英语周报高中英语Unit3Protectingourselves重点词汇讲解练习牛津译林版选修10

Unit3重点词汇讲解1.weep(wept,wept)1)vi.&vt.weepfor/oversb/sth流泪；哭泣Thesightmademewanttoweep.我见到这种情形真想痛哭一场。weepforjoy喜极而泣Shewepttoseehiminsuchastate.她一见他那种情形簌簌泪下。weeptearsofjoy流出喜悦的眼泪2)n.一阵哭泣

Agoodweepwouldprobablymakeyoufeelbetter.你痛痛快快哭上阵也许就好受些了。[词型变化]（指某些树）有下垂枝条的:aweepingbirch,willow,etc.枝条下垂的桦树、垂柳2.burst(burst,burst)1)n.爆炸；爆破；爆裂:theburstofashell,bomb炮弹﹑炸弹的爆炸aburstinawater-pipe水管的破裂

短暂而巨大的努力；冲刺：aburstofenergy,speed,etc迸发出的能量﹑速度等某事物的突然爆发：aburstofanger,enthusiasm,etc怒火﹑热情等的迸发aburstofapplause一阵欢呼.2)vi&vt.（使某物）爆炸;胀破;爆破:Ifyoublowthatballoonupanymoreitwillburst.那气球再吹就要破了。Water-pipesoftenburstincoldweather.水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。(fig比喻)I’veeatensomuchIfeelreadytoburst!我吃得太多，肚子都要撑破了！[词组]beburstingtodosth.极欲干某事:Shewasburstingtotellhimthegoodnews.她迫不及待地要把这个好消息告诉他。burst(sth.)open（使某物）突然或猛然翻开Thepoliceburstthedooropen.警察把门撞开了。

burstinenter(aroom,etc)突然进入（房间等）Thepoliceburstin(throughthedoor)andarrestedthegang.警察突然闯进（房门）逮捕了那帮人。burstinonsb./sth.（因突然来到）阻碍某人[某事物]burstinonameeting打断会议Howdareyouburstinonuswithoutknocking!你怎么胆敢不敲门就闯进来!burstintosth.突然而猛烈地发出或产生出某事物：Theaircraftcrashedandburstintoflames飞机坠毁起火。burstintotears,song,angryspeech突然哭、唱、吵起来treesburstingintoleaf/bloom/blossom/flower长出新叶[开花]的树木burstinto,outof,through,etc.sth.突然而猛力地向某一方向移动；从某处突然出现：Theoilburstoutoftheground.石油从地下喷发出来。Thesunburstthroughtheclouds.太阳突然从云端里露出来。burston/uponsb./sth.突然而意外地出现在某人[某物]面前：Thetruthburstuponhim.他突然了解了真相。Amajornewtalenthasburstontheliteraryscene.有个惹人瞩目的新秀突然出现于文坛。burstout(a)突然冲动地说；叫嚷：“Ihateyou!”sheburstout.“我讨厌你！”她叫嚷道。(b)突然开场（做某事）：burstoutcrying/laughing/singing突然哭起来（笑起来/唱起来）3.bid(bid,bid)1)vi&vt.Bid(sth.)(forsth.);(sth.)(onsth.)（购物时）出价;（尤指拍卖时）喊价:Shebid500(forthepainting).她喊价500英镑（买这幅画）。Wehadhopedtogetthehousebutanothercouplewasbiddingagainstus我们原希望买下这所房子,但另一对夫妇不断抬价与我们竞买。投标:Severalfirmshavebidforthecontracttobuildthenewconcerthall.有几家公司投标,争取建造新音乐厅的合同。

[词型变化]

biddern.（拍卖时的）喊价者:Thehousewenttothehighestbidder.房子卖给了出价最高的人。

4.discriminatevi&vt.discriminatebetweenAandB;discriminateAfromB分别,区分,区分（两事物）:discriminatebetweentwocases/onecasefromanother区分两件事[将一件事与另一件事区分开discriminateagainstsb./infavourofsb.歧视[偏袒]（某人或某些人）:Societystilldiscriminatesagainstwomen/infavourofmen.社会上仍然歧视女性[厚待男性]。[词型变化]discriminatingadj.

判断力强的;鉴别力强的;知觉敏锐的:discriminatingtaste,judgement,etc.敏锐的鉴赏力﹑判断力等Shehasanartist’sdiscriminatingeye.她具有艺术家特有的敏锐眼光。5.additionaladj.另外的,附加的,额外的Weneededadditionalmoneyforourtrip.我们出去旅行需要更多的钱。[词型变化]additioninaddition(tosb./sth.)加之;除……之外:Inaddition(tothenamesonthelist)therearesixotherapplicants.除此（名单上的名字）之外,还有六个申请人。6.unconsciousadj.失去知觉的:knocksb.unconscious把某人打得不省人事Beunconsciousofsb./sth.不知道的;未发觉的:beunconsciousofanychange未发觉出任何变化

无意地做出或说出的:anunconsciousslight无意的冒犯[词型变化]unconsciouslyadv.Heunconsciouslyimitatedhisfather.他在不知不觉中仿效他的父亲。

unconsciousnessn.[U]

无知觉;无意识；神志不清；不知不觉:lapse,fall,etcintounconsciousness昏了过去

7.rebel(rebelled,rebelled)1)n.[c]反叛者arebelinthehome 家庭的叛逆者therebelforces 叛军2)vi.武装对抗，选择，抵抗，强烈抗议Thepeasantsrebelledagainstbeingexploitedtoomuch.农民们起义对抗受太多剥削。Suchtreatmentwouldmakeanyonerebel. 这样的对待会使任何人起而对抗。8.appetiten.[C]慾望（尤指对食物或享乐）；食慾；胃口：WhenIwasillIcompletelylostmyappetite.我生病时完全没有食慾。(fig比喻)Hehadnoappetiteforthefight.他毫无斗志。

（对某事物的）自然的慾望：Thelongwalkhasgivenmeagoodappetite.走了长路使我食慾大振。Hehasanamazingappetiteforhardwork.他出奇地喜爱艰巨的工作。9.slideslid,slid1)n.滑动，打滑Thecarwentintoaslideonthesurface. 汽车在地面上打滑。幻灯片Don’tyouwanttoseemyslidesofKorea? 你不想看看我在朝鲜拍的幻灯片吗？滑落，跌落，下降Thereappearsaslideinlivingstandardsnow. 现在出现了生活水平下降的情况。2)vt.&vi.（使）滑动Thekidswereslidingontheice. 孩子们在冰上滑行。（使）悄悄移动，潜行Heslidoutoftheroomwhennoonewaslooking.他趁人没看见，偷偷溜出了房间。（价格等）下滑，降低Whenwillthegovernmenttakeactiontosupporttheslidingpound?政府何时会采取行动支持正在下跌的英镑？10.trapn.

捕动物等的器具；陷阱：amouse-trap老鼠夹caughtinatrap落入陷阱

（为擒拿或侦获某人的）计谋：Thethieveswerecaughtinapolicetrap.窃贼遭警方用计擒获。（诱人暴露自己﹑泄露秘密等的）圈套，诡计：Youfellrightintomytrap.你恰恰中了我的计。Isthisquestionatrap?这个问题是不是个圈套?（难以摆脱的）困境：Forsomewomenmarriageisatrap.对有的妇女来说,婚姻就是一种牵绊。

vt.trapped,trapped

1.使（某人）陷入困境：Theyweretrappedintheburninghotel.他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。2.trapsb(intosth/doingsth)用计捕捉某人或使某人上当：IwastrappedintotellingthepoliceallIknew.我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了警方。11.suckvi.&vt.（用嘴）吸（液体或气体等）；吮吸；啜；嘬：suckthejuicefromanorange吸橙子的汁（指泵等）抽出（液体或气体等）：Thepumpsucksairout(ofthevessel)throughthisvalve.这台泵通过这个阀门把（容器中的）空气抽出。plantsthatsuckupmoisturefromthesoil从土壤中吸收水分的植物。将（某物）含在嘴里：achildthatsucksitsthumb吮吸拇指的孩子

[词组]suckaway(at/onsth.)吸食或吮吸某物：Thebabysucked(away)(atitsbottle)contentedly.那婴儿舒适地嘬着（奶瓶）。Theoldmanwassuckingathispipe.那老汉正在吸着烟斗。sucksb.in/intosth.将某人卷入（丑闻﹑争论等）之中（通常为不情愿者）：Idon’twanttogetsuckedintotherowaboutschoolreform.我不愿意牵扯到这场学制改革的争论之中。sucksb./sth.under,into,etcsth.;sucksb./sth.down,in,etc.（以水或气体的巨大吸力）把某人[某物]吞没：Thecanoewassucked(down)intothewhirlpool.那独木舟卷进漩涡里了。suckup(tosb.)奉承或巴结某人；拍某人马屁：Shesucksuptohimbyagreeingwitheverythinghesays.她巴结他，他说什么话她都同意。

12.Wipevt.Wipesth.(onsth.);wipesth.(down/over)wipethedishes把碟子擦干wipeone’seye擦干眼泪wipeone’shandsonatowel用毛巾擦手wipesth.clean/dry把某物擦干净[干]用（布等）擦：wipeadampspongeacrossone’sface用湿海绵擦脸搽（某物质）：Wipethelotionontoyourface.你在脸上搽些护肤液。

[词组]擦净或擦掉某物：wipe(away)thetearsfromone’seyes擦（掉）眼泪wipethewritingfromtheblackboard把黑板上的字擦掉wipe(up)thespiltmilkoffthefloor把洒在地板上的牛奶擦乾净wipearecordingoff(atape)抹掉磁带上录制的内容Wipethatsmile/grin/expressionoffyourface!别笑[咧着嘴笑/做出那种表情]！

wipesth.out擦拭（盆﹑碗等）的内部：Thisvasewasn’twipedoutproperlybeforeitwasputaway.这个花瓶没擦乾净就收起来了。除去或取消某事物：wipeoutone’sdebt还清债务Thisyear’slosseshavewipedoutlastyear’sprofits.今年亏损把去年的赢利都赔光了。彻底消灭或摧毁某事物：Wholevillageswerewipedoutinthebombingraids.整座的村庄都在轰炸中摧毁了。Thegovernmentistryingtowipeoutdrugtrafficking.政府竭力去除毒品买卖活动。13.stainvi.&vt.stainsth(withsth)改变某物的颜色;染污,沾污（某物）（尤指难以去除）:fingersstainedwithnicotine被尼古丁染黄的手指blood-stainedhands沾着血污的手Theblackberryjuicestainedtheirfingers(red).黑莓汁把他们的手指给染（红）了。

被染污;被沾污:Ourwhitecarpetstainseasily.我们的白地毯不耐脏。

给（木材﹑布等）染色或着色：Hestainedthewooddarkbrown.他把木头染成深褐色了。玷污，败坏（某人的名声等）：Theincidentstainedhiscareer.那件小事给他的事业抹上了污斑。

n.染色剂；着色剂；染料；颜料：HowmuchstainshouldIbuyforthetable?给这张桌子上色,我得买多少颜料?污点；污斑；污迹：There’saninkstainonyourshirt.你的衬衫上有一个墨水斑。玷污（某人名声等的）事物；品德上的污点：Heleftthecourtwithoutastainonhischaracter.他经法庭一役,人格丝毫无损。[词型变化]stainlessadj.无污点的；无瑕疵的：astainlessreputation清白的名声stainlesssteel不锈钢练习：一、根据首字母填空。1.Themotherw______overthedeathofherchild.2.Theriverb______itsbanksandfloodedthetown.3.Thepolicemanwasu______ofbeingfollowedbyamanindark.4.Don’tspoilyoura______byeatingsweetsbeforemeals.5.Iwass______abouthelplesslyontheice.6.Firemenhadtobreakthedoordowntoreachthepeoplet______inside.7.Somefoodscans______theteeth,asofcoursecansmoking.8.Thisisthetotalpriceofyourvacation!Withnoa______charges.9.Hepulledahandkerchieffromhispocketandw______hisnose.10.Thepeopler______againstthetyrant.二、根据中文填空完成句子。1.然而，自20世纪80年代这种疾病突然出现之后，它就变成全球范围内的一个严重问题。However,sincethedisease____________the______inthe1980s,ithasbecomeaseriousproblemroundtheworld.2.为了控制这一问题，政府已经开放了实验室来监控这种疾病。2003年，它同时开场为艾滋病人提供免费的药物。__________________tocontroltheproblem,thegovernmenthasopenedlabstomonitorthedisease,andin2003italsostartedprovidingfreedrugsforAidspatients.3.国际帮助在中国的抵御艾滋病斗争中也非常重要。何大维博士投身于将先进的技术和国际注意专注中国的艾滋问题。InternationalhelphasalsobeenveryimportantinfightingAidsinChina.DrDavidHohas______himself____________up-to-datetechnologyandinternational______toChina’sAidsproblem.4.他们的祖父现在照顾他们，因为他们的母亲在怀孕的时候拿到了治疗艾滋的药品，所以他们没有从她身上染到艾滋病。Theirgrandfatherisnow____________them,andbecausetheirmother__________________prescriptionAidsmedicineswhenshewaspregnant,theydidnotgetHIVfromher.5.服毒经常以试验开场的，但经常以混乱告终。Takingdrugsoftenbeginsasjustanexperiment,butitoften____________a______situation.6.正如吸烟者可能会告诉你的那样，人们很容易对尼古丁上瘾，所以他们很难戒烟。

Assmokersmaytellyou,peoplecanbecomeeasily____________nicotine,whichiswhytheyhavetroublequittingsmoking.7.另外一种毒品被称为镇定剂。这种毒品会降低心率，令服毒者发困，使他们一种假的快感——尽管这种效应一段时间后会逐渐消退。Anotherclassofdrugsisoften__________________downers.Drugsinthisclasscandecreasetheheartrate,makeuserssleepyandmaygiveusersanartificialsenseofpleasure—thoughthiseffectfadesafteratime.8.酒精也被归类为是一种镇定剂。尽管它是合法的，但是如果大量服用，它会损伤肝脏，带来极大的害处。Alcoholisalso____________adowner,andalthoughitislegal,itcandamagetheliveranddogreatharmif______inlarge______.三、选词语填空完成句子。contrarytocontrarytothekeytorebelagainstbeaddictedtowipeawayburstonthescenebetrappedinseekhelpfrominabidtobeunconsciousof1.ShesaysthousandsofpeopleinGermany______now______LaughterYoga.2.______helpitspupilswritetheirexperiences,theschoolinvitedalltheparentstoworktogether.3.______commonbeliefsocialmediawebsitessuchasFacebookdonotweakenpersonalties,andtheystrengthentheminuniquewaysformdifferentagegroups,accordingtoanewstudy.4.Thenoveltellsthestoryofateenagerwhohisfather.5.Onepatientrequiringahearttransplantcould______anysavingsovernight.6.Manywomenare______lovelessmarriages.7.Shemanagedtocalmhimdownand______aneighbor.8.Theyweresoquietthathe______completely______theirpresence.9.______solvingtheproblemistomeetthedemandmadebythecustoms.10.Thepolicesuddenly______andtookcontrol.四、用所给词语编写短文。（至少六个）weep,burst,discriminate,additional,rebel,appetite,slide,trap,suck,wipe,stain