高中英语语法知识之名词性从句

名词性从句相关概念名词性从句：在复合句中起名词的从句叫做名词性从句。包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句引导词：●连接词

that引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分。Ihope(that)youenjoyyourholiday.

Thathelikesyouisveryobvious.

●连接词

whether,if引导名词性从句时，不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”Heaskedwhether[if]Iwouldshowhimtheway.

Whetheritwilldousharmremainstobeseen.

●连接代词

who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever

引导名词性从句时，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如：Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.●连接副词

when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever引导名词性从句，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。Thequestionishowweshouldcarryouttheplan.

Whenshe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.

宾语从句★位置：A.作动词宾语Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscusstheworkplan.注意：doubt（怀疑）的肯定句接if/whether引导的宾语从句，但否定句和疑问句接that引导的宾语从句。Idoubtwhetherifhewillsucceed.Idonotdoubtthathecanrecitethepoem.Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?B.作介词的宾语Yoursuccesswilllargelydependuponwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.C.作形容词的宾语I'mafraid(that)youdon'tunderstandwhatIsaid.★连接词注意1：that：在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。Weallagreed(that)itwouldbeamistakenottotakehisadvice.注意2：从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。如：Weallthink(that)sheisworkingveryhardandthatshewillsurelygotoaverygooduniversity.注意3：whether或if一般情况下可以互换，但是在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导从句作介词宾语时；Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’lllendhimthemoney.b.从句后有“ornot”时；Idon’tknowwhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.c.后接动词不定式时。Hedidn’tknowwhethertogetmarriedortowait.★虚拟语气：以下动词后加宾语从句，宾语从句动词要用(should)do。1坚持 2命令 3要求 4建议insist order demand propose command require,request advise suggestrecommend例如：Hesuggeststhatwe(should)climballthewaytothetopofthehill.★语序：要用陈述语序（所有动词放主语后）例如：Doyouknowwhenwillwehavemeeting.×Doyouknowwhenwewillhavemeeting.√★形式宾语即：动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that引导的宾从。常见于think,make,find,consider,feel,hear等动词，如：Wethinkitimportantthateverycitizenshouldhavegoodmanners.Ifeelitnecessarythatweshouldtakelotsofwatereveryday.★时态呼应主现从自变，主过从过去，客观真理永不变。例如：Wedecidethatwewillholdthemeetingnextmonth.Wedecidedthatwewouldholdthemeetingnextmonth.Theteachersaidthatthesunrisesfromtheeast.【巩固练习】单项选择1.Newtechnologies(技术)havemade________possibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost. A.that B.this C.one D.it2.Theywondered________. A.thatwhethertherewasapeacefulwaytosolvetheproblem. B.thattheywouldsolvetheprobleminapeacefulway. C.iftheywillsolvetheprobleminapeacefulway D.whethertherewasapeacefulwaytosolvetheproblem3.Theteachersaidthatlight________fasterthansound. A.Hastraveled B.traveled C.hadtraveled D.travels4.MymotherinsistedthatI________toschoolonfoot,sinceitisnotfarfromhometoschool. A.went B.goes C.go D.going5.Asmanyfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose________suitsyoubest. A.whatever B.whichever C.whenever D.wherever6.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt________hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently. A.why B.how C.that D.whether填空基础题：1.We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknowshe’llacceptit.2.Thevillagershavealreadyknownwe’lldoistorebuildthebridge.3.Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeoutheistryingtoexpress.4.Ourteachersalwaystellustobelieveinwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.5.Afterthehurricanewasover,thecitizenslookedatwasleftoftheirhouses,feelingsad.6.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknewshewassoangry.7.Wehaven’tdiscussedyetwearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.8.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonhegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.9.GeorgeWashingtonwasbornin1732inarichfamilyinisnowthestateofVirginia.10. —IwonderMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday.提高题：1.Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknowittakestostartabusinesshere.2.Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thavewehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.3.Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictoseeuseanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.4.---Haveyoufinishedthebook?---No.I’vereaduptothechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.5.IwanttobelikedandlovedforIaminside.改错基础题：1.Besides,Ihavefewfriends.Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.2.Everythingdependsoniftheywillsupportyouaboutit.3.Idon’tcarewhethershehasnomoney.Icareifsheishonestornot.4.Jackwassoontoldwhyhedidwasnotnecessary.5.Afterfivehours’drive,theyreachedwhichwastheplacethey’dbeendreamingof.6.Manypeopledoubtthatweshouldencourageourchildrentohelptheoldwhentheyareintrouble.7.GeorgeWashingtonwasbornin1732inarichfamilyinwhereisnowthestateofVirginia.8.—Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.DoyouhearwhichIsaid?David?—Yes,Mum9.CouldIspeaktowhomeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?10.Acomputercanonlydowhichyouhaveinstructedittodo.提高题：1.Myparentsusedtheyhadtogetanewcarformybrother.2.---Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem.

--Yes,itcouldbe.

---Iwonderhowwecandoaboutit.3.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistofthatmykidswillneedforthecomingseason.4.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.5.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatthatIthoughtwasadangerousspeed.主语从句★位置1）主语从句位于句首。如：WhathewantedtoseewasagreatprogressinEnglish..2）用it作当形式主语，把真正的主语从句放在句末。如：ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.用it作形式主语有以下四种不同的搭配方式：It+be+形容词+that从句。(obvious,true,likely,certain,probable,)It+be+名词词组+that从句。(ashame,nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,等)It+be+P.P+that从句。(said,reported,thought,expected,announced,etc.)It+seems+that从句(look,seem,appear,happen,occur,follow,etc.)★连接词注意1：that：that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不能省略。Thatshewillgoabroadisknowntousall.注意2：whether/if：如果主语从句位于句首则必须用连接词whether,不用if。Whetherwe'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.注意3：疑问词+ever(whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever)whoever=anyonewho任何人,无论谁； whatever=anythingthat凡是...，无论什么；whichever=anythingthat无论那一个,任何一个； whomever=anyonewhom（whoever的宾格形式）；和引导的状语从句的区别Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.（主语从句）(＝Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.)Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.（状语从句）(＝Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.)★主语从句和定语从句区别it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和what引导主语从句以及as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：Itisknowntousallthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.（无逗号，有that）Asisknowntousall,theearthturnsaroundthesun.（有逗号，无that）Whatisknowntousallisthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.（无逗号，有isthat）★主语从句与强调句的区别(1)在强调句中，去掉Itwas...that还是个句子。主语从句中不行。(2)主语从句引导词：what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whichever强调句的引导词只有：that,who。主语从句：Itwasstrangethathehadmadeamistake.Itissaid/reportedthathe’sgotmarried.强调句：Itwasthisnovelthattheytalkedaboutlastnight.（强调宾语）ItwasinLondonthatIfirstsawher.（强调地点状语）【巩固练习】填空基础题：1.________weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.2.________LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit.3.Exactly________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.4.________struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.5.________wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.6.________makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.7.Itisstillunderdiscussion________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.8.Itisobvioustothestudents________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.9.Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious________theproblemitselfis.10.________IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.提高题：1.Itisbynomeansclear________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.2.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but________hereachestheselimitswilldependsonhisenvironment.3.Itisnoneofyourbusiness________otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.4.________isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.5.Allpeople,________theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.改错基础题：1.Thatyousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.2.Whichmakesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.3.Wherehereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.4.Whenparentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.5.WheremattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.提高题：1.Itwasneverclearwhatthemanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.2.WhichBarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.3.Whoeveroneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.4.Whichwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.5.Itremainstobeseenthatthenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.表语从句★位置：在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句,表语从句位于系动词后。可接表语从句的连系动词一般为be,look,seem,sound,appear等。★连接词注意1：that在引导表语从句时通常不能省略。其基本结构为主语+系动词+that从句。Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatallthepupilswereunusuallyquiet.名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导。Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….ThereasonwhyIwassadwasthathedidn'tunderstandme.注意2：表是否时，只能用whether,不能用if.Thequestioniswhetherthatmanwillturnupintime.注意3：从属连词because引导的表语从句Ithinkitisbecauseyouaretalkingtoomuch.我想这是因为你话说得太多。对比：why引导的表语从句That'sbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.（That'sbecause强调原因）That'swhyhegotangrywithme.（That'swhy强调结果）【巩固练习】填空基础题：1.I’dliketostartmyownbusiness---that’s__________I’ddoifIhadthemoney.2.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot__________shipsarebuiltfor.3.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas__________hescoredthewinninggoal.4.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That's__________Iwasborn.”5.Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis__________heneverfinishesanything.6.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger______itwas20yearsago,whenitwassopoorlyequipped.7.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris__________itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.8.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas__________wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.9.PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was__________itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.10.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis__________shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.提高题：1.---Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!---I'mnottoblame,mum.Iam__________youhavemademe.2.Theplaceatwhichthebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe__________thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.3.Enginesaretomachines_________heartsaretoanimals.4.Itisuncertain_________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.5._________somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.改错基础题：1.Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.Thisisthatmymotherusedtotellme.2.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeiswhichhappenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswhenwedidthismorning.4.Thetraditionalviewiswhywesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.5.Itneveroccurredtomeifyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind. 提高题：1.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’swhatthebestjobsare.2.---IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.---That’swhatIdon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.3.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisiswhatIdisagree.4.Whatfashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.5.Perseveranceisakindofquality---andthat’swhoittakestodoanythingwell.同位语从句同位语从句一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。经常带同位语从句的名词有fact,news,answer,message,doubt,possibility,idea,reply,reason,belief,hope,thought,promise,suggestion,question,certainty等。★连接词注意1：that在同位语从句中不能省Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.Thereisnodoubtthatthepricesofcarswillgodown.注意2：同位语从句中，表达是否只能用whetherIhavenoideawhetheryouareinterestedinworkingforher.（此处不用if）★间隔式同位语从句。Asayinggoesthatpracticemakesperfect.熟能生巧是一句谚语。WordcamethatMrPresidentwouldcomeandinspectourschoolhimself.有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。★同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）【巩固练习】填空1.Informationhasbeenputforwardmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.2.Theordercamethesoldiersshouldleavethesmallvillagethenextmorning.3.Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.4.Thethought hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.5.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear hewoulddieofthedisease.改错1.SomeresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubtwhetheracureforAIDSwillbefoundinthenearfuture.2.Heoftenaskedmethequestionthattheworkwasworthdoing.3.Hissuggestionthemeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.4.TheyreceivedanorderwhethertheworkshouldbefinishedbyFriday.5.Ihavenoideathatwecandowiththesewastematerials.【综合练习】填空1.WemustfindoutKarliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.2.Itrulybelievebeautycomesfromwithin.3.Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigateisbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.4.Theexhibitiontellsusweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.5.Readingherbiography,IwaslostinadmirationforDorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.6.—IwondersomanypeoplearecrazyaboutGangnumStyle.—It’sgoodforbodybuilding,anditbringspeoplealotoffun,youknow.7.Thevillagershavealreadyknownwe’lldoistorebuildthebridge.8.Wemayhaveourowndecisiononthismatter,andIhavelittledoubtyouwillsucceed.9.Afterworkingonthemathsproblemforhours,hefoundhethoughtwasthekeytoit.10.Somepeoplebelievehashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.11.—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIdon’tknowhedidit;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.12.Mr.FrankaskedmeIcouldgowithhimtohecalledtheTreasureHousethenextweek.13.Wehaven’tsettledtheproblemofitisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.14.Failingforthefirsttimehasmadehimcometoknowimportantasecondchanceis.15.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoingyou'reafraidtodo.16.Is________hesaidreallytrue?17.________hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.18.________themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.19.Itworriedherabit________herhairwasturninggray.20.________morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.21.________hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.22.Is________truethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?23.________madetheschoolproudwas________morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.24.________alltheinventionshaveincommonis________theyhavesucceeded.25.________appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.改错1.It’sgoodtoknowifthedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.2.Expertsbelievewhetherpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.3.Itisdifficultforustoimaginethatlifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.4.Atthemeetingheraisedaquestioniftheprojectwouldbecancelled.5.Itdependsonifit'sgoingtorain.6.WeexpressedthehopewhichtheBrownswouldcometoChinaagain.7.Thenewstheyhadwonthegamesurprisedus.8.IhavebeenworryingaboutthatIhavehurtherfeelings.9.ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchforwhicheverhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.10.Idon’tdoubtwhetheritistrue.11.Thatcausedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.12.Whathealwaysservesthepeopleverywellisknown.13.IthasnotbeendecidedwheretheywillleaveforNewYork.14.Energyisthatmakesthingwork.15.What

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