英语名师讲练大一轮复习外研版通用核心素养测评十九必修4Module1LifeintheFuture

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。核心素养测评十九必修4Module1LifeintheFuture(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AImagineyouenteracarwithnosteeringwheelornobrake.Underavoiceactivatedmand,yousayanaddress.“Thefastestroutewilltakeus15.3minutes.ShouldItakeit?”Yousay“yes”andyouareonyourway.Thecarresponds(做出回应)andstartsmovingallbyitself.Allyouhavetodoistositbackandrelax.Howstrangewoulditbeif,onedayinthefuture,everyonehadsuchacar?Nocrazydriving,noquarrels,nocuttingin;trafficlawswouldberespectedanddrivingmuchsafer.Ontheotherhand,imaginethecostsavingsforlocalpoliceenforcement(强制执行)andtownbudgets(预算)withoutallthosespeedingandparkingtickets.Anewtechnologyhasthepossibilitytochangemodernsocietythoroughly.There’snoquestionthatselfdrivingvehiclescouldbegood.Theaccidentstatisticswoulddrop:about94%ofroadaccidentsintheU.S.arecausedbyman.Olderdriversandpeoplewithdisabilitieswouldtravelalot.Keepingsafespeedsandbeingelectric,selfdrivingcarswouldsharplyreducepollutionlevelsanddependonalternativeenergy.Roadswouldbequieter,peoplesafer.Butwemustalsoconsidertheeffectofthenewtechnologyonthosewhonowdependondrivingfortheirliving.TheAmericanTruckingAssociationlistsabout3.5millionprofessionaltruckdriversintheUS.Thepaniesdevelopingselfdrivingvehiclesshouldbepartneringwithstateandfederalauthoritiestoofferretrainingforthislargeworkforce(劳动力).Newtechnologieswill,andshould,bedeveloped.Thisishowsocietymovesforward.However,progresscan’tbeonesided.Itisnecessaryforthepaniesandstateagenciesinvolvedtoconsidertheresultsofthesepossiblechangestobuildabetterfutureforall.【文章大意】作者陈述了将来出现无人驾驶的汽车之后的利弊。1.Whatwouldbetheeffectofthewideuseofdriverlesscars?A.Morepolicemenwouldinspectthestreets.B.Peoplewouldneverfeelangryaboutthetraffic.C.Itwouldsavelocalgovernmentsalotofmoney.D.Trafficregulationswouldbeathingofthepast.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段的“...imaginethecostsavingsforlocalpoliceenforcementandtownbudgetswithoutallthosespeedingandparkingtickets.”可知,如果未来每人都有一辆无人驾驶的汽车,没有超速和停车的罚单,对于当地警察的强制执行以及城市预算的费用会减少很多。由此可知选C。2.Howwoulddriverlesscarsbegoodfortheelderlyandthedisabled?A.Theywoulddriveacarbythemselves.B.Theycouldenjoymoretravelling.C.Theywouldsuffernoroadaccidents.D.Theycouldgoanywheretheywant.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的“Olderdriversandpeoplewithdisabilitieswouldtravelalot.”可知,无人驾驶的汽车能让老年人和残疾人多旅行。故选B。3.Whatwouldbethebadeffectofdriverlesscars?A.Theworldwouldbefullofunemployeddrivers.B.Manydriverswouldhavetofindnewwaysofmakingaliving.C.Driverswouldhaveahardtimeadaptingtonewroadconditions.D.Somedepartmentsofsocietywoulddisappear.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段可知无人驾驶的汽车会影响职业司机,研发自驾汽车的公司将会联合州和联邦政府为那么多劳动力提供再培训。由此可知选B。4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbusinessesandthegovernmentdo?A.Makenewtechnologieshelpfultoeveryone.B.Improvepeople’slivingstandard.C.Makenewtechnologiesaffordabletoeveryone.D.Makefulluseofnewtechnologies.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者建议应该研发新技术,但是有关的公司和国家机构应该考虑这些新技术带来的变化,进步不能是片面的。由此可知,作者建议新技术应该对所有人都有益。故选A。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.braken.车闸2.voiceactivated adj.声控的3.cutin 突然插到……前面4.speed n.速度v.超速5.partner n.伙伴v.与……合伙6.involved adj.有关的BForcenturies,peoplehavemovedtoandlivedincities.Theseurbancentresareplacestofindwork,friendsandfun.It’snosurprisethattheycontinuetogrowasmoreandmorepeoplefloodinhopingtomakethemostofthechancestheyofferbutaddingtothecongestionandpollutionthatalreadyexist.AccordingtoareportbytheUnitedNations,54percentoftheworld’spopulationlivesinurbanareasanditpredictsthatby2050,thisfigurewillhaveincreasedtoaround70percent.Butasmoreandmorepeoplemovefromthecountrysidetothecitytogetbetterchances,theycanendupwithnowheretolive.ThisistrueinplacessuchasRiodeJaneiro,wherethepeoplefromthecountrysidecan’trentorbuyahome,andtheyendupbuildingtheirownmunitiesandhousesonunoccupiedland.Thesearecalledshantytowns—poormunitieswherethehousesarebuiltoutofcheapmaterialsandoftendon’thaveanyelectricityorwatersupply.Theseare,ofcourse,notthefuturecitieswewanttosee.Someseriousurbanplanningisneededtomakeourcitiesofthefuturegood,safeandmodernplacestolivein.Thisinvolvesimprovingthehousingconditions,thechancesforeducationandemploymentandsoon.Somethingurbanplannersarelookingatnowisthecreationof“smartcities”.AccordingtoJohnRossant,founderandchairmanofthenonprofitorganisationNewCitiesFoundation,technologyisthewayforward.Hethinksthatit’sgenerallyacceptedthat“cloudputing,ubiquitousinternet,robust5Gnetworksetc,willchangeourcities.”Hesaystechnologyisreally“agamechanger”,inurbanization(城市化).Itwouldcollectlargeamountsofdataabouthowacityisworkingandmayimprovehowacityfunctions.【文章大意】未来城市的发展会是什么样的?随着人们移居城市追求更好的工作和生活,城市人口增长,城市发展将面临很多机遇和挑战。5.Whywillalargerpopulationbelivinginacityby2050?A.Becausemorepeoplewillmoveintoittogetmoregoodopportunities.B.Becausemorepeoplewillhavemorechildren.C.Becausethecountrysidewilldisappear.D.Becausethegovernmentencouragesthedevelopmentofcities.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段的“It’snosurprisethattheycontinuetogrowasmoreandmorepeoplefloodinhopingtomakethemostofthechancestheyoffer...”以及第二段的“moreandmorepeoplemovefromthecountrysidetothecitytogetbetterchances”可知,随着人们移居城市追求更好的工作和生活,城市继续扩大,人口继续增长。故选A。6.Whatcanweknowaboutshantytowns?A.Theyhavegoodqualityhousingbuiltforpoorpeople.B.Theyarefilledwithpeoplelivingunderpoverty.C.Theyarebuiltbythegovernment.D.Theyaredevelopedandmodern.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thesearecalledshantytowns—poormunitieswherethehousesarebuiltoutofcheapmaterialsandoftendon’thaveanyelectricityorwatersupply.”可知。7.Whatnameisgiventoacitythatusestechnologytohelpitfunctionproperly?A.Traditionalcities. B.Futurecities.C.Smartcities. D.Developingcities.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,利用高科技使城市运转,这样的城市被称作“smartcities智能城市”。故选C。【知识拓展】长难句分析It’snosurprisethattheycontinuetogrowasmoreandmorepeoplefloodinhopingtomakethemostofthechancestheyofferbutaddingtothecongestionandpollutionthatalreadyexist.分析:it作形式主语,thattheycontinuetogrow是真正的主语从句。as引导原因状语从句,在状语从句中,hopingtomakethemostofthechancestheyoffer和addingtothecongestionandpollutionthatalreadyexist是两个现在分词短语作状语。在这两个现在分词短语中又有两个定语从句,它们分别是theyoffer和thatalreadyexist。前者修饰先行词chances,后者修饰congestionandpollution。翻译:它们继续变大是不足为奇的,因为越来越多的人涌进来,希望利用它们提供的机会,但是却增加了已经存在的拥挤和污染。Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·哈尔滨模拟)Iusedtogotothegymalot,sowhenIstartedtogetpainsinmyneck,IjustassumedIhadpulledsomething.ButwhenIcouldn’t1myneckorlookleft,right,upordown,IwenttothedoctorandIwastoldthatIhadararetypeofcancerthat2thethroat.Itwas3.AtthetimeIwas4twenty.

Havingcancerandgetting5influencedalotofthings.Thesideeffectsfrommytreatmentwerereallybad.Icouldn’twork,andIwasn’tabletogooutwithmyfriends.Iwouldrathernotgothroughit.6,theyouthsupportvolunteersencouragedmetokeepgoing,whichgavemethemotivationto7treatment.Besides,myfamilywasreallythereto8me,anditdrewus9.

Duringmytreatment,I10newfriendsthroughTeenageCancerTrust’ssocialevents.Theywere11peoplewhohadbeenthroughcanceraswell.Theconversationbetweenus12moreeasilyaswehadthingsinmon.I13themtostayoptimistic.

AsI14workingout,nowIwanttobeeahealth15toguideyoungpeoplesufferingfromcancer.Theyoftenloseorgainalotofweight,whichcanaffecttheir16.SoIcanusemy17tohelpthemgetbacktofitness.IlostmuchweightandI’mtryingto18itsoIcanbeaninspirationforthem.Inaway,Iseehavingcancerasa19thing.ItwasatestformeandIamnowgoingdownabetter20.

【文章大意】作者经历了癌症后加入志愿者队伍,帮助那些患癌症的年轻人恢复健康。1.A.scratchB.holdC.liftD.pull【解析】选C。此处指我不能抬起我的脖子,不能上下左右地看。scratch抓,擦;hold抓住;lift举起,抬起;pull拉。2.A.demanded B.injectedC.displayed D.affected【解析】选D。我去看医生,医生告诉我我患了一种罕见的癌症,它影响我的喉咙。demand要求;inject注射;display展示;affect影响。3.A.scary B.clumsy C.lucky D.exciting【解析】选A。被告知得了癌症,这是吓人的。scary吓人的;clumsy笨拙的;lucky幸运的;exciting令人激动的。4.A.also B.still C.only D.even【解析】选C。那时我只有20岁。also也;still仍然;only只有;even甚至。5.A.experiment B.treatmentC.donation D.experience【解析】选B。此处指患癌症和接受治疗影响了许多事情。根据下一句的treatment可以猜出答案。experiment实验;treatment治疗;donation捐赠;experience经历,经验。6.A.Actually B.EventuallyC.Fortunately D.Gradually【解析】选C。此处指幸运的是,青年支持志愿者们鼓励我坚持下去。actually实际上;eventually最后;fortunately幸运的是;gradually逐渐地。7.A.focuson B.carryonC.takeon D.dependon【解析】选B。此处指(他们的鼓励)激励我继续治疗。focuson集中于;carryon继续;takeon雇用,呈现;dependon依靠。8.A.realize B.believeC.support D.consult【解析】选C。此处指我的家人也支持我。realize实现,意识到;believe相信;support支持;consult咨询。9.A.closer B.further C.cleverer D.worse【解析】选A。此处指家人的支持使我们关系更加亲密。close亲密的;far远的;clever聪明的;bad糟糕的。10.A.shared B.exchangedC.avoided D.made【解析】选D。此处指我在治疗期间结交了新朋友。makefriends交朋友。11.A.lovely B.young C.mature D.smart【解析】选B。根据前面一句中的TeenageCancerTrust’ssocialevents可知,作者结交的朋友都是患过癌症的年轻人。lovely可爱的;young年轻的;mature成熟的;smart聪明的,时髦的。12.A.flowed B.hitC.applied D.discussed【解析】选A。因为我们有很多共同点所以我们的谈话很顺畅。flow流出,(谈话、文体等)流畅;hit打击;apply申请,应用;discuss讨论。13.A.inspired B.discouragedC.warned D.wished【解析】选A。我激励他们保持乐观。inspire激励;discourage使气馁;warn警告;wish希望。14.A.admit B.imagine C.admire D.love【解析】选D。此处指因为我热爱锻炼,我想成为一个健身教练来指导患癌症的年轻人。admit承认;imagine想象;admire钦佩;love热爱。15.A.patient B.coach C.minister D.doctor【解析】选B。healthcoach健身教练。16.A.delight B.processC.trouble D.health【解析】选D。他们经常体重减少或者体重增加,这都影响他们的健康。delight高兴;process过程;trouble麻烦;health健康。17.A.grades B.qualificationC.impression D.problem【解析】选B。此处指我能利用我的(健身教练的)资格帮助他们恢复健康。grade年级,成绩;qualification资格,合格证书;impression印象;problem问题。18.A.recall B.return C.regain D.review【解析】选C。我的体重减了很多,我想再次增加体重。recall回忆;return回来,归还;regain重新获得;review复习。19.A.positive B.negativeC.depressed D.moved【解析】选A。在某种程度上,我把患癌症看作是一件好事。positive积极的,正面的;negative消极的;depressed感到沮丧的;moved感动的。20.A.role B.concernC.behavior D.path【解析】选D。患癌症对我来说是一次考验,我现在正沿着一条更好的路前行。role作用,角色;concern关心;behavior行为;path小径,路。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.painn.疼痛2.neck n.脖子3.gothrough 经历4.drawsb.close 把某人拉近5.motivation n.动力,积极性6.workout 锻炼Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheSimpsons,a31yearoldTVshow,hasseensomeveryfamousfacesandmadesomecorrectpredictions.Doyourememberin2000,1.TheSimpsonspredictedthatDonaldTrumpwouldonedaybePresidentoftheUnitedStates?Backthen,itseemed2.(possible)—nothingbutajoke.However,17yearslater,thejokebecamea3.(real).

Trump’s4.(bee)Presidentisjustoneofthefunpredictions5.(make)bythelongrunningTVshowthathaveetrue.OtherpredictionsincludeAmerica’sEbolabreakoutandtheinventionofFaceTime.

However,theTVshowpredic