CellTypesReviewandPlasmamembrane细胞类型的审查与等离子体膜课件

CellTypesReviewandPlasma(cell)membraneCellTypesReviewandPlasma(1Section2Objectives–page175SectionObjectives

Identifythedifferencesbetweeneukaryoticandprokaryoticcells.ReviewthestructureandfunctionoftheplasmamembraneSection2Objectives–page172Section7.1Summary–pages171-174Cellsthatdonotcontaininternal membrane-boundstructuresarecalled prokaryoticcells.Thecellsofmostunicellularorganisms suchasbacteriadonothavemembrane boundstructuresandarethereforecalled prokaryotes.TwoBasicCellTypesSection7.1Summary–pages173Section7.1Summary–pages171-174Mostofthemulti-cellularplantsand animalsweknowaremadeupofcells containingmembrane-boundstructuresand arethereforecalledeukaryotes.Cellscontainingmembrane-boundstructures arecalledeukaryoticcells.7.1TwoBasicCellTypesSection7.1Summary–pages174Section7.1Summary–pages171-174Themembrane-boundstructureswithineukaryoticcellsarecalledorganelles.Eachorganellehasaspecificfunctionthatcontributestocellsurvival.TwoBasicCellTypesSection7.1Summary–pages175Section7.1Summary–pages171-174Thenucleusisthecentralmembrane-boundorganellethatmanagescellularfunctions.Separationoforganellesintodistinct compartmentsbenefitstheeukaryotic cells.TwoBasicCellTypesSection7.1Summary–pages176Section1CheckPlasmamembraneNucleusNucleolusChromosomesOrganellesCheck-up:

Whatmakesthiscelleukaryotic?A.Becauseithasmembrane-boundorganelles.B.BecauseitdoesnothaveDNA.Section1CheckPlasmamembrane7SummarySection2–pages175-178Alllivingcellsmustmaintainabalanceregardlessofinternalandexternalconditions.Survivaldependsonthecell’sabilitytomaintaintheproperconditionswithinitself.SummarySection2–pages175-8SummarySection2–pages175-178Whycellsmustcontrolmaterials

Theplasmamembraneistheboundarybetweenthecellanditsenvironment.SummarySection2–pages175-9SummarySection2–pages175-178Itistheplasmamembrane’sjobto:

allowwasteandotherproductstoleavethe cell.removeexcessamountsofthesenutrientswhen levelsgetsohighthattheyareharmful.allowasteadysupplyofglucose,aminoacids, andlipidstocomeintothecellnomatterwhat theexternalconditionsare.SummarySection2–pages175-10SummarySection2–pages175-178Thisprocessofmaintainingthecell’senvironmentiscalledhomeostasis.

Selectivepermeability

isaprocessusedtomaintainhomeostasisinwhichtheplasmamembraneallowssomemoleculesintothecellwhilekeepingothersout.SummarySection2–pages175-11SummarySection2–pages175-178WaterPlasmaMembraneSummarySection2–pages175-12SummarySection2–pages175-178StructureofthePlasmaMembraneTheplasmamembraneiscomposedoftwolayersofphospholipidsback-to-back.

Phospholipidsarelipidswithaphosphateattachedtothem.SummarySection2–pages175-13SummarySection2–pages175-178MakeupofthephospholipidbilayerThephosphategroupiscriticalfortheformationandfunctionoftheplasmamembrane.PhosphateGroupispolarlikewater.Thetailsarenon-PolaranddonotInteractwithwaterSummarySection2–pages175-14SummarySection2–pages175-178MakeupofthephospholipidbilayerThefluidmosaicmodel

describestheplasmamembraneasaflexibleboundaryofacell.Thephospholipidsmovewithinthemembrane.SummarySection2–pages175-15SummarySection2–pages175-178Othercomponentsoftheplasmamembrane:

Cholesterolplaystheimportantroleofpreventingthefattyacidchainsofthephospholipidsfromstickingtogether–itgivesitstrength.CholesterolMoleculeSummarySection2–pages175-16SummarySection2–pages175-178Othercomponentsoftheplasmamembrane:

Transportproteinsallowneededsub