Unit1Themassmedia单元词汇详解讲义高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性

牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性必修二Unit1ThemassmediaWordlistsSupportivesentences1.critical/ˈkrɪtɪkl/adj.批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的(2)【原句背诵】Thetwonewsreportsandthearticlebelowencourageyoutobeacriticalnewsreader.Beacriticalnewsreader!【拓展】criticalofsb/sth批评的；批判性的；挑剔的acriticalcomment/report批判性的评论╱报道acriticalfactorintheelectioncampaign竞选活动的关键因素acriticalmomentinourcountry’shistory我国历史上的危急关头criticallyadv.危急地；严重地；批评地criticn.批评家；评论家；爱挑剔的人criticizevt.批评；评论；非难vi.批评；评论；苛求criticismn.批评；批判；考证；苛求Tom’sparentswerehighlycriticaloftheschool.汤姆的父母对学校提出了强烈的批评。Reducinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereisofcriticalimportance.减少大气中的二氧化碳含量极其重要。Thefinaldecisioniscriticaltoourfuture.最终决定对我们的未来至关重要。Studentsshouldbeencouragedtodevelopcriticalthinkinginsteadofacceptingopinionswithoutquestioningthem.应该鼓励学生培养判断力，而非不加质疑地接受各种观点。【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.根据世界野生动物基金会(WorldWildlifeFund)的数据，全球黑犀牛数量已降至5500头，使犀牛处于“极度濒危”状态。（2015湖北卷）Dartmoorhas1,000orsoponies,whoplayacriticalroleincreatingthediversityofspeciesinthisarea.达特穆尔有大约1000匹小马，它们在创造该地区物种的多样性方面发挥着关键作用。（2011北京卷）Inthebroadsense,criticalthinkingisfocused,organizedthinking–theabilitytoseeclearlytheirrelationshipsamongideas.从广义上讲，批判性思维是专注的、有组织的思维——能清楚地辨别观点之间关系的能力。2.trap/træp/vt.使落入险境；卡住，绊住n.陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼(2)【原句背诵】Thefire,whichisthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,leavingpeopleontheupperfloorstrapped.【拓展】trapsb(intosth/intodoingsth)使陷入圈套；使中计；使上当setatrap设陷阱fallintoatrap落入陷阱【误区】trap的过去式和过去分词，要双写字母p。Someofthevillagersbecametrappedbytherisingfloodwater.几个村民被上涨的洪水困住了。Thelocalswereencouragedtotrapandkillmicetostopthespreadofthevirus.当地人被鼓励用捕捉器捕杀老鼠以阻止病毒的传播。Thegovernmenthasfoundthatit’scaughtinatrapofitsownmaking.政府已经发现其陷入了自己造成的困境中。Shehadsetatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。【链接高考】（2019天津卷）Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.我们在自己的专业领域取得成功，然后陷入其中。（2016北京卷）Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.青少年爬上几十层楼梯，给被困在停电的高层建筑中的老人送去水和食物。（2015湖北卷）Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.Thefarmerfreedhim,andhebegantorunhappilyaroundagain.小马实际上被困在了两块岩石之间。农夫把它放了，它又高兴地到处跑起来。3.release/rɪˈliːs/vt.发布；释放；松开；发泄n.释放；发行；排放，泄漏(2)【原句背诵】Fearsgrewthatthenumberofdeathscouldreach5,accordingtofiguresreleasedbyemergencyservices.【拓展】releasesb/sth(fromsth)释放；放出；放走releasesb(fromsth)免除，解除（某人的职责、责任、合同等）；解雇therelease(ofsb)(fromsth)释放；获释thelatestnewreleases最新发行的产品thereleaseofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere二氧化碳向大气层的排放asenseofreleaseaftertheexam考试后的解脱感Firefighterstooktwohourstoreleasethedriverfromthewreckage.消防队员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。Themedianotreleasinganymoredetailsyet.媒体还不准备发布更多详情。Sheburstintotears,releasingallherpent-up（压抑的）emotions.她放声大哭，释放出长期压抑的情感。ThenewsoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril.新软件计划四月份发行。Ourtherapeuticstyleoffersreleasefromstoredtensions,traumas,andgrief.我们的治疗方式意在解除蓄积的压力、创伤和悲痛。【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）May7:TheStateCouncilreleasedGuidelinesonConductingCovid-19PreventionandControlonanOngoingBasis.5月7日：国务院印发《关于做好新冠肺炎疫情持续防控工作的指导意见》。（2015福建卷）Decideandactbeforeoverthinking.Whenyoudothisyoumayfeelalittleorlargereleasefromthejailofyourmindandyou’llbeonyourway.三思而后行。当你这样做的时候，你可能会感到自己从思想的牢笼中解放出来，你就可以继续前进了。（2012上海卷）Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefightorflightreactiontostress，animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones(激素)releasedbythebody.科学家们早就知道，在对抗或逃避压力的反应中，身体释放的某些激素起着重要作用。4.ambulance/ˈæmbjələns/n.救护车(2)【原句背诵】Fireenginesandambulances,calledat9:30p.m.,reachedthescenewithin15minutes.5.extend/ɪkˈstend/vi.&vt.延伸（距离）；扩大；延长；伸展(2)【原句背诵】Bythistime,thefirehadextendedtothe15thfloor.【拓展】toextendafence/road/house扩建护栏╱公路╱房子toextendadeadline/visa延长最后期限╱签证toextendaropebetweentwoposts在两根柱子间拉根绳子toextendaninvitation发出邀请extensiveadj.广泛的；大量的；广阔的extensionn.拓展；延伸；接发；（医学）牵引；（计算机）拓展名；（逻辑）外延Thereareplanstoextendtheno-smokingarea.现已有扩大无烟区的计划。Carefulmaintenancecanextendthelifeofyourcar.精心保养可延长汽车寿命。ThecompanyplanstoextenditsoperationsintoEuropeandAfrica.公司打算将业务扩展到欧洲和非洲。Theservicealsoextendstowrappinganddeliveringgifts.这项服务还包括包装及递送礼物。Thisyeartheyhaveintroducedthreenewproductstoextendtheirrange.今年他们已引入了3种新产品以扩大他们的范围。【链接高考】（2016北京卷）However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsandarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.然而，现在他们正在延长青春期，在这期间，许多学生并没有肩负起成人的责任。（2015湖南卷）WhentheinspectorextendedhishandtogreetGlenn’smother,heslippedonthefreshlyoiledsurface.当督察伸出手去和格伦的母亲打招呼时，他在刚涂过油的地面上滑倒了。6.construction/kənˈstrʌkʃn/n.建筑，建造；建造物(2)【原句背诵】Thereisconcernthattheconstructioncompanythatbuiltthetowerblockhadnotfollowedfiresafetyrules.【拓展】in/underconstruction在建造中；正在施工之中intheconstructionof建筑constructiontechnology施工技术，建筑技术；建筑施工；建筑工艺学economicconstruction经济建设infrastructureconstruction基础设施；基础设施建设constructv.建造，修建（某物，尤指建筑物，公路，机器）；组成，创建；形成（观念，理论）n.构想，概念；编造，杜撰；建造物，构筑物【反义词】destructionn.破坏，毁坏；摧毁WorkhasbegunontheconstructionofthenewairportinXiong’an.雄安新机场的建设已经开工。Thenewofficesarestillunderconstruction(=beingbuilt).新办公楼尚在修建中。Thesummerhousewasasimplewoodenconstruction.那座避暑别墅是简单的木结构建筑。【链接高考】（2012全国卷II）Thewholeconstructionofoursocietydependsonmutual（相互的）trust,notdistrust.整个社会的建设依赖于相互信任，而不是怀疑。（2010四川卷）ReportingtotheDirector，youwillhelpsetupandrunthetechnicalandscientificsupportservicesofournewlaboratoriesnowunderconstruction.向署长报告，你将协助建立和管理我们正在建设的新实验室的技术和科学支持服务。7.dozen/ˈdʌzn/n.许多；（一）打；十来个(2)dozensof很多，许多(2)【原句背诵】Thefirehasalsoleftdozensofpeopleinjured,5ofwhomareinacriticalcondition.【拓展】bythedozen成打地；按打计算twodozeneggs两打鸡蛋threedozenredroses三打红玫瑰severaldozen/afewdozenpeople数十╱几十个人【比较】twodozeneggs和twodozenoftheeggs【误区1】具体数字修饰dozen时，它要用单数形式。如：threedozenyears【误区2】特别词汇表示具体数字的还有：score二十；decade十年；fortnight两星期；十四天anniversary一周年；hundred一百Thecompanyemploysnomorethanacoupleofdozenpeople.这个公司顶多雇用了几十个人。ThestorminJulythisyeardestroyeddozensofhomesandbuildings.今年7月份的暴雨毁坏了许多房屋和建筑物。TomhasbeentotheGreatWalldozensoftimes.汤姆去过长城很多次。Eggsaresoldbythedozeninthemall.超市鸡蛋按打出售。【链接高考】（2020浙江卷）TodothisIhavesearchedthroughdozensofplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.为了做到这一点，我搜索了几十个剧本，目的是找到那些最能展示短剧的力量和目的的剧本。（2020天津卷）It’salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.要了解一个历史时期而不对相关概念提出几十个问题几乎是不可能的。（2015上海卷）Theyconductbetween30and40workshopsannually,focusingonhalfadozendifferentplays,mostlyforcorporations,butalsoforgovernmentagencies.他们每年举办30到40场研讨会，主要针对企业和政府机构重点关注6种不同的戏剧。8.minor/ˈmaɪnə(r)/adj.轻微的，次要的(2)【原句背诵】LisaMayer,29,isamongtheluckyoneswhoonlysufferedminorinjuries.【拓展】aminorroad小路minorinjuries轻伤toundergominorsurgery做小手术minorityn.少数；少数派；少数民族【反义词】majoradj.主要的；重要的；主修的Theremaybesomeminorchangestotheschedule.时间安排也许会有些小小的变动。SheisknowninItalyforanumberofminorrolesinfilms.她因担任电影中一些配角而闻名意大利。Everydayofourlivesweencountermajorandminorstressesofonekindoranother.生活中的每一天，我们会遇到或大或小的这样那样的压力。9.bath/bɑːθ/n.洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆(2)10.scream/skriːm/vi.&vt.尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音n.尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音(2)11.bark/bɑːk/vi.（狗）吠叫vt.厉声发令n.（狗）吠声；短促响亮的人声；树皮(2)12.choke/tʃəʊk/vt.&vi.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽，（尤指感情激动而）说不出话来(2)【原句背诵】Sherecalled,“IwasabouttohaveabathwhenIheardpeoplescreaminganddogsbarking.Ilookedoutsideandthesmokewaschokingme.Itwaslikeanawfuldream.”【拓展】take/haveabath洗澡；冲凉；淋浴scream(out)(in/withsth)（因伤痛、害怕、激动等）尖叫scream(sth)(out)(atsb)/(out)(forsth/sb)（向某人或为某事）高声喊，大声叫chokesthback强忍住；抑制；克制tochokebacktears/anger/sobs强忍住眼泪╱愤怒╱哭泣chokesthdown硬咽；硬吞chokesthoff阻止；制止；限制；打断；停止；终止chokeout/chokeoutsth（因感情激动而）哽咽着说，哽咽地说出某事chokeup（因感情激动而）哽咽【误区】bath作动词时，意思是“洗澡；给……洗澡”，同bathe。Thekidswerescreamingwithexcitement.孩子们兴奋地喊叫着。Someonewasscreamingforhelp.有人在喊救命。Sheletoutascreamofpain.她疼得大叫一声。Verysmalltoyscanchokeababy.很小的玩具可使婴儿窒息。Shealmostchokedtodeathinthethickfumes.她几乎被浓烟呛死。Highhousingestatepriceshavechokedoffdemand.高昂的房地产价格制约了需求。Herscreamsweresuddenlychokedoff.她的尖叫声戛然而止。Hechokedoutareply.他哽咽着回答。Theauthorchokedupwhenshebegantotalkabouthermother.作者谈起母亲时，便哽咽着说不出话来。It’syourturntobath/bathethebaby.轮到你给婴儿洗澡了。Themoonbathedthecountrysideinasilverlight.月光下的乡村沐浴在一片银辉之中。【链接高考】（2017全国卷I）Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.我给了房主一段猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿的叫声。（2011江苏卷）Theaudienceandtheplayersfrombothteamsstartedscreaming,“Shay,runtofirst!”NeverinhislifehadShayeverrunthatfarbutmadeittofirstbase,wide-eyedandshocked.观众和两队的球员开始尖叫，“夏伊，跑到第一垒!”在他的一生中，夏伊从来没有跑过那么远的距离，但跑到了第一垒，他睁大眼睛，震惊不已。13.department/dɪˈpɑːtmənt/n.部门，局，系 (2)14.cigarette/ˌsɪɡəˈret/n.香烟(2)15.carpet/ˈkɑːpɪt/n.地毯；覆盖地面的一层厚东西(2)16.automatic/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/adj.自动的；无意识的，不假思索的(2)【原句背诵】MrPeterson,headofthefiredepartment,confirmsthatadroppedcigaretteendonacarpetofthe8thfloorstartedthefireandthattheautomaticfirealarmsdidnotgooffquicklyenoughtopreventthedisaster.【拓展】acarpetofsnow一层厚厚的雪afullyautomaticdriverlesstrain全自动无人驾驶火车automaticallyadv.自动地；机械地；无意识地automatismn.自动；无意识行为automationn.自动化；自动操作automatevt.使自动化，使自动操作vi.自动化，自动操作【熟词生义】carpet作动词时，意思是“把地毯铺在……上；厚厚地铺上”。Moderntrainshaveautomaticdoors.现代火车都有自动门。Alloftheautomaticbodyfunctions,evenbreathing,areaffected.所有无意识的身体功能，甚至呼吸，都受到影响。Breathingisanautomaticfunctionofthebody.呼吸是一种无意识的身体功能。Thehallwascarpetedinblue.大厅铺上了蓝色的地毯。Theforestfloorwascarpetedwithwildflowers.森林的地面上开满了野花。【链接高考】（2018天津卷）Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.大多数还配备了自动火灾报警系统，包括热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷水装置。（2014浙江卷）AtGoogle’soffice,anentireflooriscarpetedinglass.在谷歌的办公室，整块地板都铺着玻璃。（2020浙江卷）Inthepast,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch.马克·波奇说，在过去，人们往往会对日益增长的交通做出自然反应：拓宽道路。（2017天津卷）“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”saysDobrindt.“道路交通法的改变将允许全自动驾驶，”多布林特说。17.investigate/ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/vt.&vi.侦查，调查；研究(2)【原句背诵】Ateamiscurrentlyinvestigatingtheaccidentfurther.【拓展】investigationn.调查；调查研究Thepolicearestillinvestigatingtheaccident.警方还在调查这场事故。Weshouldnotjumptoconclusions.Let’sinvestigatefirst.我们不应该草率下结论。让我们先调查。Thepolicehavecompletedtheirinvestigationsintotheaccident.警察已完成对这次事故的调查。Sheisstillunderinvestigation.她仍在接受调查。【链接高考】（2016安徽卷）Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway—thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans.一些心理学家认为，幼儿通过这种方式学习的不仅仅是物质世界——他们用类似的方法研究人类心理和语言规则。（2013江苏卷）Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.他特别想研究的是鱼龙在一亿五千万年的时间里是如何适应减压问题的。18.comeabout发生(3)【原句背诵】Werelyonnewstolearnaboutwhatishappeningintheworldaroundus.However,weusuallyfindthatreportsonthesameeventscontaindifferentorevencontradictoryinformation.Howdothesedifferencescomeabout?【拓展】comeacrossv.偶遇；无意中发现；讲得清楚明白；[口]给人…印象comeback回来；记起；恢复原状，重新流行comedown下来，降落；流传下来；倒塌；落泊，失势comeonv.快点；开始；要求；上演；跟着来；突然产生comeout出现；出版；结果是comeoutofv.由...产生；从...出来comeup走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出comeupwith提出；想出；赶上Howdidthisunhappystateofaffairscomeabout?这种不幸的情况是怎么发生的呢？Thepeaceagreementcameaboutthroughintensepressurebytheinternationalcommunity.该和平协议是在国际社会的强大压力下产生的。Theexpectedboostinbusinesspromotionhasnotcomeabout.人们所期待的商业促销并未实现。Theprofessorspokeforalongtimebuthismeaningdidn’treallycomeacross.教授讲了很久，但并没有人真正理解他的意思。Whenishernewnovelcomingout?她的新小说何时出版？Shecameupwithanewideaforincreasingsales.她想出了增加销售量的一个新招儿。【链接高考】（2016江苏卷）Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigsmile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.谢莉-安是一个笑容灿烂的小女人。她有一种并非偶然产生的坚强精神。（2020全国卷II）Shetryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.她试图为海狸鼠的时装设计一个标签，以表明它是环保的。（2015湖北卷）Manypeopleareworkinghardtopreservetheseponies,andtryingtocomeupwithplanstofindasustainable(可持续的)futureforoneofDartmoor’smostfinancially-troubledelements.许多人都在努力保护这些矮种马，并试图为达特穆尔省最困难的一个地区制定可持续发展的未来计划。19.journalist/ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/n.新闻记者，新闻工作者(3)20.priority/praɪˈɒrəti/n.优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点(3)【原句背诵】Itisadvisabletorememberthatjournalistsmayhavedifferentpriorities,whichwouldinfluencehowtheyreportanevent.【拓展】journaln.日报，杂志；日记；分类账journalismn.新闻业，新闻工作；报章杂志prioradj.（时间、顺序等）先前的；优先的priorto…在前面的prioritizev.按优先顺序列出，确定(任务)优先顺序；优先处理，优先考虑Thereisnodoubtthatshehasthemakingsofasuccessfuljournalist.毫无疑问，她具备成为一名成功记者的素质。Educationisatoppriority.教育是当务之急。Ourfirstpriorityistoimprovestandards.我们的头等大事是提高水平。ThesearchforanewvaccineforCOVID-19viruseswilltakepriorityoverallothermedicalresearch.在所有医学研究中，新冠病毒疫苗的研究将占据首位。【链接高考】（2016江苏卷）SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.由于最贫穷的人不可能弥补与厄尔尼诺有关的灾害造成的损失，减少他们的损失成为优先考虑的事情。（2011湖南卷）Nowthatweknowtheforestandsavannaelephantsaretwoverydistinctanimals,theforestelephantshouldbecomeabiggerpriority(优先)forconservationpurpose.既然我们知道森林象和草原象是两种不同的动物，出于保护的目的，森林象应该成为优先考虑的目标。21.contradict/ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/vt.相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥(3)22.factual/ˈfæktʃuəl/adj.事实的，真实的(3)【原句背诵】Evenifnewsreportsarewrittenfrombasicallythesameperspective,theymaycontradicteachotherintermsoffactualdetails,aseventsintherealworldareusuallycomplicatedandconstantlychanging.【拓展】contradictionn.矛盾；否认；反驳contradictoryadj.矛盾的；反对的；反驳的；抗辩的n.对立物；矛盾因素Thetwostoriescontradicteachother.这两种说法相互抵触。Thisnewstudy’sfindingswouldseemtocontradictthiscurve.新的研究结果似乎与这一曲线所阐述的原理相抵触。Hiscommentsappearedtocontradictremarksmadeearlierinthedaybythechairman.他的评论好像在反驳主席当天早些时候的言论。Wecannotcondemn（判刑）himwithoutfactualevidence.我们不能在没有真凭实据的情况下就认为他有罪。Hispublicspeechesareindirectcontradictiontohispersonallifestyle.他的公开言论与他本人的生活方式恰恰相反。Wearefacedwithtwoapparentlycontradictorystatements.我们面前这两种说法显然是矛盾的。23.instance/ˈɪnstəns/n.例子，事例(3)forinstance例如，比如(3)24.differ/ˈdɪfə(r)/vi.相异；意见相左(3)【原句背诵】Forinstance,thenumbersofdeathsdifferinthetwonewsreportsontheHendersonTowerfire.【拓展】inthefirstinstance第一；首先differfrom和……不同differin不同在；在…方面存在不同differ(withsb)(about/on/oversth)意见相左；持不同看法；不同意bedifferentfrom和……不同differencen.差异；差别；不同Thereporthighlightsanumberofinstancesofinjustice.这篇报道重点列举了一些不公正的实例。Forinstance,somepeoplebelievethatwearingglassestoosoonweakenstheeyes.例如，有些人认为戴眼镜也会慢慢使视力变差。Inthefirstinstance,notify（通知）thepoliceandthencontactyourinsurancecompany.首先是报警，然后与保险公司联系。Ideasonchildcaremaydifferconsiderablybetweentheparents.在抚育儿童方面父母的观点可能迥然不同。Medicalopiniondiffersastohowtotreatthedisease.如何治疗这种疾病，医学界有不同的看法。【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.由于影响很小，这可能表明我们的创造性思维对完全安静和85分贝的背景噪音的反应并没有太大的差异。（2021新高考I卷）Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.巴黎人跟你我不一样。他们看上去很勤快、整洁。（2019天津卷）Mostfoodwebs，forinstance，consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.例如，大多数食物网都是由许多薄弱环节组成的，而不是由几个牢固的环节组成的。25.conclusion/kənˈkluːʒn/n.结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成(3)26.false/fɔːls/adj.错误的，不真实的；非天生的；假的，伪造的；不真诚的(3)【原句背诵】Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences,weshouldnotrushtotheconclusionthatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation.【拓展】reach/arriveat/cometoa/theconclusion得出结论；达成协议drawa/theconclusion得出结论；推断bringtoaconclusionvt.结束（使终止）；谈定（买卖等）jump/leapto(the)conclusion(that)匆忙下结论；贸然断定rushtoaconclusion匆忙下结论inconclusioninconclusion总之；最后concludevt.推断；决定，作结论；结束vi.推断；断定；决定afalseargument/assumption/belief错误的论据╱假设╱信念togiveafalseimpressionofwealth给人以富有的假象Attheconclusionoftheprogramme,Iaskedthechildreniftheyhadanyquestionstheywantedtoaskme.节目结束时我问孩子们是否有要问我的问题。Ittookthejury（陪审团）sometimetoreachtheconclusionthatthechargedwasguilty.陪审团花了很长时间才得出结论认为被告人有罪。Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyable,andreadilyavailableformofexercise.综上所述，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣而又随时可以开展的运动形式。Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。Predictionsofanearlyimprovementinthehousingmarketprovedfalse.认为房屋市场很快就有好转的预测结果证明是错误的。Shegavefalseinformationtotheinsurancecompany.她向保险公司提供了虚假的资料。【链接高考】（2019全国卷I）Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.在分析他的研究和其他研究时，普林斯坦得出了另一个结论：讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活结果有关，而且也对这些结果负责。（2011湖南卷）ArecentstudyofancientandmodernelephantshascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct(不同的)species.最近一项对古代大象和现代大象的研究得出了一个意想不到的结论：非洲大象可以分为两个不同的物种。（2018天津卷）Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.虚报火警是违法的，可能会导致监禁。27.bringsthtolight揭露，披露(3)【原句背诵】Newsreportswrittenatdifferentstagesofaneventcouldcontaindifferentinformationasnewfactsarebroughttolight.【拓展】bringabout引起；[航]使掉头bringforward提出；提前；结转bringup提出；教育；养育；呕出；[航]（船等）停下bringin引进；生产；增加bringout出版，生产；使显示；说出bringback拿回来；使…恢复；使…回忆起来bringdown降低；打倒，打死；击落bringintoeffect实施；实行；使生效bringanendtovt.结束，使完结【误区】cometolight常作用不及物动词词组。Thesefactshaveonlyjustbeenbroughttolight.这些事实刚刚才被披露出来。Theaimofgrammaticalresearchistobringtolighttheinnerconnectionbetweentheformandthecontentoftheexpression.语法研究的目的在于揭示语言的表达形式与表现内容的之间内在联系。Thepoliticianwantstobringtolightimportantissuesthataffectthecommunity.政客想要将那些影响社区的重要问题揭露出来。NewfactsaboutancientEgypthaverecentlycometolight.关于古代埃及的新事实最近被发现。【链接高考】（2020天津卷）Ifapopularmagazineyouwantisn’tofferedandthelibrarykeepsalistofsuchrequests,theymaybringitinwhenenoughinterestisshown.如果你想要的流行杂志没有提供，而图书馆有一份这样的要求清单，当你表现出足够的兴趣时，他们可能会把杂志拿来。（2020全国卷II）Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).一些生态学家和时尚爱好者正试图恢复海狸鼠皮草的市场。（2015陕西卷）Theproductionofcoffeebeansisahuge,profitablebusiness,but,unfortunately,full-sunproductionistakingovertheindustryandbringingaboutalotofdamage.咖啡豆的生产是一个巨大的、有利可图的行业，但不幸的是，全日照生产正在接管这个行业，并带来了很多损害。28.minimum/ˈmɪnɪməm/n.最小值，最少量adj.最低的，最小的(3)29.maximum/ˈmæksɪməm/n.最大量，最大限度adj.最高的，最多的(3)【原句背诵】Supposeemergencyservices’estimatesofthenumberofdeathsvarybetween5and9.Journalistsmaychoosetopresenttheminimum,themaximumorsomethinginbetweenintheirnewsreports.【拓展】aminimumcharge/price最低收费╱价格theminimumageforretirement退休的最低年龄themaximumspeed/temperature/volume最快速度；最高气温；最大音量minimizevt.使减到最少；小看，极度轻视vi.最小化maximizev.（使）增加到最大限度；充分利用；找到……的最高值；最大化Theworkwasdonewiththeminimumamountofeffort.做这项工作没费什么劲。You’retalkingoverathousanddollarsminimumforonecourse.你们在讨论一门课程至少一千美元。Temperatureswillfalltoaminimumof10degrees.气温会降到最低点10度。Underplanninglawthemaximumheightforafenceis6feet.根据规定，栅栏的最高高度为6英尺。Ineedthemaximumamountofinformationyoucangiveme.我需要你所能给我的最大的信息量。Thejobwillrequireyoutouseallyourskillstothemaximum.这项工作要求你最大限度地发挥你的技能。【链接高考】（2018全国卷I）MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.无论上午还是下午，自行车骑行是新来者和当地人希望以一种健康的不费力的方式来体验华盛顿特区。（2015天津卷）Minimumquiethoursinallcampusresidencesare11:00pmto8:00amSundaythroughThursday.所有校园公寓的最安静时间是周日到周四晚上11点到早上8点。（2012湖北卷）Girlswithbrothersshowtheirdifferencestoamaximumdegreebybeingmorefemininethangirlswithsisters.有兄弟的女孩比有姐妹的女孩更女性化，这最大程度上体现了她们的差异。30.sum/sʌm/vt.总结，概括n.金额，款项；总和，总数；全部(3)sumup总结，概括(3)31.accurate/ˈækjərət/adj.正确无误的；精确的(3)【原句背诵】Tosumup,itiswisetoreadnewsreportswrittenfromvariousperspectivesandatdifferentstages,whichbringsusamoreaccurateunderstandingofasituation.【拓展】alargesumofmoney一大笔钱asix-figuresum一笔六位数的款项insum总之；总而言之anaccuratedescription/account/calculation准确的描述╱叙述╱计算accurateinformation/data正确无误的情报╱资料accuratelyadv.精确地；准确地accuracyn.精确度；准确性【误区】注意形容词accurate到名词accuracy的词形变化！Tosumup,therearethreemainwaysoftacklingtheproblem.概括起来说，主要有三种方法解决这个问题。CanIjustsumupwhatwe’veagreedsofar?我可否就目前已经达成的共识作个概括？Thesumofalltheanglesofatriangleis180degrees.三角形的角度之和是180度。Thedriverwasfinedthesumof￡200duetooverspeed.司机因超速被罚款200英镑。Werequiregrammarandspellingtobeaccurate.我们要求语法与拼写正确无误。Policehavestressedthatthisisthemostaccuratedescriptionofthekillertodate.警方已强调这是到目前为止对杀人犯最精确的描述。Itwillbemanyyearsbeforeanyonecanpredictahurricane’sbehaviourwithmuchaccuracy.要准确地预测飓风的线路尚需时日。【链接高考】（2019全国卷III）Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.如果猴子触摸屏幕的左侧，它们将得到七滴水或果汁作为奖励；如果他们选择圆圈，他们将得到数字的总和——在这个例子中是17。（2021新高考I卷）Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者。（2016上海卷）Thesimplifiedversionwouldbecheckedbyathirdpartyandawardedakitemarkifitisanaccuratereflectionoftheoriginal.简化本将由第三方检查，如果它准确地反映了原件，就会获得一个风筝标志。32.committed/kəˈmɪtɪd/adj.尽心尽力的；承诺过的 (3)【参考词条36】becommittedto致力于；承诺过(3)【原句背诵】Thoughjournalistsarecommittedtopresentingthetruth,itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonnewsreports.【拓展】acommittedmemberoftheteam忠于职守的队员commitvt.犯罪；把……交托给；指派……作战；使……承担义务；vi.忠于（某个人、机构等）；承诺commitsb/oneself(tosth/todoingsth)承诺，保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）commitment/kəˈmɪtmənt/n.献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费【误区】在becommittedto和commit…to…中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。Theyarecommittedsocialists.他们是坚定的社会主义者。Thegovernmentiscommittedtoreforminghealthcare.政府承诺要改革卫生保健制度。IwouldadvisepeopletothinkverycarefullyaboutcommittingthemselvestoworkingSundays.我会建议人们认真考虑答应周日工作。【链接高考】（2013北京卷）TheschoolsthatIvisitinNottinghamarefullofexperiencedstaffcommittedtogivingourchildrenacaringandinspiringlearningenvironment.我在诺丁汉访问的学校都有经验丰富的工作人员，致力于给孩子们一个充满爱心和鼓舞人心的学习环境。（2017天津卷）Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.最尴尬的邮件错误通常是在愤怒时犯的。33.discrimination/dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/n.辨别力，识别力；歧视，区别对待(3)【原句背诵】Withgreatdiscrimination,everyoneofushasthepotentialtobeacriticalnewsreader.【拓展】tolearndiscriminationbetweenrightandwrong学会分辨是非finediscriminations细微区别age/racial/sex/sexualdiscrimination(=becauseofsb’sage,raceorsex)年龄╱种族╱性别歧视discriminationagainsttheelderly歧视老人discriminatevt.歧视；区别；辨别vi.区别；辨别discriminate(betweenAandB)discriminateAfromB区别；辨别；区分【误区】多关注该词作“鉴赏力；辨别力”时的用法！Heshowedgreatdiscriminationinhischoiceoffriends.他在择友方面颇具慧眼。Theycookedwithoutskillandatewithoutdiscrimination.他们做饭没厨艺，吃饭没品味。Recentmeasureshavenoteliminated（消除）discriminationinemployment.最近的举措还未能根除就业歧视。Heisincapableofdiscriminatingbetweenagoodideaandaterribleone.他不能辨别好主意和坏主意。【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.减少对妇女的歧视。34.curiosity/ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/n.好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品(5)【原句背诵】Secondly,youmusthaveanaturalcuriosityaboutthingsthatarehappening,eventhoughtheymayappeartobe(4)minormatters.【拓展】curiosity(aboutsth)/(todosth)好奇心；求知欲outofcuriosity出于好奇心intellectualcuriosity求知欲arouseone’scuriosity激发好奇心curiousadj.好奇的；有求知欲的becuriousaboutsth/todosth求知欲强的；好奇的【误区】关注形容词curious到名词curiosity的词形变化！Childrenshowcuriosityabouteverything.儿童对一切事物都显露出好奇心。Theletterwasn’taddressedtomebutIopeneditoutofcuriosity.那封信不是写给我的，然而我却出于好奇把它拆开了。TheLouvreMuseumisfullofhistoricalcuriosities.罗浮宫藏有许多珍奇历史文物。SincethelaunchofTianwenIProbe,peoplehavebecomemorecuriousaboutwhatisontheMars.自从“天问一号”探测器发射以来，人们更加好奇火星上有什么。EveryonewascuriousastowhyMarkwasleaving.马克为什么要离去，大家都感到好奇。Tomissuchacuriousboy,alwaysaskingquestions.汤姆是求知欲很强的孩子，总是爱提问。【链接高考】（2021浙江卷）Hewasthrilledtobedoingthecomedythathealwaysfeltheshoulddo,butevenduringhislastfewyears,healwayshadasenseofcuriosity,wonderingwhatnewroleorchallengemightbejustaroundthecorner.他很高兴能出演这部他一直认为自己应该出演的喜剧，但即使是在他生命的最后几年，他一直怀有好奇心，期待新的角色或即将到来的挑战。（2020天津卷）Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.我们得强迫自己唤醒好奇心和不满足，让它们保持清醒的状态。（2020天津卷）LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满足地问：“为什么?”为什么?为什么?”35.journalism/ˈdʒɜːnəlɪzəm/n.新闻业，新闻工作(5)【原句背诵】AccordingtoNoamChomsky,“Thedutyofjournalistsistotellthetruth.Journalismmeansyougobacktotheactualfacts,youlookatthedocuments,youdiscoverwhattherecordis,andyoureportitthatway.”Hebeganacareerinjournalism,workingfortheNewYorkTimes.他开始从事新闻事业，供职于《纽约时报》。36.commitment/kəˈmɪtmənt/n.献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费(5)【参考词条32】【原句背诵】To(8)sumup,beingagoodjournalistrequireswritingskills,curiosityandcommitmenttofindingthetruth.Goodluck!【拓展】acommitmenttosb/sth/todoingsth承诺；许诺；保证makeacommitmenttodosth承诺做某事commitmenttosb/sth（对工作或某活动）献身，奉献，投入Thecompany’scommitmenttoprovidingqualityatareasonablepricehasbeenvitaltoitssuccess.这家公司保证供货质优价廉的承诺对它的成功起了决定性的作用。Thegovernmenthasmadeacommitmenttopublicservices.政府对公共服务事业做出承诺。Wemadeacommitme