[解析]乔姆斯基把人类语言划分为语言能力(Linguisticcompetence)和语言行为(Linguisticperformance)，他强烈反对结构主义提出的刺激反应论，认为语言习得并不是由纯粹的外界语言刺激造成的。语言能力指的是说母语的人所具有的母语知识；语言表达能力是指母语使用者说出的具体话。39.参考答案：explaining,what[解析]乔姆斯基曾提出好的理论需要满足三点：观察充分性(observationaladequacy)，描写充分性(descriptiveadequacy)，解释充分性(explanatoryadequacy)。因此生成语言学家不仅对语言的描述感兴趣，也对语言的解释感兴趣。换言之，他们试图在语言研究中找到语言学习的内容(what)和语言学习的原因(why)。40.参考答案：learning[解析]自然法的基本原则是克拉申关于语言习得和语