医学微生物学 46医学免疫学 28 医学寄生虫 24

感染与免疫医学微生物学(46)医学免疫学(28)医学寄生虫(24)药理学(12)MedicalImmunology医学免疫学1.Majorconception2.Immunesystem3.Typeofimmuneresponse4.TheHistoryofimmunologyBriefIntroductionChapter1,2免疫学简介A.Immunity

Classicalconception

Modernconception(immunis)

免疫是机体识别自己和非己,并排除非己抗原,以维持机体内环境稳定的生理性防御功能;正常情况下具有保护作用,异常情况下可损害机体（双重性）---机体防御病原体侵袭的能力(或抗感染的防御能力)

1.Majorconception

Pathogenortoxicproduct

bodySpecificsubstanceCombinewith

AgAb

Ag→→→body

→→→Ab(IS)

抗原刺激机体(免疫系统)产生抗体的全过程称为免疫应答(immuneresponse,IR)

B.Antigen,antibodyandimmuneresponse2.Immunesystem(IS)A.ComponentsofimmunesystemB.Functionsofimmunesystem

-

Immuneorgans

•centralimmuneorgan

•periphericimmuneorganandtissues

A.ComponentsofISimmuneorgans

immunecells

immunemolecules

---bonemarrowandthymus---lymphnodesandspleen•mucosal-associatedlymphoidtissue

bonemarrow*siteofBcelldifferentiationandmutulation*siteofdevelopingresponsemediatedbyBcell

*sourseofvariousbloodcells

thymus

siteofTcelldifferentiationandmutulationinduceautoimmunetolerancetakepartinimmunoregulation

outercortexinnermedulla

---*structureof

thymic

lobule

胸腺小叶的结构TSCincluding:

•thymusepithelialcells•macrophage•thymusdendriticcells

•fibroblast*containthymocytesandthymicstromalcells(TSC)*functionofthymus*structure*functionofthymus

shallowcortex(Bcellareas)

paracortex(Tcellareas)cortex

medullarycords

髓索(T,B,plasmacellandM)

medullarysinus

髓窦

sitesofresidenceanddevelopingimmuneresponseforTandBcell

filterlymph

takepartinlymphocyterecirculationlymphnodesmedulla

75%---T25%---Bspleen*structurewhitepulpredpulp

白髓(淋巴鞘)边缘带被膜中央小动脉入脾动脉淋巴小结的生发中心边缘带小动脉周围淋巴鞘静脉窦脾索红髓生发中心(淋巴滤泡)(Tcellareas)(Bcellareas)*function(Bcell,M

,DC)55%---B35%---T(Bcell,Tcell)•T,B细胞定居和产生免疫应答的场所•过滤血液•合成免疫活性物质的重要场所

Mucosalimmunesystem(MIS)(ormucosal-associatedlymphoidtissue,MALT)*consistsofunencapsulatedsubepithelial

lymphoidfoundinthegastrointestinal,respiratoryandurogenitaltracts•执行固有免疫•分泌SIgA,执行局部特异性免疫功能的主要场所•参与口服抗原介导的免疫耐受

*function

Immunecells

hematopoieticstemcells(HSC)phagocyteslymphocytes(T,BandNKcells)antigen-presentingcell(APC)othercell---所有参与免疫应答或与免疫应答有关的细胞及其前体,均属于免疫细胞

Immunemoleculessecritorymoleculemembranemolecules

(Ig,Complement,Cytokine)(TCR,BCR,MHCmolecule,CKR,CDmolecule,AM,CRandsoon.)

SelfAgnon-selfAgautoimmunityorAIDB.FunctionofISrecognizeAgresponseIRISrejectnon-selfHIorCMISelf-toleranceimmunetolerancehypersensitivity

Normalimmunedefenceimmunehomeostasisimmunesurveillance

AbnormalallergyorIDDautoimmunediseasetumor/severeinfection3.TypeofimmuneresponseA.Innateimmuneresponse(对多种抗原产生的应答,是机体固有的天然防御功能)

Constitution

Feature•Barrierstructure•PhagocytosisofphagocytesandkillofNKcells•Anti-microorganismsubstancesinthebodyfluidsandtissues生来具有、可遗传、相对稳定、无特异性、有种的差异(orcalledinnate/nonspecificimmunity)B.AdaptiveimmuneresponseB.Adaptiveimmuneresponse

Humoralimmunity(HI)andcell-mediatedimmunity(CMI)orcellularimmunity

Feature(oracquired/specificimmunity)接触抗原后获得，不可遗传，有明显特异性(对特异性抗