英语人教版高中选择性必修一（2019新编）第四单元Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking学案

SectionⅠReadingandThinking重点词汇讲解Point1vary

用法详解varyvi.变化,不同,相异vt.改变,使不同[同]change,alter。常见搭配:varyfrom不同于varywith…随……变化而变化varyfrom…to…从……到……有所变化varybetween…and…在……和……之间变化varyinsth.(大小、形状等)不同;有别Hermoodvarieswiththeweather.她的情绪随天气变化而变化。Classnumbersvaryfrom25to30.班级的数目从25到30不等。归纳拓展(1)variousadj.各种各样的;有差异的(2)varietyn.种种;多样化avarietyof/varietiesof各种各样的availableinvariouscolours各种颜色的应有尽有经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)AsinChina,theclimateinCanada(vary)dependingonthearea.

(2)AsinChina,theclimateinCanadavariesthearea.

(3)Inthebotanicalgardenwecanfind(vary)plantsthatrangefromtalltreestosmallflowers.

2.根据汉语意思完成句子(1)男人与女人之间,富人与穷人之间,他们的希望、目标、恐惧与渴望有很大的区别。(vary)Thehopes,goals,fearsanddesiresmenandwomen,betweentherichandthepoor.

(2)我非常喜欢读书,尤其是小说,无论是中文的还是英文的。(分词做状语)Ilikereadingverymuch,especiallythestorybooks,.

参考答案1.(1)varies(2)withvarywith随……变化而变化。(3)various修饰名词plants用形容词。2.(1)varywidelybetween(2)varyingfromChinesestoriestoEnglishstoriesPoint2appropriate

用法详解appropriateadj.合适的;恰当的。常见搭配:beappropriateto/for适用于;合乎beappropriatetodosth.做某事是合适的beappropriatethatsb.(should)do…某人做……是合适的归纳拓展appropriatelyadv.适当地;合适地inappropriateadj.不适当的,不合适的Matchthebeginningofeachsentencewiththeappropriateending.把每个句子的开头和适当的结尾搭配起来。Itisnotappropriatetoasksuchpersonalquestionsinaninterview.在采访中问这样的私人问题是不合适的。经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Itisnotappropriate(leave)yourfriendwhoisintroubleatthispoint.

(2)Beforeyouturnupinanysocialoccasions,yououghttomakesureyouare(appropriate)dressed.

2.根据汉语意思完成句子在像这样的正式聚会上穿牛仔裤是不合适的。Jeansareaformalpartylikethis.

参考答案1.(1)toleave(2)appropriately2.notappropriateto/forPoint3approve

用法详解(1)vt.批准;通过(计划、要求等)Congressapprovedthebudget.国会通过了该预算案。Thecitycouncilapprovedthebuildingplan.市议会批准了这项建筑计划。(2)vi.赞成;同意。常见搭配:approveofsb./sth.赞成或同意某人/某事approveofsb’sdoingsth同意/赞成某人做某事Doyouapproveofmyidea?你同意我的想法吗?Youmadeawisedecision,andIthoroughlyapprovedofit.你做出了一个明智的决定,我完全赞同。Iamafraidyourparentswon’tapproveofyourmarryinghim.我恐怕你的父母不赞成你和他结婚。归纳拓展①相关词语积累:approvaln.赞成,同意;认可(反)disapprovev.不同意②表示“赞成的”词(组)还有agree,befor,infavourof等;表示“反对的”词(组)还有disagree,beagainst等。Heshowedhisapprovalbysmiling.他用微笑表示赞成。经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Sheregisteredforthe2022OlympicGames,andfinallyshereceived(approve)fromtheOlympicCommittee.

(2)Thelocalgovernmenthas(approve)thenewannualfinancialplan.

(3)Idon’tapprovewastingtime.

2.一句多译他把自己的计划告诉了朋友们,其中多数人赞同他实施那个计划。(1)Hetoldhisplantohisfriends,himcarryingitout.(定语从句)

(2)Hetoldhisplantohisfriends,andhimcarryingitout.(并列句)

参考答案1.(1)approval句意:她报名参加2022年冬季奥运会,最终获得了奥委会的批准。名词形式做谓语动词received的宾语。(2)approved句意:当地政府已经批准每年的新的财政计划。空前有助动词has,故填过去分词。(3)of句意:我不赞成浪费时间。approveof赞成,赞同。2.(1)mostofwhomapprovedof(2)mostofthemapprovedofPoint4witness用法详解witnessvt.当场见到;目击n.目击者;证人;证据。常见搭配:awitness/witnessesto………的证人/证据witnessfor作证;为……辩护,为……作证;出庭witnesstodoingsth.见证做某事witnessthat…证明,证实,说明……Becauseofmyteacher’spraise,thelastyearwitnessedmygreatprogressinmyEnglish.由于老师的表扬,过去的一年见证了我在英语方面取得的巨大进步。HeisalivingwitnesstoatrocitiesbytheJapaneseinvaders.他是日本侵略者暴行的活着的见证人。Letme,asawitness,tellthemwhathappenedsothattheywillnotbewronglyinformed.让我这个目击者来告诉他们所发生的事情,免得以讹传讹。经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Hisgoodhealthisawitnessthesuccessofthetreatment.

(2)Thedriverwitnessedto(see)themanenterthebuilding.

2.根据汉语意思完成句子(1)站在那儿,通过望远镜我目睹了一只蓝鲸被它的同伴抛弃。(witness)Standingthere,Iabluewhalewasabandonedbyitscompanionsthroughatelescope.

(2)她向警察作了详尽的描述,因为她当时目睹了一切。Shewasabletogivethepoliceafullaccountsinceshehadbeen.

参考答案1.(1)toawitnessto………的证据/证人,为固定搭配。(2)havingseenwitnesstodoingsth.见证做某事,to为介词后接doing。根据句意可知,看见see发生在作证witness之前,故用完成形式。2.(1)witnessedthat(2)awitnesstoitPoint5employ用法详解employvt.雇用;利用(时间、精力等)。常见搭配:employsb.as…雇用某人当……employsb.todosth.雇用某人做某事beemployedindoingsth.=employoneselfindoingsth.从事某事,忙于做某事employanewmethod采用新方法Youcouldemployyoursparetimebetter.你可以把闲暇时间利用得更好。Themanageremployedhimselfinmakingafutureplanforhiscompany.经理忙于为公司制订未来计划。归纳拓展employern.雇主employeen.雇员;受雇者employmentn.职业;工作;使用unemploymentn.失业(率)辨析比较employ,hire与rent(1)employ:长时间“雇用”,宾语多是人。employasecurityofficer雇用保安(2)hire:短期、临时或一次性“雇用,租用”,宾语是人或物。hireaboattogofishing租一条船去钓鱼rent:长时间“出租;租用”,宾语是房屋、土地等。rentahousefromsb.租某人的房子Theyemploycasuallabortopickthefruit.他们雇用临时工摘水果。Shewashiredthreeyearsago.她是三年前被录用的。Sherentsahousewiththreeothergirls.她和另外3个女孩合租了一套房子。经典例题单句语法填空(1)Anumberofpeoplehavebeenemployed(deal)withthework.

(2)Itrequiresnotrainingbefore(employ).

(3)TheUniversityofAdelaideafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.

(4)The(employ)ofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehis(employ)enjoytheirwork.

(5)Favorablepoliciesareineffecttoencourage(employ)professionaldevelopment.

参考答案(1)todeal句意:已雇用一些人来处理这项工作。employsb.todosth.为固定搭配,故用动词不定式形式。(2)employment句意:它在就业前不需要任何培训。介词后用名词形式。(3)employs句意:阿德莱德大学雇用了全职的消防专业人员。主语为单数形式,故谓语用第三人称单数形式。(4)employer;employees句意:这家公司的老板正试图创造一种轻松的气氛,使他的员工在其中享受他们的工作。(5)employees’句意:优惠政策有效地鼓励员工的职业发展。本题考查名词所有格,根据句意可知应用名词复数的所有格形式。Point6differ

用法详解(1)vi.有区别;与……相同;不同于。常见搭配:differin…在……方面不同

differfrom…与……不同Hishousediffersfrommineinhavingnogarage.他的房子和我的不同,区别在于没有车库。(2)vi.(人)看法不同;与……意见不同。常见搭配:differwithsb.on/oversth.在某事上与某人有不同之处Thetwosidesinthedisputestilldifferwitheachotheroverthequestionofpay.争执的双方在报酬问题上仍各持己见。归纳拓展differentlyadv.不同地differentadj.不同的differencen.区别经典例题1.单句语法填空(1)Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatlysizeandshape.

(2)Peopleoftengivevery(differ)accountsofthesameevent.

2.根据汉语意思完成句子(1)那就是我们的分歧所在。Thatis.

(2)他们的房子完全不同于我们的房子。Theirhousescompletely.

参考答案1.(1)in句意:各种各样的树上都可以找到叶子,但是它们在大小及形状上有很大的不同。differin意为“在……方面不同”。(2)different句意:人们常常对同一件事的叙述大不相同。修饰名词用形容词形式。2.(1)wherewediffer(2)differfromoursPoint7favour

用法详解favourn.[C]帮助,恩惠;[U]支持vt.较喜欢,选择,有利于。常见搭配:dosb.afavour帮某人的忙

askafavourofsb.请求某人帮忙

infavourof支持,赞成(=befor)

insb.’sfavour有利于某人,有助于某人使用favour构成的短语时需注意其中有无冠词。Couldyoudomeafavourandturnoffthatlight?你能帮我个忙,把那盏灯关掉好吗?—CanIaskafavourofyou?我可以请你帮个忙吗?—Sure,whatcanIdoforyou?当然(可以),我能为你做什么呢?Iaminfavourofgoingtothemoviesonweekends.我赞成周末去看电影。Thedelayofthematchmaybeinourfavour.比赛推迟或许对我们有利。Thevotewas60:59inhisfavour.投票结果是60:59,他占优势。Fortunefavoursthosewhousetheirjudgement.机遇偏爱善断之人。考向追踪favour是重点单词,高考常在完形填空中考查infavourof与其他“in+n.+of”结构的短语(如inneedof需要,insearchof寻找,inhonourof为向……表示敬意)的辨析。经典例题1.单句写作(1)Couldyou(帮我)tocarrythisbagupstairs?

(2)Thesituationis(对我们有利),aseverybodycansee.

2.同义句转换Hedidheragreatfavourbygivinghersomevaluablesuggestions.→Hebygivinghersomevaluablesuggestions.

3.选词填空:infavourof/inhonourof/inneedof(1)ManyuniversitiesinChinaprovidescholarshipsforstudentsfinancialaid.

(2)Iamexercise,butit’sneveragoodideatoexercisewhenitistooclosetobedtime.

(3)InChina,theDragonBoatFestivaliscelebratedeveryyearthegreatancientChinesepoetQuYuan.

参考答案1.(1)domeafavour(2)inourfavour2.didagreatfavourforher3.(1)inneedof(2)infavourof(3)inhonourofPoint8breakdown

用法详解(1)(机器)损坏;破坏;出故障。为不及物动词短语。Thecarbrokedownonhiswayhome.在他回家的路上汽车坏了。Themachinebrokedownatthisbusyhour.正忙的时候机器出了故障。(2)(讨论、谈判等)失败。为不及物动词短语。Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.据新闻报道两国的和谈失败,未达成任何协议。(3)(健康或精神等方面)垮掉;崩溃。为不及物动词短语。Hishealthhasbrokendownbecauseofthepressureofwork.由于工作压力,他的身体垮下来了。(4)(化合物等)使分解。为及物动词短语。Foodisbrokendowninthestomach.食物在胃里被分解。归纳拓展breakawayfrom脱离(政党);打破(陈规、陋习)breakin打断;插嘴;闯入breakinto闯入breakout(战争、火灾等)爆发breakup分散;拆散;驱散;(关系等)破裂breakoff断开;折断经典例题1.判断下列句子中breakdown的含义(1)Thepeacetalksbrokedownwithnoagreementreached.

(2)Yourhealthwillbreakdownifyoualwaysstayuplate.

(3)ItwasbadluckthatmycarbrokedownonthewaytoBeijing.

(4)Plasticbagsaredifficulttobreakdown.

2.用break相关的短语填空(1)Theroomisinamess.Itmusthavebeen.

(2)Thethiefthepolicemenwhowereholdinghim.

(3)Jackwasinthemiddleofafunnystorywhenhetoanswerthetelephone.

(4)Thefiremusthaveafterthestaffhadgonehome.

(5)Thecarhalfwayfornoreason.

参考答案1.(1)失败(2)垮掉(3)出故障(4)分解2.(1)brokeninto(2)brokeawayfrom(3)brokeoff(4)brokenout(5)brokedownPoint9anger

用法详解(1)n.怒,怒火。常见搭配:inanger生气地,在愤怒中showanger显示愤怒;生气containone’sanger抑制某人的怒火holdbackone’sanger抑制某人的怒火befilledwithanger=befullofanger充满怒气toone’sanger使某人生气的是controlone’sanger强压怒火angersb.激怒某人Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.当我们感到愤怒时,它似乎很简单,但愤怒的原因是多种多样的。(2)v.使发怒;激怒常见搭配:beangeredby/at因……而发怒归纳拓展angryadj.生气的;愤怒的angrilyadv.愤怒地beangrywith/atsb.生某人的气beangryat/aboutsth.因某事而生气经典例题1.单句写作(1)Hewas(充满怒火)atthewayhehadbeentreated.

(2)Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommitted(在愤怒中).

(3)Thequestionclearly(激怒了他).

2.单句语法填空(1)Hissinceritywasevidentineveryword,butTonyrefusedhimanger.

(2)Thetaskwassohard,andSteve,(anger)andupset,saidhewasquitting.

参考答案1.(1)filledwithanger/fullofanger(2)inanger(3)angeredhim2.(1)withwithanger生气地。(2)angry根据空后的“andupset”可知,此处应与形容词upset并列,故用形容词。Point10reliable

用法详解reliable为形容词,意为“可依赖的;可靠的”,可用来形容人,也可用来形容物。其反义词为unreliable,意为“不可靠的”。We’relookingfor