英语必背100个基础知识

最新英语必背100个基础知识一、一个星期七天SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday二、一年十二个月JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberaddress上也址admire钦佩admit承认（admitted）agreement协议agriculture农业（agriculturaladj.农业的）industry工业（industrial工业的）altogether总共ancient古代的announce宣告、通知announcement（n.口头通知）anxiety忧虑（anxiousadj.焦急的,anxiouslyadv.焦急地）apologizev.道歉（apologyn.道歉）appear出现（appearance夕卜貌n.）disappear消失/不见appreciate感激/欣赏（感激人用thanksb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciatesth.）Asian（亚洲的）assistant助手astonish吃惊（astonishmentn.吃惊，astonishing令吃惊的，astonished吃惊的）astronaut宇航员atmosphere气氛attempt尝试（n/v）attempttodosthattentively专心地attention专心、payattentiontodoingsthattitude态度attract吸引(attraction吸引力)average平均/平均的onaverage平均balance平衡keepthebalanceofnature保持生态平衡beauty美(beautiful,beautifully)beautify美化believe相信(beliefn.信念，其复数是beliefs)beyond超过biology生物birthday生日bravery勇敢brave勇敢的bravely勇敢地broad宽阔的broadcast广播(broadcastbroadcast;)care关心careful小心的carefully小心地ceiling天花板cinema电影院celebrate庆祝celebration庆祝n.century世纪challenge挑战character性格charge收费bechargeofcomfortv.&n.安慰comfortable舒适的adj.comfortablyadv.舒适地takechargeof管理”comment评论communicate(vt)communication(n)交流competition竞赛(competev,竞赛competitor竞赛者)composition作文concert音乐会concludev.conclusionn,结论condition情况(conditions条件)concern关心(vt)congratulations祝贺(congratulatev.)constant不断的constantly不断地construction(建设)continue继续contribution贡献(contributev.)makecontributionsto对,，做出贡献convenient(adj.)方便的conveniently方便地conversation谈话coughing咳嗽cousin表兄弟cruel的（adj.cruelly残酷地adv.）curious好奇的（curiosityn.好奇）culture（cultural文化的adj.）customer顾客whether是否custom习俗destroy毁灭（其过去式是destroyed）declare宣称delicious美味damage损坏determined有决心的bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事develop发展（developmentn.developing发展中的，developed发达的）dialogue对话diary日记（dairy奶制品）difference不同点（复数deferences）different不同的differently不同土也differfrombedifferentfrommakedifferencesdisappointed失望的（disappointing让人失望的）disappointment失望discovery发现（复数discoveries,动词discover,发现者discoverer）disturb打扰dollar美元（其复数是dollars）downstairs楼下upstairs楼上dream梦想（其过去式是dreamed或dreamt）electricity电（electrical电的,electric电的）employ雇用（employmentn.employer雇主,employee雇员）empty倒空（可用动词，其过去式是emptied）encourage鼓励（encouraging,encouraged,encouragementn.）encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事energy能量envelope信封envyn.妒忌equal（平等的）equality平等equipment设备especially尤其是essential（重要的）European欧洲人event事件107.expert专家excellent极好（excellencen.excellentlyadv.）exhibition展览expense耗费expensive昂贵的experience经验/经历（experienced有经验的）anunusualexperience一次不同寻常的经历havemuchexperience经验丰富107.express（vt）表达expression（n）impressE[]象impression（n.）failv.失败failuren.失败failtodosth没做成某事familiar（熟悉的）befamiliarto/withworship崇拜favorite最喜爱的flexible灵活的figure人物/数字finger手指flight飞行forehead前额foreign（外国的）fortunate幸运的fortunately幸运地unfortunately不幸运地forward向前freezing极冷的（frozen冷冻的）frequently经常地furniture家具far远的further进一步的generally大概generallyspeaking一般来说geography地理Germany德国government政府gradual逐渐的gradually逐渐地graduation毕业（graduatefrom毕业于）grammar语法habit习惯formahabitof养成，习惯handkerchief手绢）honest诚实的honesty诚实honor/honour荣誉imagination想象力（imaginev.）immediate（立即的）immediately马上（adv）takemeasures采取措施formahabitof养成，习惯incident小事件including包括（includev.）independent独立的industry工业（industrialadj.工业的）information信息instrument仪器institute学院inspire激励（inspirationn.inspiring鼓舞人心的，inspired受鼓舞的）interest兴趣interesting有兴趣的beinterestedin对,,感兴趣interrupt打断judgingfrom根据”来判断introduce介绍(introductionn.)regular规则的irregular不规则的journey旅程judge判断(judgment)kindergarten幼儿园knowledge知识labor/labour劳动late迟的lately最近laugh笑laughter笑声law法律lawyer律师legal合法的illegal非法的library图书馆librarian图书馆理员lose掉失,(lost,lost)loss损失n.luck幸运lucky幸运的luckily幸运地magazine杂志majority(大多数)weather天气manage设法(manager经理，managementWS)managetodo设法做到..market(市场)supermarket超市marriage结婚（marryv.结婚,married已婚的）getmarriedto与某人结婚material（s）材料）whisper低语mayor市长mean（意味、打算）meaning意义meaningful有意义的measure测量medal奖章（比较：model模型metal金属）memoryt己T乙力（memorizev.i己住，rememberi己得）message口信musician音乐家modern现代的modest谦虚的monitor班长moustache胡子murder谋杀（murderer凶手）music音乐musical音乐的mysterious神秘的（mystery神秘）nationalityHJS（nation国家，national国家的）nature自然natural自然的）naughty淘气的normal正常的itisnecessaryforsbtodosth某人有必要做某事necessary必要obey（遵守）break违反obvious明显的obviously明显地offer（主动提供）offertodosth主动做某事operate动手术operation手术opportunity机会（=chance）ordinary普通的organize/organise（组织）organization组织particularly特别是passenger旅客problem难题question问题patience耐心patient耐心的;病人（patiently耐心地）wealth财富perfect完美（的）（perfectly）Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧perform（表演）perhaps或许period时期permit许可vtpermission许可npersuaded（说服）phenomenon现象phenomena现象（复数）三、一年四季springsummerautumnwinter四、容易拼写错的数字eighth第八ninth第九forty四十twelfth第十二twentieth第二十五、亲属称呼daughter（女儿）niece（女性晚辈）nephew（男性晚辈）cousin（同辈兄弟姐妹）aunt（女性长辈）uncle（男性长辈）六、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母regret（regretted,regretting）后，悔control（controlled,controlling）控制admit（admitted,admitting）承认physicist物理学家pilot（飞行员）poisonous有毒的（poison）political政治的（politics）popular受欢迎的population人口position职位possibility（-ies）可能性（possible可能的）poverty贫穷n（poor贫穷的）waste（浪费）It'sawastetodosth做某事时一种浪费practice实践practical（可实施的,实际的）prepare（准备）preparationpress压/按pressure（压力）pretend假装pretendtodosth假装做某事professor教授profit利润progress进步makegoodprogress进步很大pronounce发音pronunciation（n.发音）provide提供（比较:supply/providesbwithsthoffersbsth提供某人某物，public公众purpose目的onpurpose故意地quality质量/素质quantity（数量）realize（实现vt）realityn.现实receive"攵至Urecently（最近=lately）recycle（循环再用）recognize认出regards问候givemyregardstosb请带我向某人问候remind提醒remindsbofsth提醒某人某物repeatvt.重复（repetitionn.重复）respect尊敬restaurant餐馆temperature温度satisfaction满意（satisfy,satisfied,satisfying）umbrella（雨伞）Saturday（星期六）scientific科学的scientific科学的secretary秘书secretly（秘密地）separately单独地separate（单独的adj、分开vt）serious严重的(seriously)serve(v)-service(n)月艮务shortcoming缺点silence安静(silent安静的-silently安静地)succeed(vi)成功success(n)成功successful(adj)成功的successfully(adv)Succeedindoingsth成功做某事(=besuccessfultodosth)similar类似的(simila八ty-ies相似之处)situation形势/情况slightly(稍微)society社会(socialadj.社会的)southern(南方的)northern北方的western西方的eastern东方的special特别的species物种(单复数同形)spring春天square平方steal-stole--stolen(偷)straight(直的)suit合适suitable合适的support支持/支撑supportthefamily养家糊口surprise吃惊toone'ssurprise使某人吃惊的是besurprisedat对..感到吃惊surround包围surrounding周围的surroundings环境swimming（游泳n.）technique技术（technicaladj.技术的）technology技术theory理论intheory理论上thirst渴nthirsty口渴的adjthorough彻底的total合计traffic交通trafficjam塞车translate翻译translation翻译translator翻译家interpret解说，interpreter口语翻译）usual平常的unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地unwilling不愿意（willingadj.愿意willn.意志）bewillingtodo愿意做”vacation假期"holiday）various各种各样的（varietyn.种类）victim受害者victory胜利vocabulary词汇voyage航行occur(occurred,occurring)出现prefer(preferred,preferring)宁愿refer(referred,referring)提到forget(forgetting)忘记permit(permitted,permuting)允许equip(equipped,equipping)装备注意:quarrel,signal,travel中的I可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语)七、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词broadcast(broadcast,broadcast)广播flee(fled,fled)逃跑forbid(forbade,forbidden)禁止forgive(forgave,forgiven)原谅freeze(froze,frozen)结冰hang(作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)lie-lied-lied说谎；lie—lay-lain躺下lay-laid-laid放置seek(sought,sought)寻求shake(shook,shaken)发抖sing(sang,sung)唱歌sink(sank,sunk/sunken)下沉spread(spread,spread)传播swim(swam,swum)游泳tear(tore,torn)撕碎wear(wore;worn)穿/戴hold(held,held)make(made,made)keep(kept,kept)八、意思相近的词check(核对)/examine(检查)/test(测试)receive(收到)/accept(接受)destroy(毁坏；毁灭)/damage(破坏)celebrate(庆祝)/congratulate(祝贺)wearsth/dresssb穿衣九、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化long—length长度wide一width宽度high-height高度strong—strength力量以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick,再加ing或edpicnic(picnicked,picnicking)野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写German(Germans)德国人gulf(gulfs)海湾handkerchief（handkerchiefs）手帕roof（roofs）房顶hero（英雄）,potato（土豆）,tomato（西红柿）等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化succeed-success成功pronounce-pronunciation发音.explain-explanation解释decide-decision决定enter—entrance进入permit-permission允许consider-consideration考虑expect-expectation期待discover-discovery发现bury—burial埋葬conclude—conclusion得出结论arrive—arrival至U达weigh-weight重量describe—description描述lose一loss损失anxious—anxiety焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化beautiful美丽的一beautifullypossible可能的一possiblypractical实际的一practicallyparticular特别的一particularlysuccessful成功的一successfully常用英汉互译知识1.元宵节：LanternFestival2,刺绣：embroidery.重阳节：Double-NinthFestival.清明节：Tombsweepingday.剪名氏：PaperCutting.书法：Calligraphy.对联：(SpringFestival)Couplets.象形文字：Pictograms/PictographicCharacters.人才流动：BrainDrain/BrainFlow.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle.战国：WarringStates.风水：Fengshui/GeomanticOmen.铁饭碗：IronBowl.函授部：TheCorrespondenceDepartment.集体舞：GroupDance.黄土高原：LoessPlateau.红白喜事：WeddingsandFunerals.中秋节：Mid-AutumnDay.结婚证：MarriageCertificate.儒家文化：ConfucianCulture.附属学校：Affiliatedschool.古装片：CostumeDrama.武打片：ChineseSwordplayMovie.元宵：Tangyuan/SweetRiceDumpling(Soup).一国两制：OneCountry,TwoSystems.火锅：HotPot.四人帮：GangofFour.《诗经》：TheBookofSongs.素质教育：Essential-qualities-orientedEducation.《史t己》：HistoricalRecords/RecordsoftheGrandHistorian.大跃进：GreatLeapForward(Movement).《西游记》：TheJourneytotheWest.除夕：ChineseNewYear'sEve/EveoftheSpringFestival.针灸：Acupuncture.唐三彩：Tri-colorPotteryoftheTangDynasty/TheTangTri-coloredpottery.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-characteredSocialist/SocialistwithChinesecharacteristics.偏旁：radical.孟子：Mencius.亭/阁:Pavilion/Attic.大中型国有企业：Large