Unit3TheWorldofScienceUsingLanguage课件高中英语外研版

Unit3TheworldofsciencePresentperfectpassiveB3U3动词的两种语态主动语态（theactivevoice）：表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态（thepassivevoice）：表示主语是动作的承受者Weplantedthetrees.主谓关系Thetreeswereplantedbyus.动宾关系不同时态的被动语态现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般时

进行时

----------

----------完成时

-----------------------is/am/aredonewas/weredonewillbedonewouldbedoneis/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendoneFootballisplayedinmostcountriesintheworld.ThefishwascaughtbyMr.Green.

Willthehousebebuiltnextyear?Heknewhewouldbepunishedfordrunkdriving.

Anotherbridgeisbeingbuiltovertheriver.

Thisroadwasbeingbuiltthistimelastyear.

Noagreementhasbeenreachedsofarbythetwosides.Whenwegottothecinema,alltheticketshadbeensoldout..Areyoufamiliarwiththesesounds?Youhavebeenslain.Anallyhasbeenslain.slay--slayed--slayedslay--slew--slain

击杀现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时

(have/has+v-ed)：表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响;或表示动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。Presentperfectpassive现在完成时的被动语态被动语态

(be+v-ed)be随主语的人称、数和时态的变化而变化。当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动语态。Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.a

Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b

Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.1Whathashappenedto“you”insentence(a)?Someonehasasked“you”aboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.a

Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b

Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.2Whohasusednewinventionstomakereplacementheartsandbonepartsinsentence(b)?Peoplehaveused3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.a

Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b

Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.c

Iguesssomeonehasaskedyouaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.d

Peoplehaveusednewinventionslike3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.3Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?Group(a,b)_______________________________________.Group(c,d)_______________________________________.containthepassiveformwiththesubjectscontaintheactiveformwiththesubjects（主动语态）（被动语态）4

Whydoestheauthorchoosetousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveforminthereadingpassage?Theauthorchoosestousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveformtoemphasisewhathasbeendone,ratherthanwhoorwhatdoestheaction.a

Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b

Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththepresentperfectpassiveinthereadingpassage.1)TheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished..3)Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.已经被出版已经被取得已经被用来一

现在完成时的被动语态含义1表过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常连用的时间状语有：

for+段时间，since+时间状语(从句)，thesedays,sofar,uptonow,

inthelast/pastfewyears等。ThisclasshavebeentaughtbyMr.Brownfortwoyears.Rowling’snovelshavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguagessofar.HisChinesehasbeenimprovedalotsincehecametoChina.这个班已经被教了两年了自从他来中国，他的中文已经提升了很多迄今为止罗琳的小说已经被翻译成了很多外国语言。一

现在完成时的被动语态含义2表某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，

常与already,yet,just,ever,never,recently等连用。Thebikehasnotbeenrepairedyet.IhavealreadybeenintroducedtoMr.Smith.这辆自行车还没有修理我已经被介绍给史密斯先生了

注意事项1during

/

over

+

时间段,

inthelast

/

past

+

时间段等时间状语常与现在完成时搭配的时间状语since+时间点,already,recently

,

lately

,sofar,uptonow,for＋时间段,eversince二

现在完成时的被动语态几种常规用法WhentousethePresentperfectpassive?1.不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁；Hisbikehasbeenstolen.

Suchbookshavebeenwrittenforchildren.

Theletterhasbeenopened.2.强调动作的承受者，而不是动作的执行者；

Alltheproductshavebeentested.

3.用于动作的执行者不是人时。Thehousehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.（已经为儿童编写这类图书了。）（这些产品都经过测试了。）（这封信被人拆开了。）（那栋房子已经被洪水冲走了。）（他的自行车被人偷了）三

现在完成时的被动语态结构have/has+been+v-edhave/has+not+been+v-edHave/Has+主语+been+v-ed?疑问词+have/has+been+v-ed?肯定式：否定式：一般疑问句：特殊疑问句：三

现在完成时的被动语态结构have/has+not+been+v-ed否定式：Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromhisovercoat.（墨迹还没有从他的外套上去掉）Have/Has+主语+been+v-ed?一般疑问句：Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?（下次会议的日期已经确定了吗？）三

现在完成时的被动语态结构疑问词+have/has+been+v-ed?特殊疑问句：Howlong

hasthisfilmbeenshown?（这部电影已经放映多长时间了？）（谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？）Howmanynewwordshasbeenlearnedbythestudents?（这些学生已经学会了对少个新单词？）

两个助动词1现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has和been，

两者缺一不可。Hehasbeenselectedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting.（他已经被挑选出来参加运动会。）

与一般过去时被动语态的区别一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。Themachinehasbeenrepaired．机器已经修好了。(动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday．机器昨天修了。(只说明动作发生在昨天。)

非延续性动词Thenewcarhasbeenkeptforamonth.(borrow)这辆新车已经被借了一周了。Thenewcarhasbeenborrowedforamonth.√×

非延续性动词但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。eg:

Thisdictionaryhasnotbeenborrowedsincelastweek.

不及物动词或词组并不是所有动词都有被动语态。happen

,takeplace

,breakout

,belongto

,cost

,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.1978年以来，中国发生了巨大的变化

动词短语动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。Theorphanshavebeentakengoodcareofhere．孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾。Theinjuredbirdhasbeenlookedaftersinceitwassaved.

（of不可省略）那只受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。（after不可省略）如何将句子变成现在完成时的被动语态？VerbformActivePassivehave/has+been+v-edhave/has+v-ed将下面句子中的主动语态变为被动语态。practice!

1.Nobodyhasheardof

SusansinceshemovedtoAmerica.

__________________________________________________2.Theywon'tfinish

theexperimentbeforeteno'clock.___________________________________________________Susanhasn'tbeenheardofsinceshemovedtoAmerica.Theexperimentwon'tbefinishedbeforeteno'clock.将下面句子中的主动语态变为被动语态。practice!

3.Wehaven'tgiven

themanythingtoeat.

__________________________________________________4.Haveyoufed

thepigsyet?

__________________________________________________5.Wehavealreadydiscussedthisquestion.

__________________________________________________Thisquestion

hasalreadybeendiscussed.Theyhaven'tbeengivenanythingtoeat.Havethepigs

beenfedyet?Manythingsinourliveshavealreadybeenaffected,1.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,3D-printedhamburgers

havebeenservedtocustomersinsomerestaurantsinLondon.2.somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhambuegerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthathasbeenachievedtodateisinmedicine.3.ButperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisindedicineHumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,havebeenmadewith3Dprintingtechnology.

4.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anew3D-printedshell

hasbeengiventoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!5.peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire.ImagineyouareDrMoore.Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.

Usethepresentperfectpassivewhereappropriate.

Inthemorning,whenIwentintomylab,Ifeltextremelysurprised.Whatamessitisnow!Mylab

_____________(break)

into.Theonlyrobotatthedoor

_____________

(push)downintopieces.Thedoorofthecupboardwasopen.Somechemicalapparatusessuchast