高考英语阅读技巧市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件

高考英语阅读技巧1/39高考阅读4篇——30分，25%题材多样，包含日常生活，传说，人物，社会，文化，史地，科技，政治，经济等；体裁多样，应包含记叙文，描写文，说明文，议论文，应用文等。

2/39难点一——词汇障碍生词，熟词生义下题中划线词可换为：NewYork,10November,5:27p.m.,yesterday.Biggestpowerfailureinthecity’shistory.A.enoughB.notpassingC.lackofD.lack分析：本题正确答案为D。failure是fail变来名词，有“失败；失败者；失败事”意思。本句powerfailure可翻译为“停电”。再如：cropfailure“庄稼欠收”；heartfailure“心力衰竭”。3/39猜词义法一——构词法Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.分析：anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-组成，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”意思。AlthoughsimplifiedChinesecharacterswereacceptedforusemanyyearsago,itseemsthatmoreandmorepeoplelikeChinesecharactersinthecomplexform.分析：simplified跟simple是同根词，带有-ed显然是过去分词形式形容词。许多年以前我们采取了什么跟“简单”相关汉字呢？不难想到是“简化”汉字。4/39猜词义法二——利用常识经验RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans_______.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingup分析：本题正确答案为B。由常识可知，雨林能够“吸收”空气中CO2。所以mopup意为“吸收、吸纳”，故选B。5/39猜词义法三——利用词性转换TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways-education,medicine,andbusiness.Theunderlinedwork“aging”means______.A.countingthenumberofyearssomeonelivesB.thenumbersofyearssomeonelivesC.becomingolderD.makingsomeonelookingolder分析：本题正确答案为C。我们熟悉是age作名词用时是“年纪”意思，而此处是作动词用，意思是“老化”。6/39难点二——阅读速度慢About>words,60words/min,<45min阅读方法——花费时间干扰项

7/39阅读方法一——先看题目首先，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题其次，找出题眼，快速定位最终，能快速了解文章内容，有利于排除干扰项（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求内容（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容（3）与原文内容极其相同，只是在程度上有些变动（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反（5）部分正确，部分错误

8/39阅读方法二——略读，细读略读（skimming）——找关键词，找主题句，对名称、日期、地点多加留心细读（scanning）——依据关键词，题眼找细节9/39阅读方法三——把握文章特点记叙文——人物，时间，地点，按事件发生、发展、结局展开议论文——论点、论据、结论说明文——下定义，举例子应用文——广告、手册，提供信息，缩略词，语法简略，找关键词

10/39题型主旨题（包含加标题）细节题字面了解题推断题（包含词义，句义，观点态度）11/39主旨题Questionforms:Themainidea/keypoint/purpose/subjectmatterofthispassageisthat_________.Fromthepassagewelearn/canconcludethat________.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith_________.What’sthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Skills:

Findouttopic/keysentences12/39主题句找法：文章开头，结尾，中间（归纳，演绎）由若干中心句合并组成并无显著中心句，需要自己概括13/39年A篇Thereisnoconvincingevidencethatsocialconditioning,thefactthatgirls'motherstalkedthemmore,isthereasonwhygirlstalkmorethanboys.PsychiatristDrMichaelLewis,authorSocialBehaviourandLanguageAcquisition,conductedexperimentsthatfoundmotherstalked

toandlookedat,babygirlsmoreoftenthanbabyboys.Scientificevidenceshowsparentsresthebrainbiasoftheirchildren.Sinceagirl'sbrainisbetterorganizedtosendandreceivespeech,wethereforetalktothemmore.Consequently,motherswhotrytotalktotheirsonsareusuallypointedtoreceiveonlyshortgruntsinreply.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusmost?A.Women'sbrainsarebetterorganizedforlanguageandcommunicationB.Womenlovetotalkbecausetheyaremoresociablethanmen.C.Mendonotliketalkingbecausetheyrelymoreonfacts.D.Socialconditioningisnotthereasonwhywomenlovetalking.选(A)14/39练一练Manypeoplethinkatelephoneisessential.ButIthinkit’sapestandatimewaster.Veryoftenyoufinditimpossibletoescapefromsomeidleorcuriouschatterbox,orfromsomebodywhowantssomethingfornothing.Ifyouhaveatelephoneinyourownhouse,youwilladmitthatittendstoringwhenyouareasleep,ofinthemiddleofamealoraconversation,orwhenyouarejustgoingout,orwhenyouaretakingyourbath.Areyoustrong-mindedenoughtoignoreit,tosaytoyourself,“Ah,well,itwillallbethesameinahundredyear’stime?”Youarenot.Youthinktherearemaybesomeimportantnewsormessagesforyou.Icanassureyouthatifamessageisreallyimportantitwillreachyousoonerorlater.Haven’tyoueverrusheddrippingfromthebath,orchewingfromthetable,ordazedfromthebed,onlytobetoldthatyouareawrongnumber?Butyouwillsay,youneednothaveyournameprintedinthetelephonedirectory,andyoucanhaveatelephonewhichisonlyunableforoutgoingcalls.Besidesyouwillsay,isn’titimportanttohaveatelephoneincaseofemergency-illness,anaccident,orfire?Ofcourseyouareright,buthereinathicklypopulatedcountrylikeEngland,oneisseldomfarfromatelephoneincaseofdreadfulnecessity.IthinkperhapsIhadbettertrytojustifymyselfbytryingtoprovethatwhatIlikeisgood.Iadmitthatindifferentcircumstances-IfyouwereabusinessVIP,forinstance,orabedriddenperson-Imightfindatelephoneessential.ButthenifIwereataxidriver,Ishouldfindacaressential.Letmeputitanotherway:therearetwothingsforwhichtheEnglishseemtoshowparticulartalent.Oneismechanicalinvention,theotherisliterature.MyownbusinesshappenstobewiththeuseofwordsbutIseeImustnowstopusingthem.ForIhavejustbeenhandedaslipofpapertosaythatsomebodyiswaitingtospeaktomeonthetelephone.IthinkIhadbetteranswerit.Afterall,oneneverknows,itmaybesomethingimportant.15/39

THEPASSAGEISMAINLYABOUT______.A.thatweshouldbestrongenoughtoignoreaphonecallB.thatimportantmessagewillreachyousoonerorlaterC.whetherit’snecessarytoansweralltelephonecallsD.whetheritisnecessarytohaveatelephone分析：文章每一自然段主题句分别是：1.Manypeoplethinkatelephoneisessential.ButIthinkit’sapestandatimewaster.2.…butinathicklypopulatedcountrylikeEngland,oneisseldomfarfromatelephoneincaseofdreadfulnecessity.3.IthinkperhapsIhadbettertrytojustifymyselfbytryingtoprovethatwhatIlikeisgood.4.Letmeputitanotherway.

都是围绕是否有必要拥有电话而展开，作者观点很明确，就是没有必要拥有一部电话机，所以本题应选D。16/39加标题年A篇17/39分析：第一段由爱迪生、贝尔等著名创造家说起，引申到创造雨刮器、交通灯等这些不太有名创造者，提出问题“莫非我们不应该了解他们么？”揭示了整篇主题。第二段列举一位专门搜集整剪创造家及其创造研究者，解释这项工作意义，那就是有利于激发学生创造性。第三段回顾雨刮器创造过程。第四段总结这些不起眼创造对我们生活影响。全篇都以雨刮器为例，讲述这项创造来龙去脉以及意义所在，A项“帮助学生推销创造”文中没提到，B项与文章相关，但创造方法不是本文重点，D项“是否应该在大学中推广创造课程”即使与文章相关，但这个题目应该着重阐述创造课程利弊，这显然与文章中雨刮器创造相差甚远，而C项紧紧围绕第一段末尾问题，故正确。18/39细节题要求考生对阅读材料中某一详细事实和细节进行了解。大都依据文章中详细信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、叙述等进行提问。有些能够在文章中直接找到答案，有些需要在了解基础上将相关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。解题时，无须通篇细看，可采取“带着问题找答案”方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，以此为线索。想快速地识别和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地利用略读及细读技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关段落、语句，对照比较，确定答案。19/39QUESTIONFORMS:1.特殊疑问句形式：Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/Howsoon/often…2.是非题形式：true/false或except?Accordingtothepassage,Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_____.3.填空题形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised_____

（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat_____（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon_____.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit_____.（5）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto_____.

20/39年C篇——TRANSPORTGUIDEWecanlearnfromthepassagethat：A．Busesarescheduledasusualonweekendsandpublicholidays.B．RegularstudentsatQUTneedtobuyadulttickets.C．PrepaidticketscanbeboughtfromthePublicTransportInformationCentre.D．Ten-tripSaverscanbeusedatoff-peaktime.21/39A．Busesarescheduledasusualonweekendsandpublicholidays(X)TEXT:

Onweekendsandpublicholidaysbusesoperatelessfrequently.22/39B．RegularstudentsatQUTneedtobuyadulttickets.

(X)TEXT:

Short-termstudentsatQUTcannotusetheirIDcardstogainadiscountfareonBCCpublictransport．23/39C．Pre-paidticketscanbeboughtfromthePublicTransportInformationCentre.(X)TEXT:Pre-paidbusticketscanbepurchasedfromtheQUTbookshop，thecampusnewsagency,mostothernewsagenciesandgeneralstores，andanyBCCCustomerServiceCentre.Transportroutes,timetablesandfareinformationareavailablefromPTIC.24/39D．Ten-tripSaverscanbeusedatoff-peaktime.

(O)Text:Ten-tripSaver:10tripsatanytimewithinthezonesonbusesandferriesonly．25/39练一练

HousepricesinEnglandincreasedsharplybetween1971and1972.ThefollowingrecordshowmuchahouseinCehlseaLondon,hadriseninpricesince1955.TakeNo29SmithTerraceforexample.In1955,JaneGreysolditfor£.Mrs.BowenaBlackboughtitfor£4900andsolditnineyearslatertoBillandGreenWhitefor£22950.Nowfouryearslater,in1972,thehouseisvaluedat£30000.1.Thepriceofthehousewas____ashighin1972asintheyearJaneGreysoldit.A.abouttentimesB.twiceC.150percentD.fifteentimes

2.Mrs.BowenaBlackmadeaprofitof____.A.£2900B.£8050C.£7050D.£1805026/39字面了解题推断词义，句义了解语境，顺蔓摸瓜Questionforms:Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_________.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_________.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?Bysaying“…”wemean_________.“…”,asusedinthepassage,canbestbedefinedas_________.27/39年A篇Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohnsonaredescendantsofJohn,theRobertfamily’sancestorwasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMcorO.PerhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheMcdonnellsandtheO’DonnellsaredescendantsofthesameDonnell.Theunderlinedword“descendants”inthelastparagraphmeansaperson’s______.A.latergenerationB.friendandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors(A)28/39练一练Appletreesmaygrowastallastwelvemeters.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughnofruitis

yielded

duringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.Thewordyieldedinthelastsentencemeans____A.improvedB.increasedC.producedD.sold选(C)Thiskindofflowerthrivesinthisareabecausetheweatheriswarm,thesoilisexcellentandthereisalotofrain.A.growswellB.makesafewflowersC.diesD.failstogrow选(A)29/39逻辑推断题对作者意图、人物动机、事物发展趋势、因果关系做出合理推断。通篇阅读，不能断章取义；找出线索，不能凭空臆测。30/39QUESTIONFORMS:常以infer，imply，indicate，suggest，conclude，learn，intendmean，describe，purpose等词提问；或含有表推测情态动词，can，could，might，would等和其它表示可能性动词，如probably，mostlikely等。Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat_________.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?Thepassageimplies,butdoesn’tdirectlystatethat_________.Thewritersuggeststhat_________.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthistextis________.31/39第一招——注意连词使用英语重视文章结构性，汉语重视文章逻辑性，所以英语中多用介词、连词，用来表示次序、因果关系，连词在保持文章连贯衔接，表示作者意图方面起着主要作用，请体会：Neartheendofthelastyearinmiddleschool，mydadtookmetothewildliferefuge.Heneededtogetsomealligatorbloodtodotheexperiment.Atfirst，Ithoughtfishingforalligatorswasabadidea.Whatifonetriedtoeatme？But

wehadalotofhelp，andmydadknewalotaboutalligators，soitwasOK.Whydidthewriterthinkthatfishingforalligatorswasabadideaatfirst？A.Becausethewriterwasafraidofthefiercealligators.B.Becauseweshouldprotectalligators.C.Becausethewriterwasnotasbraveashisfather.D.Becausethewriterknewlittleaboutalligators.32/39分析：经过第一句可知这是倒叙。我们知道了结果：作者去了野生动物保护区。接下来是作者当初由反感、害怕到最终打消顾虑同意去。都是经过连接词atfirst，but，so等展开。搞清了作者思想波动就不难选出正确答案A了33/39第二招——注意一些形容词和特殊句式透过一些形容词能够看出作者倾向，如：Isn'tthatwonderfulifwegettherebyair？(作者希望坐飞机去那里。)一些句型表面看上去是比较级，而实际上是最高级含义。Mymotherdecidedtotakemeonthetrip.Itcouldn'tbebetter.(Itcouldn'tbebetter=It'sgreat.意为“太好了”)一些否定形式句子实际上是必定含义：Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingourenvironmenttoomuch.(再怎么强调保护环境主要性也不过分。)作者以这么句子表达自己观点：必须加大力度保护环境。注意虚拟语气使用。HowIwishIhadpassedthedrivingtest.(我多么希望已经过了驾照考试呀！)此句暗含事实是：并没经过考试。34/39第三招——利用语境褒贬性进行推断年D篇——High-speedRailway69.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardsChina’shigh-speedrailwayplan?A.CriticalB.ReservedC.DoubtfulD.PositiveText:1.Imagine,oneday,gettingoutofbedinBeijingandbeingatyourofficeinShanghaiinonlyacoupleofhours,andthen,afterafulldayofwork,goingbackhometoBeijingandhavingdinnerthere.Soundsunusual,doesn’tit?Butit’snotthatunrealistic.35/392.ForChina,suchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch-neededresources,butwouldalsohelpdevelopChina’sfarwest.分析：第一句中only突出高铁快捷，unusual和unrealistic表示对高铁速度之快惊叹，第二句中helpdevelopChina’sfarwest说明高铁能促进中国西部发展，这些都表明了作者对高铁工程必定和期盼，显然是褒义，所以选D.Positive。36/39练一练Isitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar?Warhasexistedforatleastsixthousandyears.Itwasalwaysevilandusuallyfoolish,butinthepastthehumanracemanagedtolivewithit.Modernskillhaschangedthis.Eithermanwillendwar,orwarwillendman.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweapons(核武器)thatcausethegreatestdanger,butbacteriologicalorchemicalweaponsmay,beforelong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwesucceededinstoppingwar,therewouldbenodangerforus.Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalquestionsinanewway,notbycontestsofforce,inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskillfulinkillingpeople,butbytalkinginaccordancewithagreedrulesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeoldmentalhabits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.Somepeoplehold