形容词与副词考查要点及应对策略(原卷版)2024高考英语一轮复习小题大题微技能精析精练(新高考版)

03形容词与副词考查要点及应对策略【考点精析】考点1形容词和副词的句法功能1.形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词,表示事物或人的性质和特征,可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。Ihavetoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.(作定语)IknowheistoooptimisticbutIdon’twanttodepresshim.(作表语)Theroomwasfoundverydirty.(作主语补足语)Optimismmakesalifehappierandmoremeaningful.(作宾语补足语)Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.(作状语)注意：(1)通常只作表语的形容词:①以“a-”开头的形容词:afraid害怕的,alone孤单的,alive活着的,alike相似的,ashamed羞愧的,awake醒着的;②content,worth,ill(有病的,不舒服的),sure,liable,well等。(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:possible,impossible,probable,convenient,necessary等。(3)形容词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。2.副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子,可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。Wheneverwehavetroublewithourstudies,ourteachershelpuspatiently.(作状语)Thetidewasoutandtheywalkedamongtherockpools.(作表语)Unfortunately,Iwasstillveryclumsybehindthewheelofthejeep.(作状语)注意：(1)有些副词并不修饰动词,而是修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有:表递进besides,further,then,moreover等表结果therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus等表转折though,instead,otherwise,however等表等同similarly,equally等表对比rather,oppositely等表概括altogether,generally等表列举first(ly),second(ly),finally等表同位namely等表时间meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally等表特指particularly,especially等(2)兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。close靠近地(指距离)closely仔细地,密切地free免费freely自由地,自如地deep深深地deeply深刻地,非常hard努力地hardly几乎不考点2形容词和副词的相互转化1.大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律:转化方法例词一般情况下,在形容词词尾直接加-lyreal—really;helpful—helpfully以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词要变-y为i,然后再加-lybusy—busily;angry—angrily;easy—easily以-le结尾,去e直接加-yterrible—terribly;gentle—gently元音字母+e结尾,先去掉e,然后再加-lytrue—truly其他特殊情况以ll结尾的形容词只加-yfull—fully以ic结尾的形容词加-allyautomatic—automatically;energetic—energetically2.在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如early,much,fast,little,wide,loud,well等。Itbroughtawidesmiletohisfaceandlaughtertohiseyes.(形容词)Inafewsecondsshewaswideawake.(副词)注意：下列单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,timely等。考点3形容词和副词的比较级、最高级(1)规则形式①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er,-est构成,如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊变化见下表:特殊情况构成方式例词以不发音的e结尾加-r和-stbrave—braver—bravest以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-er和-esthappy—happier—happiest以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾字母,再加-er和-esthot—hotter—hottest②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more,most构成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily注意：①少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式common—commoner/morecommon—commonest/mostcommon②表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect,favorite等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。(2)不规则形式good/well—better—bestfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly—worse—worst(1)基本用法①两者相比,表示“和……一样”,用“as+原级+as”表示。Heworkedasfastasaqualifiedtechnician.注意：在同级比较中,若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。Johnisascleveraboyasyouwishtomeet.②两者相比,表示“不如……”,用“notas/so+原级+as”。Itisnotsoexpensiveasyoumightexpect.③两者相比,表示“比……更”,用“比较级+than”;表示“不比……更”,用“not+比较级+than”。Theprocessoflearninganddevelopingismoreimportantthantheoutcome.Herpronunciationisasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,herteacher’s.注意：有些形容词本身含有比较的意义,其后面用to而不用than。如:superiorto(优于,高于);inferiorto(次于);seniorto(年长于,地位高于);juniorto(地位低于);priorto(早于,较重要于)。④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级+比较范围”。Hersonsarethemostimportantpeopleinherlife.(2)特殊用法①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。Learningbecomesmoreandmoredifficultaswegetolder.②“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。Theharderwework,themoreprogresswewillmake.③“more+原级+than”表示“与其说……,不如说……”。Sheismorediligentthanclever.④“morethan+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能;……不能”。ThebeautyoftheplaceismorethanIcandescribe.⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级。Icouldn’tagreewithyouanymore.⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型a....倍数+as+原级+as...Thenewbuildingisthreetimesashighastheoldone.b....倍数+比较级+than...Thenewbuildingisthreetimeshigherthantheoldone.c....倍数+thesize/length/width/height,etc.+of...Thenewbuildingisthreetimestheheightoftheoldone.Ourclassroomisthreetimesaslargeastheirs.=Ourclassroomisthreetimeslargerthantheirs.=Ourclassroomisthreetimesthesizeoftheirs.(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等。Thethemeoftheplaystoodoutevenmoreclearlyafteritwasrevised.(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序数词等。Iwouldsaythatintellectisbyfarthemostimportantfactor.考点4常用的分词形容词-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别:-ed形容词通常修饰人,意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常修饰事物,意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有:interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing等。Thewinewasexcellent,butthefoodwasdisappointing.Wewillbepleasedtoansweranyquestionsyoumayhave.注意：原则上,-ed形容词通常直接用于修饰人,若修饰事物,则多为look(表情),air(神态),appearance(外貌),cry(哭声),face(面部表情),voice(声音),mood(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。Rogerjustlookedupathimwithasurprisedlook.Ahandhelpedmeoutofthetree,andafrightenedvoiceaskedmeifIwasbadlyhurt.特别提示：语法填空题考法1.看到空格处修饰的是名词,要想到用形容词。2.看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,要想到用副词。3.看到与than连用,要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。4.看到and,or,but等并列连词前或后用的比较级,要想到用比较级。5.看到语境中暗含比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。【真题演练】1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Onthedayoftheaccident,MrsBrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell____________(sleep)whilewatchingTV.2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Itmightsoundlikeonelong,expensivevacation,butthecouplehasanunusualwaytomaketheirtravel____________(afford).3.(2022·浙江1月高考)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,____________(rough)200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—havepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.4.(2022·北京高考)That’sabigproblemanditisgettingeven____________(bad).5.(2022·浙江高考)Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeirexistingsenses,inawaysimilartothatof____________(sight)people,saysEllaStriem-Amit,aHarvardscientist.6.(2021·全国乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome____________(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthedevelopmentofthelocalareas.7.(2022·全国乙卷)AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe____________(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Asweallsatthere____________(helpless),afishermanpulledup,threwusaropeandtowed(拖)usback.9.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraft____________(rapid)withoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.10.(2022·全国乙卷)Ouryoungsubjectscomprehendedthequestionsandknew____________(exact)whatwasaskedofthem.11.(2021·全国乙卷)Provide____________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.【考点精练】一、完成句子1.他若无其事地走进商店，天真地提出要花20美元买这只猫。Hewalkedintothestoreandofferedtobuythecatfortwentydollars.2.谢谢你的帮助。如果你能在方便的时候尽早回复，我将不胜感激。Thankyouforyourhelp..(词汇不重，彰显水准)3.这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代表作。Thispictureisfairlyhisearlyworks.4.我画得没有她好。Ishedoes.5.有些软件会持续追踪你过去的消费记录，因此它们能够推断你将来会买些什么。Someappswillyourpastpurchasessotheycanaboutwhatyouwillbuyinthefuture.6.Ifitisnottreatedcorrectly,theconditioncanprove.如果治疗不当，这种病可能会致命。7.姚明被认为是世界上最受欢迎的篮球运动员之一。YaoMingisregardedoneofbasketballplayersintheworld.8.athowskillfultheywere,Ijustasgood.惊奇于他们的技术是如此娴熟，我决心要跟他们一样优秀。9.请把你的新自行车借给我，好吗?(so...astodo)Wouldyoubemeyournewbike?10.Youcan’tfindahotelthanthisone.你找不到比这家更好的宾馆啦。11.一句多译这个国家会变得更加强大，而这将有利于世界和平。①Thecountrywillbecomemorepowerfulandthat.(beneficialadj.)②Thecountrywillbecomemorepowerfulandthat.(benefitn.)③Thecountrywillbecomemorepowerfulandthat.(benefitvt.)12.我发现你很有魅力，很聪明。Ihavefoundyou.13.他想出了一个绝妙的主意。Heidea.14.所知的这个教授的第一次惊人的发现追溯到许多年前。Thefirstdiscoverybythisprofessormanyyearsago.15.克莱尔觉得，机器人向她表示同情，这是荒谬可笑的。Clairthoughtitwastobeofferedbyarobot.16.Theyweretravelingtothecitywhichappearedintheirdreams.他们朝着东边向梦想中的城市进发。Directions:Translatethefollowingsentences.17.Somepeople,whileothers.有些人丰衣足食，而有些人却吃不饱。18..Incomparison,.东方人习惯在睡前洗澡。对比之下，西方人喜欢在起床后洗澡。19.Comparedwith,.和城市相比，乡村的经济相对落后。20.Indeed,playsamuchmoreimportantrolethan/whencomparedwith.当然，与电视相比，因特网对我们日常生活的影响要大得多。21.Nothingcanequalin.没有什么能在速度和舒适性上与飞机相比。22.Whenitcomesto,manypeoplebelievethattheadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages,butIviewitabitdifferently.谈到送十几岁的孩子出国留学，很多人认为优点远多于缺点，但我的看法稍有不同。23.Formostpeopletoday,.Butasforme,shouldberegardedas.如今,多数人将上网作为获取信息的主要来源。但就我而言，读报应该被看作一种更好的来源。24.Despitethefactthatmostofthemprefer,Iwouldliketochoose.尽管有许多人宁愿去饭店吃饭庆祝春节，我还是倾向于在家吃团圆饭。25.中秋节是中国最传统的节日之一。TheMid-AutumnfestivalisinChina.26.显然,这些书籍适合正在学习英语的学生。,thesebooksthestudentswhoarelearningEnglish.27.很多男孩沉迷于电脑游戏，并发现很难戒掉。Manyboyscomputergamesandtheyfindithardtoquit.28.Hegaveher.他向她投以赞赏的一瞥。29.我们为人民做得越多，就越幸福。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)wedoforthepeople,we'llbe.30.Itwasanstory.这故事令人惊讶不已。31.I(宾补结构)我发现这些高阶实验很有挑战性。32.作为第六届世界互联网大会的一名志愿者，他发现学好英语并具有跨文化交流的能力是必要的。(find+宾语+宾补)Asavolunteerinthe6thWorldInternetConference,heandhavetheabilityofcross-culturalcommunication.33.Mygrandmotherispreparingforthe(即将到来的)SpringFestival.(根据汉语意思完成句子)34.However，youare，thelesslikelyitisyouwillbeattacked.然而，你越有礼貌，你就越不可能受到攻击。35.我应当为这一切后果承担责任。Ishouldforalltheconsequences.36.乍看上去，这个地方不像是首府，更像是矿工村。Atfirstsighttheplacelookedacapitalcitythanaminingcamp.37.他还没有意识到可能的危险，如果单独在外太晚的话。（现在完成时;aware）ifheisoutalonetoolateatnight.38.Themagazinewaspackagedinaplasticcasewithattractivegraphics.这本杂志装在一个带有漂亮图纹的别致塑料盒子里。39.她对这个很棒的校园作了简短的描述。Shetheamazingcampus.40.Hekeepshishouse.他让他的房子一尘不染。（用spot的短语或其适当形式填空）二、单项选择41.It’ssocoldthismorning.Ican’tremember________before.A.acoldday B.thecoldestday C.acolderday D.thecolderday42.________andangry，Marybegantocryloudlyandthensheranoutoftheroom.A.Disappointed B.DisappointingC.Beingdisappointed D.Tobedisappointing43.Today,noneoftheartist’sotherworksis__________thisone.A.fondlyrememberedas B.fondlyrememberedsuchasC.asfondlyrememberedas D.suchfondlyrememberedas44.Themanagerwas________toseemanynewproducts________aftergreateffort.A.satisfying;developing B.satisfied;developingC.satisfactory;development D.satisfied;developed45.Sticktoworkinghardatyourlessons,and____,you’llmakeprogress.A.soonerorlater B.firstofall C.allinall D.generallyspeaking46.Allofuswere________bythe________question________byasix-year-oldboy.A.puzzled;puzzling;raising B.puzzling;puzzled;raisedC.puzzled;puzzling;raised D.puzzled;puzzled;beingraised47.--______________,Icanmakeithomeby8:30whenthefootballgamewillbeonTV.--Well,itdependsonhowefficientlyyouwork.A.Obviously B.GraduallyC.Hopefully D.Fortunately48.Afteranabsenceoftendays，themissingboyreturnedhome，__________.A.feelingtiredandsoundlyB.tiringbutsoundC.tiredbutsoundD.felttiredandsound49.________theboyistolearntotalk!A.Howslow B.Howslowly C.Whataslow D.Whataslowly50.Thehurricanedamagedmanyhousesandbusinessbuildings;___________,itcaused20deaths.A.orelse B.therefore C.afterall D.besides51.Hesaysheisunabletogiveupsmoking.Heiscompletely________.A.addicted. B.addictive C.addiction D.addicting52.Thepolicemancameuptotheonlyhousewiththedoor________,________thereforawhileandthenenteredit.A.open;standing B.opening;stood C.open;stood D.opened;standing53.Theprofessorcouldtellbythe_________lookinMaria’seyesthatshedidn’tunderstandasinglewordofhislecture.A.cold B.blank C.innocent D.fresh54.—Thescarfisarealbargain.—Whynottakethemtwo?Theyarebeautifulandthisoneis___________thanthatone.A.nomoreexpensive B.moreexpensiveC.mostexpensive D.soexpensive55.Youdon’tneedtowearasuit;it’san________meeting.A.informal B.recognise C.gradually D.frog56.Atpresent,lotsofpeoplewouldrather________inthecountrybecausethereis________pollutioninthecity.A.live;more B.tolive;less C.live;less D.tolive;more57.－Didyouhaveagoodsleeplastnight?－Yes,neversleep____.A.badly B.better C.worse D.best58.Lifeisfullof________.Schoolisthoughtasthemost________obstacleinthelivesofyouthtoday.A.challenge,challenging B.challenges,challengedC.challenges,challenging D.challenging,challenges59.—Whodoyouthinkwillbethewinner,ThomasorHenry?—Nomatterwhowins,itwillbea_____winning.Becausebothofthemhavedoneagoodjob.A.narrow B.completeC.likely D.mild60.—Howdidyousleeplastnight?—Likeadog.Neverslept________.A.well B.worse C.badly D.better61.Inthepast,travellersfromEuropetoIndonesia_________monthsatsea,butnowwejusthavetositonaplaneforafewhours,soinsomewaystheplanetseemsto_________.A.havespent,getsmaller B.wouldhavespent,begettingsmallC.hadspent,getsmaller D.spent,begettingsmaller62.—Didyoutakeenoughmoneywithyou?—Yes,butIspent_______Ihadexpected.A.notsomanyas B.asmanyas C.muchmorethan D.muchlessthan63.—HowdoyouliketheopeningceremonyoftheBeijingWinterOlympicGames?—Perfect.I'veneverseena____________one.A.good B.better C.best64.Thechildseemed________whenhefoundhispresentbroken.A.toannoy B.annoying C.annoyed D.beingannoying65.Inthepasttenyears,the________mountainclimber_________alotfromhisownadventurous_______A.experienced;experienced;experienceB.experience;experienced;experiencesC.experienced;hasexperienced;experiencesD.experience;hasexperience;experience66.—What’swrong?—Nothingserious.I’mjust________

busy.A.much B.moreC.toomuch D.fartoo67.—Paul.Doyoupreferweekdaysorweekends?—Weekdays,ofcourse.I’m________onweekends.A.busy B.muchbusier C.morebusier D.thebusiest68.You’dbetterbooktheticketsinadvance;_______wemaymisstheconcert.A.however B.therefore C.nevertheless D.otherwise\69.Aftertakingtennisclasses,Timismuch________thanlastyear.A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.thestrongest70.Thefood________easilyandsells________.A.cooks;well B.iscooking;good C.iscooked;well D.cooked;good71.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familiesgathertoadmirethe______moon.A.shine B.shining C.shone D.shines72.Hewenttobed______.Thenextmorninghewokeuponly______himselflyingonthefloor.A.drinking;tofind B.drunk;tofindC.beingdrunk;finding D.todrink;finding73.Weneednotfeelashamedofourfailure.Wemay,_______,faceitrealisticallyandacceptitoptimistically.A.thus B.otherwiseC.instead D.indeed74.OfthetwoAustralianstudents,Mashais________one.Ithinkyoucanfindhereasily.A.tallest B.thetaller C.taller D.thetallest三、用单词的适当形式完成句子75.Weareproudofourachievementsand(hope)forthefuture.76.Weheardasnewsthathediedyesterday.77.Ifoundithardtofollowwhattheteacherwassaying,and(eventual)Ilostconcentration.78.Howwonderfullyshesang!Ihaveneverhearda（beautiful）voice.79.We(brave)droveoffagaintwohourslaterafterwe’dreturnedhometogetthepurseandtraveler’schecksMomhadforgotten.80.Wecan’tfocusonourhomeworkbecauseofthe(disturb)noise.81.Physicalexercisecannotonlyhelpmakemusclesstrongbutalsohelpusgetrelaxedandstudymore(efficient).82.Simonisso(fit)—hegetsbreathlessjustfromwalkingupthestairstothesecondfloor.83.Yourencouragementmadememore(confidence)aboutmyfuture.84.Withabundleofcartoon(month),thepostmanwalkedoutoftheelevator,squeezedthroughthecrowdedcorridorsideways.85.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbea（pain）experience.86.Itwasgreatfunwalkingalongthestreets,enjoyingthe（relax）atmosphere.87.Wecannotguaranteethepunctualarrivaloftrainsin(fog)weather.88.Thepathbeforeyouleadstoa(challenge)world.89.Nowadays,peoplearetryingtohaveavariedand(balance)diettoimprovetheirlivingquality.90.Thelectureisbelievedtobemeaningfuland(practice).91.Thisladywas(genuine)surprisedatwhathappenedtoherdecentbanjo.92.Iwasgettingmoreandmore(annoy)andofcourse,themoreupsetIgot,thelessIwasabletoconcentrate.93.Mydadcalledmetotellmethegoodnews.94.Wearemuch(convince)ofoursuccessinthefootballmatch.95.ThiswassounexpectedbecauseIhadputthehandbrakeonwhenIjumpedout.(obvious),Donhadsomehowmadethevehiclemove.96.Youwriteanunkindmessageaboutsomeone,intendingtosendittoafriend,but(accident)sendittothepersonyou‘rediscussing.97.Fortheyoumade,you’vegotarecord.(crime)98.Thebushesandmapletreesoutsi