高级英语-Love-is-a-Fallacy省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件

LoveIsaFallacyMaxShulmanUnit4第1页Teaching

Plan第2页TeachingObjectivesTohaveabasicknowledgeofthetermsinlogicTounderstandwhatloveisinanaffluentsocietyToappreciatethehumorousandsatiricalwritingstyleToappreciatethelanguage第3页TeachingFocusTherulesoflogic:tounderstandalltheeightfallaciesreferredinthetext.Theparticularwritingstyleoftheauthor.Thelight,humorous,yetimpressingwayofdepictingthings.Subjective,personal,sensible.第4页TeachingFocusTheself-boastingtoneof“I”.Differentadjectivesappliedtodescribe“I”andmy“rival”PeteyBurch.Thepositive,neutralandnegativesensesofthesimilaradjectives.第5页TeachingMethodsTeacher-orientedteachingmethodStudent-orientedteachingmethodTheelicitedmethod第6页TeachingProcedureⅠ.IntroductoryRemarksⅡ.BackgroundInformationⅢ.LearningFocusⅣ.KeywordsandExpressionsⅤ.ExplanationoftheText第7页Ⅵ.DivisionoftheTextⅦ.TheWritingStyleⅧ.ThePersonalityofDobieⅨ.Exercises第8页Introductory

Remarks第9页Ⅰ.IntroductoryRemarksAboutthetitle“Thereisdeceptiveordelusivequalityaboutlove”.“Lovecannotbededucedfromasetofgivenpremises”.第10页AbouttheauthorMaxSchulmananAmerican’sbest-knownhumoristsaproductivewriterofmanytalents第11页Hisworks

BarefootboywithCheekTheFeathermerchantRallyRoundtheFlag,BoysTheManyLovesofDobieGillis第12页AboutthetextThetextisexcerptedfromTheManylovesofDobbieGillisbyMaxShulman.Itisapieceofnarrativewriting.第13页Thenarratorofthestory,DobieGillis,aself-conceitedfreshmaninaschoolstrugglesagainstPeteyBurch,hisstupidroommatewhosegirlfriendheplanstostealandPollyEspy,thebeautifuldumb

girlheintendstomarryaftersuitablereeducation.第14页DetailedStudyoftheText第15页Ⅱ.BackgroundInformationExplanationofthelogicalFallaciesAlogicalargumentgivesevidencetosupportsomeconclusion.twonecessaryparts:aconclusionthethesisarguesforcertainpremisesorfactsonwhichtobasetheconclusion第16页Theconclusionistobeinferredfromthepremises.Anargumentisdeductivelyvalidwhenitspremisesprovideconclusiveevidencefortheconclusion.Anargumentthatfailstobeconclusivelydeducedisinvalidandfallacious.第17页Anargumentmaybefallaciousinthreeways:fallaciousinitsmaterialcontentbecauseoftheuseofamisstatementofthefacts;

fallaciousinitswordingbecauseofanincorrectuseofterm;fallaciousinitsformbecauseoftheuseofanimproperprocessofinference.第18页Fallaciesaredividedintothreegroups:a)material---fallaciesofpresumptionb)verbal---fallaciesofambiguityc)formal---astructuralpatternofgenericallyincorrectreasoningThefallaciesmentionedinthetextarematerialfallacies:第19页1.DictoSimpliciter绝对判断（FallacyofAccident）Anargumentbasedonanunqualifiedgeneralization.Theargumentappliesageneralruletoaparticularcaseinwhichsomespecialcircumstancesmakestheruleinapplicable.第20页2.HastyGeneralization（仓促推断）Theconversefallacyofaccidentariseswhenaspecialcaseisimproperlyappliedasageneralrule.Forinstance,acertainfoodisdelicioustosomepeople,butthefactdoesnotimplythatitisdelicioustoallpeople.第21页3.TheFallacyofIrrelevantConclusionItoccurswhentheconclusionchangesthepointthatisunderconsiderationinthepremises.Specialcasesofirrelevantconclusionareproducedbytheso-calledfallaciesofirrelevance,whichinclude:第22页1)PostHocergopropterhoc牵强附会/假性因果ThefallacyofFalseCause

Thefallacymislocatesthecauseofonephenomenoninanotherthatisonlyseeminglyrelated.第23页2)ContradictoryPremises循环论证BeggingtheQuestion

Itcomesintobeingwhenthepremisesopenlyorcovertlypresumetheveryconclusiontobedemonstrated.第24页3）AdMisericordiam文不对题（appealtopity)

Inalawcourt,atriallawyerdoesn’targueforhisclient’sinnocence,buthetriestomovethejurytosympathyforhim,justasapplicantforajobdoesn’tanswerthequestionraisedbytheboss.Insteadhetriestoappealtothebosssympathybysayingsomethingaboutthepoorsituationofhisfamily.第25页4)FalseAnalogy

“Itdoenotfollow”ariseswhenthereisnotevenadeceptivelyplausibleappearanceofvalidreasoning,becausethegivenpremiseshavevirtuallynothingtodowiththeconclusiondrawnfromthem.第26页5）HypothesisContrarytoFact

Thefallacyofmanyquestionsconsistsinaskingfororgivingasingleanswertoaquestionwhenthisanswercouldeitherbeseparateorrefusedcompletely.第27页6)PoisoningtheWell（井中投毒）

Speaking“againsttheman”ratherthantoissue,orthefallacyofPoisoningtheWellinthetextwherethepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonapersonholdingsomethesisratherthanoffergroundsshowingwhywhathesaysisfalse.

第28页Ⅲ.LearningFocusStructureoftheNarration1.Theprotagonist:DobieGillis---aselfconceitedfreshman2.Theantagonist:PeteyBurch---hisstupidroommatePollyEspy---thebeautifuldumbgirl第29页3.Thetime:duringtheperiodofbeingstudents4.Theplace:onthecampusoftheuniversityofMinnesota5.Themaintheme:loveisaFallacy6.Theplot:FocusonaRaccoonCoat

第30页Ⅳ.KeywordsandExpressions1.unfetter:tofreefromfetters;tofreefromrestraintofanykind;liberate---freeandunfetteredtrade

2.mumble:tospeakorsayindistinctlyandinalowvoice,mutter---Iwishyouwouldn’tmumble.---Ican’thearyouclearly.第31页3.shed:castofforlosehair---Alltheleaveshaveshed.4.covet:wantardently;longforwithenvy---It’sasintocovet.第32页5.veer:changedirection;shift;turnorswingaround---Thewindveeredroundtothewest.6.swivel:turnon---Heswiveledthecameraonthetripodtofollowtheriders.第33页7.wax:togrowgraduallylarger;increaseinstrength,intensity,volume---Themoonwaxes.8.wince:toshrinkordrawbackslightly,usuallywithagrimace,asinpain,embarrassment,etc.---Hewincedattheinsult.第34页9.chirp:speakinlivelyway

10.blubber:weeploudly,likeachild11.fashion:shape;mold---Hefashionedtheclayintoajar.第35页12.croak:tospeakinalow,roughvoiceasifyouhaveasorethroat---Thecrowcroakeddisaster.13.reel:togivewayorfallback;sway,waverorstaggerasfrombeingstruck---Hereeledfromthesharpblow.第36页14.bellow:cryoutloudly,asinangerorpain15.enterprising:fullofenergyandinitiative;willingtoundertakenewprojects第37页16.flaccid:hanginginloosefoldsorwrinkles;softandlimp17.pedantic:oforlikeapedant18.calculating:shrewdorcunning,esp.inaselfishway第38页19.astute:havingorshowingacleverorshrewdmind;cunning;crafty20.unsightly:notslightly,notpleasanttolookat;ugly21.cerebral:appealingtotheintellectratherthantheemotions,intellectual第39页22.pin-up:designatingagirlwhosesexualattractivenessmakesherasubjectforthekindofpicturesoftenpinneduponwalls

23.greasy:smearedwithorcontaininggrease第40页24.canny:carefulandshrewdinone’sactionanddealing;cleverandcautious25.glum:feelingorlookinggloomy26.fraught:filled,chargedorloaded第41页27.yummy:verytasty;delicious28.grueling:extremelytiring;exhausting29.well-heeled:rich,prosperous---awell-heeleddandy第42页Ⅴ.ExplanationoftheText1.CharlesLamb

CharlesLamb,anEnglishessayistandpoet,wasborninLondonin1775anddiedin1834.Hiswritingwasfullofgentlehumor.Hisdramaticessay“SpecimensofEnglishDramaticPoets”establishedhisreputationasacritic.第43页2.ThomasCarlyleaBritishhistorianandessayistTheRevolution,Chartism:characterizedbyhistrenchantsocialandpoliticalcriticismandhiscomplexliterarystyleCarlyese:acompoundofbiblical,colloquialisms,andhisowncoinages,arrangedinunexpectedsequences.第44页3.Ruskin---anEnglishwriter,artcriticandsocialtheorist---agreatpaintingtobeonethatconveysgreatideastotheviewer---thevirtualdictatorofartisticopinioninEnglandduringthemid-19thcentury第45页Hisworksinclude:---ModernPainters(1843-1860),

---ThesevenLampsofarchitecture(1849)---SesameandLilies(1856)

---TheCrownofWildOlive(1866),---TimeandTide(1867).第46页4.nothingupstairs:(AmE.slang)empty-headed,anitwit(BrE.slang)unfurnishedintheupperstorey5.surrenderoneselftosth.:tostoptryingtopreventyourselffromhavingafeeling,habit,etc.---Shesurrenderedherselftosleep.---Hefinallysurrenderedhimselftohiscravingfordrug.第47页6.intheswim(ofthings):(informal)involvedinthingsthatarehappeninginsocietyorinaparticularsituation7.tear:makesb.feelveryunhappyorworried---Hisdistresstoremeapart.8.haveatonesfiguretips:tobecompletelyfamiliarwith第48页9.batone’seyes/eyelashes:openandcloseone’seyesquickly,inawaythatissupposedtobeattractivenotbataneyelid:(BE)/notbataneye(AE):10.knocksb.out:tosurpriseandimpresssb.verymuch

---Themoviejustknockedmeout.第49页11.exasperate:toannoyorirritatesb.verymuch

---Hermoodsexasperatedhim.Exasperation:n.Heshookhisheadinexasperation.12.knitone’sbrow(s):tomove/drawone’seyebrowstogether,toshowthatyouarethinkinghard,feelingangry第50页13.hammeraway(at):keepemphasizingortalkingabout14.patronize:

---Sometelevisionprogramstendtopatronizechildren.15.havebythethroat:attackbyseizingandsqueezingone’sthroat第51页16.rat:mouse,ratpoison(informal)anunpleasantperson,esp.onewhoisnotloyalortricksb.第52页Ⅵ.DivisionoftheTextPartIParas1-3

Itservesasabriefintroductionto,andacomment,onthestory.PartIIParas4-59

Ithumorouslydepictshowthepromiseofexchangingagirlfriendforaraccooncoatismadeandfulfilled.第53页PartIIIParas60-125

ItvividlydescribestheincrediblytoughprojectofmakingdumbPollysmart,andtheseemingsuccess.PartIVParas126-154

ItironicallyrepresentstheseeminglyPygmalioneffect,whichturnsouttobeaFrankensteintragedyandformstheclimaxofthestory.第54页Summary第55页Ⅶ.TheWritingStyleapieceofnarrationoflight,humoroussatireItstheme:“LoveisaFallacy”“love”isanerroradeceptionandemotionthatdoesnotfollowtheprinciplesoflogic第56页summaryThepurposeofthestorytodemonstratethatlogicisaliving,breathingthings,fullofbeauty,passionandtrauma,farfrombeingadry,pedanticsubject.第57页Thelogicallinkofpassageideas“logic---alivingthing”“exchangeofaraccooncoatforaprettybutfoolishgirl”“teachinghertobelogicalandclever”“aPygmalionbecomesaFrankenstein”第58页Affluencehasreplacedlove,thusthereisnoquestionoftakingbrilliance,talent,oreducationintoconsiderationwhenchoosingaboyfriendandahusband.IthasreducedthesearchtoamatterofseekingwealthandkeepingupwiththeJoneses.Indeed,thiskindofloveisafallacy.第59页Theclimax:paras.147-150PollyrefusestogosteadywithDobiebecauseshealreadypromisedtogosteadywithPeteyBurch.第60页Theend:inaveryironicnoteDobieignoresthefactthatloveisthesincereattachmentwhicharisesnaturallyfrombothhearts,andhefailstowinPollybecausehehasbeentoocleverforhisgood.第61页TheFeaturesofWritingStyleAmericancolloquialismandslangalargelexicalspectrumtheultralearnedtermstheinfraclippedvulgarformsfigurativelanguageinversionforspecialemphasis第62页manyfiguresofspeechsimilemetaphorhyperbolemetonymyantithesis第63页shortsentenceellipticalsentencesdashestopic-centeredparagraph第64页Ⅷ.ThePersonalityofDobieasmug,self-conceitedfreshman,smuglyboastingandsingingpraisesofhimself,heapingonhimselfallthebeautifulwordsofpraise:cool,logical,keen,calculating,perspicacious,acute,astute,powerful,preciseandpenetrating.第65页takingeveryopportunitytodowngradePeteyBurch&PollyEspy:Petey:dumb,nothingupstairs,unable,impressionableandfaddistPolly:sheis“abeautifuldumbgirl”,whowouldsmartenupunderhisguidance第66页givingPollyacourseinlogicDobiehasgotwhathedeservedHehasbeentoocleverforhisowngood,soheendsupinlyingonthebedthathemakeshimself.第67页Exercises第68页Ⅸ.ExercisesOralPresentationMakeafive-minutepresentationinclassbasedonyourresearch.SuggestedTopics:1.MaxShulman2.CharlesLamb第69页Discriminatebetweenthesesynonyms.1.keen,calculating,perspicacious,acute,astute2.intelligent,bright,brilliant,clever,smart第70页1.keen,calculating,perspicacious,acute,astuteThesewordsrefertounusualmentalagilityorperceptiveness.Keensuggestsboththeseattributes,addingtothemavigorousandforcefulabilitytograpplewithcomplexorobscureproblems.akeenmindforfinedistinctions第71页Sometimesbyanalogywithgoodvision,thewordmaysuggestanabilitytoobservedetailsandseethemaspartofalargerpattern.akeenunderstandingoftheproblemsfacingtheconservationmovement第72页Acutesuggestsafinelyhonedsensitivityorreceptivitytonuancesthatmightescapeothers;itmightalsoimplyahigh-keyedstateofnervousattentionthatisnotsustainableforlong.anacuteawarenessoftheslightestambiguityineachstatementmadebyhisopponentanacutealertness,heightenedbythestrangesilenceintheenemytrenches第73页Astutesuggestsathoro