2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters教师用书

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义1．beaffectedbydrought 受旱灾的影响2．thecrackedwaterpipes 破裂的水管3．rememberwordsincontext 语境记单词4．anactivevolcano 一座活火山5．thecrashofmetalonmetal 金属对金属的碰撞6．makeasummary 做总结二、表达词汇——在语境中活用(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思1．ThedroughtandflooddisasterisseriousinChina.(n.灾害)2．Johnwasrescuedfromthefloods.(vt.营救)3．Smokingcausesseriousdamagetoyourhealth.(n.损害)4．Theaccidentdestroyedallmyhopes.(vt.摧毁)5．Thepeoplepresentatthemeetingweredeeplyaffectedbythestory.(vt.深深打动)6．Thegovernmentbuiltsheltersforthehomeless.(n.避难处；居所)7．Theelectricitytherewascutoffduetotsunami.(n.电；电能)8．Someoftheworkersweretrappedintheruins.(vt.使落入险境)9．Theendofthepostwasburiedintheground.(vt.埋葬)10．Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutweneedtomakegreaterefforts.(n.努力)11．Thelocalgovernmentdistributedthefoodsuppliestothevictimsaftertheearthquake.(n.补给品)12．Laughter,forme,isanemergencyexit.(n.突发事件；紧急情况)13．Youshouldstaycalminthefaceofdanger.(adj.镇静的；沉着的)14．Thisjobwouldbeimpossiblewithouttheaidofacomputer.(n.援助；帮助)15．Shewavedherhandtosaygood­bye.(vt.挥动)16．Amassive8.0magnitudeearthquakestruckthatarea.(vt.侵袭)17．Howcanaspeakermakehimselfmorepersuasivewhendeliveringaspeech？(vt.发表)(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式1．Wewereallshockedattheshockingnewshebroughtus.(adj.震惊的adj.令人震惊的)拓展：shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克2．Hebreatheddeeplybeforespeakingagain.(vi.呼吸)拓展：breathn．呼吸3．She'ssufferingfromlossofmemory.(vi.受苦)拓展：sufferingn．折磨；苦难4．Themanwasveryill,buthesurvived.(vi.存活)拓展：survivaln．幸存→survivorn．幸存者5．I'lldoeverythinginmypowertopreparewellforthecomingfinalexam.(n.力量)拓展：powerfuladj.强大的；有力的→powerlessadj.无力的；没有能力的6．Smokinghasabadeffectonyourhealth,soyou'dbettergiveitup.(n.影响)拓展：effectiveadj.有效果的三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用(写出加黑部分在语境中的汉语意思)1．Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake.严重受损；破败不堪2．Theboystoodthereingreatshock.震惊；吃惊3．Itisquitepleasanttodrinkteawithseveralfriendsintheopenair.露天；在户外4．Hehastoomuchworkonhand.现有5．Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend,howeverbeautifulanexperienceis.结束6．Astormiscoming!Tiethingsdownbeforetheyblowaway！吹走四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法1.教材原句Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.(too...to...太……而不能……)鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。写作亮句①(2018·北京高考书面表达)Astheoldsayinggoes,“It'snevertoolatetolearn.”正如谚语所说，“活到老，学到老。”②Herlifewastoofulltofindtimeforhobbies.她的生活太忙，没有业余爱好的时间。文化典句Itistoolatetogrievewhenthechanceispast.坐失良机，后悔已迟。2.教材原句Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！(asif引导表语从句或方式状语从句)仿佛世界末日即将来临！写作亮句①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Myrespectableheadteachertreatsmeasifsheweremymother.我尊敬的班主任像我的母亲一样对待我。②HespokeEnglishperfectlyasifhehadlivedinEnglandformanyyears.他英语讲得非常完美，好像在英国居住了很多年似的。3.教材原句Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.(bedoing...when...正在做……这时……)当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。写作亮句(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Shewaswonderingaboutitwhenthefatherturnedupandtoldhiswifeabouthowthetwinshadmadepreparationstogiveherasurprise.她正在疑惑，这时这位爸爸出现了，告诉妻子这对双胞胎为了给她一个惊喜是如何做准备的。4.教材原句Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.(“分数/百分数＋of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数)城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤。写作亮句40%ofstudentsaregoodatlanguageinourclass.我们班40%的学生擅长语言。五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美动作描写之动“嘴”Iwasstillrecallingthesplendidscenerywhenwewereinmygrandparents'livingroom.Davidexcitedlynarratedourexperience,eyesblazingwithenthusiasm.Worriescametohisforeheadwhenheexplainedthetroubles.Asmileliftedthecornerofhismouthwhenitcametocamping.SuddenlyMumshoutedoutinastrangevoice.Hauntedbyastrongsenseofhorror,IheardMumscreaming,“Iforgotthetent！”当我们在祖父母的客厅时，我仍在回忆那壮丽的景色。大卫兴奋地讲述了我们的经历，眼睛里充满了热情。当他解释麻烦事时，担忧就浮现在他的额头。说到露营时，他嘴角露出了笑容。突然，妈妈用一种奇怪的声音大喊。在一种强烈的恐惧感的驱使下，我听到妈妈尖叫着：“我忘了带帐篷了！”[点评]本段中使用了narrateourexperience,eyesblazingwithenthusiasm,explain,Asmileliftedthecornerofhismouth,shoutoutinastrangevoice,scream等各种各样的“嘴”之动作，生动形象地勾勒出了一个旅游后意犹未尽又出其不意的画面。1．rescuen．&vt.营救；救援[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Tomrescuedaboyfromtheriveronhiswayhome.②Whenweweretrappedintheruins,thesoldierscametoour(we)rescue.[系统归纳]go/cometosb.'srescue＝rescuesb. 救援某人rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来2．effortn．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)MyEnglishteachersparesnoeffortto_help(help)mewithmyEnglish.②Thelocalclubsaremakinganefforttointerestmoreyoungvolunteers.③Anotherreasonwhyweshouldnevergiveupisthatwecanlearnfromourmistakesonly_if_we_make_every_effort.另一个我们永不放弃的原因是：只有尽一切努力，我们才能从错误中学习。[系统归纳]makeanefforttodosth. 努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth. 不遗余力地做某事makeeveryeffort 尽一切努力3．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①(2020·天津7月高考书面表达)Itistruethatwemaysufferfromfailurefromtimetotime.However,itisimportantthatweneverlosetheenthusiasmtokeepontrying.②Thereisnodenyingthatour_Earth_is_suffering_severe_damage.不可否认，我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。[系统归纳]sufferfrom 受……折磨；患……病sufferpain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏4．supplyn．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Moreover,thecompetitionwillsupplyyouwithachancetodevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudents.②Thenaturalresources,suchascoalandoil,areinshortsupplyinthiscountry.③Sincewe'llbewalkingforalmosttwoweeks,I'llneedtobuylargesuppliesof_foodandwaterinadvance.[系统归纳](1)supplysb.withsth.＝supplysth.tosb. 向某人提供某物(2)beinshortsupply 短缺alargesupplyof/largesuppliesof 大量……的供应5．survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过[题点全练](单句语法填空)①(2021·全国甲卷)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathas_survived(survive)China'slonghistory.②Idon'tknowhowyouallmanagetosurviveonJeremy'ssalary.③AsfarasIknow，theoldladysurvivedherhusbandby5years.[系统归纳]survivesth. 幸免于；从……中挺/活过来surviveon 依靠……存活下来AsurviveB(by...) A比B活得长(……)6．powern．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Hehasbeeninpowerfortwoyears，andmadegreatachievements.②Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehecameinto/topower.③(2021年8省联考卷)Hetriestomaketheaudiencebelievethathehasthepowerto_do(do)thingswhichareagainstthelawsofnature.④Unfortunately,it'sbeyondmypowertogetthroughtheworkinsuchashorttime.⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I_will_do_all/everything_in_my_power_to_liveuptoyourexpectations.我将竭尽全力不辜负你的期望。[系统归纳]beinpower 执政；掌权cometo/intopower 掌权；上台havethepowertodosth. 有能力做某事beyondone'spower 某人力所不能及的doall/everythinginone'spowertodosth. 尽力而为做某事；竭尽全力做某事1．affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Manyyoungpeoplewereaffectedbyhisstory.Theybegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.②Affectedwithhighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.[进阶学习]系统归纳beaffectedby受……的影响；被……感动beaffectedwith感染……疾病难点释解(1)affect与effect仅一字母之差，词性却不同。名词effect的常用搭配为“haveaneffecton”。(2)“被深深地感动”的其他常用表达：bedeeplymoved；bedeeplytouched；在使用这些动词短语的非谓语形式作状语时，常常使用其过去分词形式。(3)haveanaffectionfor意为“喜欢……”，与动词affect本意相差甚远。[练重难点]介词填空③Ihavemuchaffectionfor_mymum,whosewordsandactionshaveapositiveeffectonme.句型转换(把①句改为非谓语动词短语作状语)④Affected_by_his_story,_manyyoungpeoplebegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.2．ruinn．&vt.破坏；毁坏[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Withtimegoingon,thecastlewhichoncewasverybeautifulisnowcompletelyinruins.②Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeing_reduced(reduce)toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.[进阶学习]系统归纳lie/beinruins成为废墟bereducedtoruins沦为废墟辨析比较(1)ruin多用于借喻中，指毁坏价值、用途等。它还可作名词，常用短语：inruins，意为“严重受损，破败不堪”；(2)damage表示不是完全毁坏，损坏部分能修复。damage作名词时，常用短语do/causedamageto，意为“对……造成损害”；(3)destroy指彻底毁坏以致很难修复，其名词是destruction[练重难点]选词填空(destroy,damage,ruin)③Manybuildingswerecompletelydestroyedintheearthquake.④Ittakestwentyyearstobuildareputationandfiveminutestoruinit.⑤Thesuncandamageyourskin.3．shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Ilookedatmyhusbandinshock,waitingforhimtotellmethatIhadmisunderstoodeverything.Butheonlyshookhishead.②Iwasshockedto_hear(hear)thattheoldcastlehadbeendestroyed.③Allofuswereshockedat/bythenewsthatmanydeathshadbeencausedbytheheavyrain.[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)inshock震惊；吃惊(2)shockedadj.震惊的；惊讶的beshockedat/by对……吃惊beshockedtodosth.做某事很吃惊(3)shockingadj.令人震惊的难点解释(1)可数名词shock意为“一件让人震惊的事情”，常用词块agreatshocktosb.意为“让某人极为震惊的事情”。(2)shocked表示人的心理状态和心理感受；shocking说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。[练重难点]选词填空(shocked/shocking)/完成句子④Thesurvivorslayonthebeach,exhaustedandshocked.⑤Don'tmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory,oritmaygiveawaytheshocking_ending.⑥Thenewswas_a_great_shocktothepoorgirlandshestartedtocry.(shockn．)这个消息让这个可怜的女孩震惊了，她开始哭了起来。4．buryvt.埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Theyoungman,whoalsoseemeddeeplyburiedinthought,raisedhiseyes.②Thegirlwassittingthere，burying(bury)herfaceinherhands.[进阶学习]系统归纳beburiedinthought沉思buryone'sfaceinone'shands双手掩面难点释解(1)bury用作“使沉浸；使专心”之意时，其后常接反身代词作宾语或使用被动语态，搭配为：buryoneselfin/beburiedin(埋头于；专心于)(2)表示“专心于；致力于”的其他常用短语：bedevotedto；beabsorbed/engagedin；focuson；fix/concentrateone'sattentionon等[练重难点](单句语法填空/句型转换)③Hesatatawoodentableandwas_buried(bury)inreading.④Heburiedhimself(he)inhisbookandcompletelyforgotthetime.⑤Hesatatawoodentable,buried_in_reading.(用分词短语作状语改写③句)⑥Burying_himself_in_his_book，hecompletelyforgotthetime.(用分词短语作状语改写④句)5．strikevi.&vt.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Struck(strike)bythebeautyoftheWestLake,westoppedtoadmireit.②Meetingmydearteachersandfellowstudentsaftersomanyyearswasindeedawarmoccasion,oneI'dstrikeintomyheartforever.[进阶学习]系统归纳bestruckby被……打动/迷住strike...intoone'sheart使……刻骨铭心易错提醒Itstrikessb.that...某人突然想起……sth.strikesb.某人突然想起某事sb.strikeonsth.某人突然想起某事以上三个句型，在英汉表达上存在着很大差异。[练重难点](完成句子/一句多译)③It_struck_me_that_IwouldhaveanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextday.我突然想起来明天在上海有一个重要的会议。④我突然想起了一个好主意。→A_good_idea_struck_me.→I_struck_on_a_good_idea.6．cometoanend结束；终结[题点全练](完成句子)①Howtimeflies！Twoweekswentbybeforewerealizedthatourexchangeactivity_was_is_coming_to_an_end.时光飞逝！两周已过，我们才恍然意识到交流活动即将要结束。[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)attheendof在……尽头；在……末端bytheendof到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)intheend最后；终于(2)put/bring...toanend/putanendto...使……结束(3)make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；量入为出辨析比较cometoanend意为“结束”，是不及物动词短语，不能跟宾语，主语通常是物；而putanendto...与bring...toanend意为“使……结束”，均为及物动词短语，后须跟宾语，主语通常为人。[练重难点]选词填空(cometoanend/bring...toanend/putanendto...)②Thedirectorbroughtthefilmto_an_endinanamazingway.③Themeetingcame_to_an_endandweallsetdownmanykeypoints.④Eventually,theyput_an_end_tothequarrelandreachedanagreement.1．asif引导表语从句或方式状语从句[用法规则]asif＝asthough，意为“似乎；好像；仿佛”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。(1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反，用haddone；与将来事实相反，用would/could/might＋动词原形。(3)asthough/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。[应用体验](完成句子/句型转换)①Hurryup!Itlooksasifthetrainis_going_to_move.快点！看起来好像火车要开了。②ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.Whyareyoutalkingtomeas_if_I_had_done_it?打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你给我谈话好像是我打破的似的？③Thekidsareveryfriendlywithherandevenlookuptoheras_if_she_were_their_own_mother.孩子们对她很友好，甚至把她当亲生母亲一样尊敬她。④Theoldmanwaslyingonthegroundasifhewasbadlyhurt.→Theoldmanwaslyingonthegroundasifbadly_hurt.(状语从句的省略)2．bedoing...when...正在做……这时……[用法规则](1)beabouttodosth.when...＝beonthepointofdoingsth.when...正要做某事，这时……(2)had(just)donesth.when...刚做完某事，这时……[应用体验](完成句子/句型转换)①Shewas_walking_along_the_bank_of_the_river_whensheheardacryforhelp.她正沿着河岸走，这时她听到一阵呼救声。②Ihad_just_turned_on_the_computer_whenmyparentscameback.我刚刚打开电脑，这时我父母回来了。③Seatedintheclassroom,IwasonthepointoftakingmybooksoutwhensuddenlyIbecamefrozen.→Seatedintheclassroom,Iwas_about_to_take_my_books_out_whensuddenlyIbecamefrozen.eq\a\vs4\al(\b\lc\|\rc\|(\a\vs4\al\co1(写作主题——自然灾害与防范)))“自然灾害与防范”主题与我们的生活息息相关。了解自然灾害，积极应对自然灾害，掌握与自然灾害相关的安全常识和防范措施，树立防灾意识和自我保护意识，对我们来说尤其重要。该主题有利于引导学生重视自然灾害，树立环保意识和灾害防范意识。StarsaftertheStorm(节选自外研版教材必修第三册UNIT6)Afterthehurricane,wewerehomelessandmycat,Smartie,disappeared.(背景提示：飓风过后，失去家园和猫咪)❶Livingintheopenair,webecamebreakfast,lunchanddinnerforthemosquitos.❷ButMumsaidthatwhateverhappens,weshouldalwaystrytoseethegoodsideofthings.Itwasdifficulttostaypositive,though.Wehadlostourhomeandeverythinginit,includingSmartie.Allwehadleftweretheclothesonourbacks.ButasMumkeptonremindingus,wewerealltogetherandsafe.Mum'swordsmadeusfeelbetter.Irememberusalllyingunderthemidnightskyandlookingupatthestars.Becausetherewerenolights,wecouldseetheBigDipper,theLittleDipperandtheMilkyWay.Itwasamazing！Eventhoughwehadlostalot,momentslikethosegaveushopeforthefuture.(灾难后的彷徨和妈妈的鼓励)Althoughitwasonlyafewdaysbeforewewererescued,itfeltlikemonths.Weweretakentoanothertowninafarawaycounty.Thankfully,Smartiecamehomejustintime.Weweresohappytotakehimwithus,althoughthen,noneofusknewthatwewouldn'tbebackforquiteawhile(几天后：获得救援)．Now,oneyearhaspassedandI'mbackhomeinNewOrleans.❸Somefamilieshaveyettoreturn,butmanyothershavecomeback.Althoughwearesurroundedbyremindersofthedisaster,weareworkingtogethertorebuildourhomesandourlives.NowwehaveanotherchancetolookupatthestarsofNewOrleans,theirbeautyinspiringusandgivingusconfidencetomoveon.(一年后：重建家园)由教材学写法1．学亮点词汇第一段中使用两个but和一个though形象地描写了灾难之后失去家园和猫咪的痛苦和妈妈的不断鼓励，为下文提到星空和希望做了铺垫；在描写星空时用了amazing一词，写出了作者对生活重新燃起了希望。第二段中的thankfully一词道出了作者对猫咪回家的欣喜之情。第三段中的inspire和moveon写出了星空之美鼓舞着“我们”，让“我们”有信心继续前行，重建美好生活。2．学高级句式句❷运用whatever引导的让步状语从句，强调了“无论发生什么，我们都应该看到事情好的一面”。句❸是一个but连接的并列句，意在强调but后第二分句的内容——有许多人已经回来了。强调了人们重建家园的努力，突显了希望。3．学行文逻辑本文是一篇记叙文。作者按照时间顺序讲述了自己一次灾难过后的经历。飓风过后，无家可归→几天后获救→一年后，重建家园。贯穿文章的还有人物心理的变化，从最初的慌乱、悲观到与猫咪重逢的喜悦再到对新生活的信心。另外，对星空的数次描写，对于情节开展起到了推动的作用，整篇文章写景叙事抒情融为一体。4．学修辞手法句❶中，作者将他们一家人比作蚊子的一日三餐，使读者对其当时所处的恶劣环境留下了鲜明的印象，既令文章更生动，又容易引起读者共鸣。Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式1．donate...to... 向……捐赠……2．cometoone'srescue 前来营救某人3．betrappedinruins 被困在废墟中4．rebuildone'shome 重建某人的家园5．takemeasures/stepstodosth. 采取措施做某事6．be/becomeawareof/that... 意识到……7．tomakemattersworse 更糟糕的是8．thanksto 因为，由于，幸亏9．befacedwith 面临10．wipeout 彻底摧毁11．fightwith 与……作斗争12．recoverfrom 从……中恢复13．astrongwill 坚强的意志14．sufferfrom 遭受15．inharmonywithnature 与自然和谐相处16．helpinghands 援手Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底1．Asevereearthquakedestroyedalmosteverything,leavingbadlydamagedbuildings.一场剧烈的地震几乎毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。2．Sometimesasmileissopowerfulthatitgivespeoplesufferingfromdisastersgreatcourage.有时候，微笑会如此有力量，以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。3．Theearthquakecausedstructuraldamagetomostofthebuildingsinthetown.这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。4．Thecountryhasprovidedfoodandclothesforthehomelesspeopleinthedisaster­strickenareas.这个国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。5．Havingrealizedthegreatharmcausedbythehazeandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment,peoplealloverthecountryaretakingmeasurestoreducethehazyweather.由于意识到了雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。6．Recentyearshaveseenabigincreaseinnaturaldisasters,suchasearthquakes,hurricanesandfloods,whicharebigthreatstopeople'slives.最近几年自然灾害频发，例如地震、飓风和洪水，严重地威胁着人们的生命。7．Peoplehaverealizedthegreatharmcausedbythesmogandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.人们已经意识到雾霾引起的危害和保护环境的重要性。8．Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld,changingsomelivingpatterns.全球变暖正对世界各地成百上千的动植物物种产生巨大的影响，改变了一些生活模式。一、作文仿写出亮篇假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你的土耳其朋友西琳(Shirin)所在的城市发生了地震。请你给她写一封信，要求80词左右，内容包括：1．询问是否安好；2．地震带来的影响(发生5.6级地震，造成1人死亡，69人受伤)；3．愿意尽力提供帮助。Dear_Shirin，How_are_you_doing?_When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city._I_was_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.I'm_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster._One_person_was_killed,_69_others_were_injured_after_a_5.6_magnitude_quake_hit_your_city._Besides,_lots_of_buildings_fell_down._I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_was_injured.Please_don't_be_worried._Everything_will_be_fine._If_you_need_any_help,_please_let_me_know._As_one_of_your_best_friends,_I_will_do_what_I_can_to_help_you.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua二、续写语段思维活结合主题，根据下面给出的开头语和前文情节脉络续写一个80词左右的片段。前文情节脉络：巨大的龙卷风袭击了密苏里州，“我”父母的家被严重损坏→当“我”的父母安全离开后，他们希望“我”能保存一些他们的书和照片→不幸的是，雨不停地落在“我”想要保护的书和照片上，一切似乎都无望了→一个瘦弱的老人出现在“我”身边，帮助“我”挽救了这些珍贵的书和照片。Suddenly,outofnowhere,athin,elderlymanappearedbymyside.参考范文：Suddenly,outofnowhere,athin,elderlymanappearedbymyside.Shocked,Itookastepback,buthesaidinacomfortingvoice,“Everythingisgoingtobealright.”Hetoldmeheheardaboutthedisasterandcametohelp.Seeingeverythinginsidewasgoingtoberuined,hewentthroughtheraintowardthehouse,tryingtogetacoveroverthehouse.IwasplacingseveralphotoalbumsandbooksintoplasticbagsforprotectionfromtherainwhenIrealizeditwasnolongerraininginthehouse.Lookingup,Isawrubbery­lookingmaterialcoveringtheroof.He'ddoneit.IwassogratefulforhishelpbecausenowIcouldsavemoreofmyparents'cherishedpossessions.Themanwasalightinthedarkness.课时作业(一)语篇阅读训练——保准度Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·德阳二模)AfterbeingattackedbyHurricaneIda's150mphwindsandtorrentialrains,hundredsofthousandsofGulfCoastresidentswereleftwithoutpowerandfreshwaterthisweekasa100­degreeheatwavesettledovertheregion.IdasmashedintoLouisianaasaCategory4hurricane,rippingoffroofs,knockingouttransmissionlines,floodingroads,andreducingsomebrickbuildingsindowntownNewOrleanstorubble.Atleasteightpeoplediedinthestormandthe_tollisexpectedtoriseasemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses.OneofthemostpowerfulhurricanestoeverhittheUSmainland,Idabroughta5to12­footstormsurgethatcoveredlow­lyingcommunitiesinsoutheasternLouisiana.GrandIsleisnow“uninhabitable”，saidParishPresidentCynthiaLeeSheng,with3feetofsandcoveringtheentirebarrierislandand40percentofthebuildingscompletelydestroyed.ThestormcausedacitywideblackoutinNewOrleans,butaHurricaneKatrina­leveldisasterwasavoidedthere,thanksinparttotheD|S14.5billionspentonnewlevees,seawalls,andpumpsafterthe2005storm.ExpertsarewarningthatIdacouldworsentheCovidcrisisintheGulfCoast,asresidentscrowdtogetherinhomesandemergencyshelterswithoutimmediateaccesstotestingormedicalcare.ICUsinLouisiana,Mississippi,andAlabamahospitalswerealreadynearcapacitybeforethestormhit.Nearly1millionpeoplearestillwithoutpoweracrossLouisiana,andauthoritieswarneditcouldbeweeksbeforeelectricityisrestored.“Ifyouhavealreadyevacuated，”saidGov.JohnBelEdwards,“donotreturnhere.”语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了飓风艾达给墨西哥湾沿岸居民造成的破坏，以及人们灾后重建的情况。1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHurricaneIda?A．Mild. B．Destructive.C．Uncontrollable. D．Impressive.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段中“IdasmashedintoLouisianaasaCategory4hurricane...asemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses.”可推知，飓风艾达极具破坏性。故选B。2．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thetoll”meaninParagraph1?A．Thedeathnumber. B．Theheatwave.C．Thewindspeed. D．Thecitywideblackout.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Atleasteightpeoplediedinthestorm”以及后文“isexpectedtoriseasemergencyworkerssearchwreckedhomesandbusinesses”可知，至少有8人在风暴中死亡，且随着紧急救援人员搜索被毁的房屋和企业，预计死亡人数还会上升。画线词意思是“死亡人数”。故选A。3．WhatisoneofthereasonsforGrandIsletobeuninhabitable?A．Theentireislandiscoveredwithsand.B．Itisoneofthelow­lyingcommunities.C．Theresidentstherecan'twaittoleave.D．Overhalfofitsbuildingswereinruins.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中“GrandIsleisnow‘uninhabitable，’saidParishPresidentCynthia...completelydestroyed.”可知，这个地方不适合居住的原因之一是整个岛被沙子覆盖了。故选A。4．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheattitudeofGov.JohnBelEdwardstowardstheprospectofLouisiana?A．Ambitious. B．Undoubted.C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Ifyouhavealreadyevacuated，’saidGov.JohnBelEdwards，‘donotreturnhere.’”可推知，JohnBelEdwards州长对路易斯安那州的前景持不自信的态度。故选D。B(2023·石家庄模拟)Themomentthegroundstopsshakingafteranearthquake,somepeoplemaywonderwhethertheirpets—orwildanimalsforthatmatter—knewthedisasterwascoming.Togettothebottomofthisquestion,HeikoWoith,ascientistattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciences,andhiscolleaguesevaluatedmorethan700publishedreportsofunusualbehavioramong130species,includinginsects,birds,fish,cats,dogsandcattlefrom160earthquakes.Therecordsincludedallkindsofbehaviors,includingatigerthatreportedlygotdepressedbeforeanearthquake.Theresearchersfoundthat90percentofallreportedcaseshappenedwithin62milesoftheepicenter(震中)andwithin60daysofanearthquake.Then,theyexaminedwhenandwhereforeshockshadhappenedintheregionandconcludedthatitwashardtosaytheseanimalscouldpredicttheearthquakeitself.Theywerejustrespondingtoforeshocks.“Thespace­timepatternofanimalprecursors(预兆)andforeshocksisstrikinglysimilar，”Woithsaid.“Fromthis,weconcludedthattheabnormalanimalbehaviormightsimplyberelatedtoforeshocks.Theseanimalsarejustrespondingtoforeshocksratherthanpredictingtheearthquake.Theydon'thavesuperpower.”Despitethevastnumberofincidences,goodinformationwaslittleandscientificevidenceislacking.“Amajorsurpriseforuswasthatthelargemajorityofthepublishedclaimswerebuiltonpoorobservationaldata,whichdidnotstandasstatisticalscientificproof，”Woithsaid.Tobetterstudywhetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes,Woithandhiscolleaguessuggestedthatresearchersaskanumberofyes­or­noquestionsinanyupcomingexperiments,including“Istheexperimentalsetupandmonitoringprocedureclearlydescribedandreproducible？”and“Isitproventhattheanimalbehaviorisreallyunusual？”Meanwhile,humansareworkingontechnologiesthatcandetectearthquakessecondsbeforetheyhit.Hopefully,wewillhavesuchdevicestowarnpeoplethattheearthquakeiscoming.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。尽管每次地震过后总有动物异常行为的报道，然而动物能够预测地震这种结论缺乏科学依据。动物的异常行为只能说明对前震有所反应，并不能说明它们可以预测地震。5．HowdidWoithconductthestudy?A．Byanalyzingformerreports.B．Byobservinganimals'behavior.C．Bycollectingdataintheearthquake.D．Bycomparinganimals'differentresponses.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Woith评估了很多动物异常行为的报告，从而去指导研究。故选A。6．WhatisWoith'snewfinding?A．Tigersbecomedepressedeasily.B．Certainanimalshavesuperpower.C．Someanimalscanreacttoforeshocks.D．Animalsinthesameareaactsimilarly.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段中“From...theearthquake.Theydon'thavesuperpower.”可知，并没有足够的证据说明动物能够预测地震，但是它们会对前震有反应。故选C项。7．Whatsurprisedthescientistsinthestudy?A．Allreportedcasestookplaceinthesamearea.B．Thereweretoomanyreportsaboutforeshocks.C．Someanimalsactstrangelybeforeearthquakes.D．Thepreviousreportslackaccuratedatasupport.解析：选D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Amajorsurprise...scientificproof”可知，之前的观点大多都是建立在观察数据基础之上的，不能作为科学证据。故选D项。8．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A．Howanimalsbehaveinearthquakes.B．Whetheranimalscanpredictearthquakes.C．Whatisthelinkbetweenanimalsandearthquakes.D．Whypeoplestudyanimals'behaviorinearthquakes.解析：B主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章在讨论动物是否具有预测地震的超能力。故选B项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblorrockedSouthernCaliforniaonJuly5,2019,just34hoursafteramagnitude6.4earthquakehitthesamearea.Thislatesteventwaswidelyfelt.__9__Aftershocksareexpectedtocontinue.Earthquakesarealsocalledtemblors.__10__It'shardtoimaginetheyhappenbythethousandseverydayaroundtheworld,usuallyintheformofsmalltremors.Some80%ofalltheplanet'searthquakeshappenalongtherim(边缘)ofthePacificOcean.__11__Thatisbecauseofalotofvolcanicactivitythere,aswell.Scientistsgiveamagnituderatingtoearthquakesbasedonthestrengthanddurationoftheirseismic(地震的)waves.Amagnitudeof3to4.9isconsideredminororlight;5to6.9ismoderate(中等的)tostrong;7to7.9ismajor;and8ormoreisgreat.__12__Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear.Earthquakesmayalsoleadtoothernaturaldisasters.Smallertemblorsthatusuallyhappeninthedaysfollowingalargeearthquakecancausefurtherdeathanddamage.__13__A．Itiscalledthe“RingofFire”．B．Theycancausehugedamage.C．Protectyourselfasquicklyaspossible.D．Infact,amagnitude8quakestrikessomewhereeveryyear.E．Lossoflifecanbeavoidedthroughplanningandeducation.F．Oneimportantwayistotrytomakeyourhomeassafeaspossible.G．ItcausedseveralfiresanddamagetobuildingsandroadsinRidgecrestandnearby.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章以2019年发生在加利福尼亚州的地震为例介绍了地震的相关知识。9．选G上文中提到加利福尼亚州发生了7.1级地震，G项指出了此次地震所造成的结果，其中的It指代上文中的“Apowerfulmagnitude7.1temblor”。10．选BB项中的They指代上文中的Earthquakes，B项中的“causehugedamage”与下文中的“It'shardtoimaginetheyhappen”语义上形成连贯，指出地震的危害。11．选A下文中的“alotofvolcanicactivitythere”解释了A项中“RingofFire”——环太平洋火山带的含义。12．选DD项承接上文中的“8ormoreisgreat”，与下文中的“Some10,000peopledieinearthquakeseveryyear”之间是并列关系，指出了全球每年地震发生的概况。13．选E上句提到大地震之后发生的震级较小的地震会造成进一步的死亡与损失。E项指出了避免造成这一损失的方法与措施。Ⅲ.完形填空Everyfamilyshouldhaveanemergencykitintheirhome.Ifthereisanearthquakeorahurricane,forexample,therecouldbea__14__cut,orthewatercouldgetpolluted.Youmightbe__15__atyourhomeforseveraldaysbecauseofastormoraflood.Havinganemergencykit__16__couldhelpifanythinglikethis__17__.Youremergencykitmightincludethefollowing__18__：Thefirstaidkitshouldincludealcohol,cottonwool,bandages,painkillers,cleanbottledwaterandburnointment.Itis__19__tokeepnon­perishable(不易腐坏的)foodsupplies.Inotherwords,foodthatwon'tspoil(变质)outofthefridge，suchascannedfood.Thereshouldbe__20__foodforthreedays.Itisbetterifthefooddoesnothavetobecooked.Don't__21__thecanopener!I