2022年大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案第一套

6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参照答案(第一套）PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereisadifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology.Scienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;technologyisamethodofsolvingpracticalproblems.Sciencehastodowithdiscoveringthefactsandrelationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenainnatureandwithestablishingtheoriesthatservetoorganizethesefactsandrelationships;technologyhastodowithtools,techniques,andproceduresforimplementingthefindingofscience.Anotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodowiththeprogressineach.Progressinscienceexcludesthehumanfactor.Scientists,whoseektocomprehendtheuniverseandknowthetruthwithinthehighestdegreeofaccuracyandcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownorotherpeople'slikesordislikesortopopularideasaboutthefitnessofthings.Whatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople-asdidDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Butevenanunpleasanttruthismorethanlikelytobeuseful;besides,wehavethechoiceofrefusingtobelieveit!Buthardlysowithtechnology;wedonothavethechoiceofrefusingtohearthesonicboomproducedbyasupersonicaircraftflyingoverhead;wedonothavetheoptionofrefusingtobreathepollutedair;andwedonothavetheoptionoflivinginanon-atomicage.Unlikescienceprogress,technologymustbemeasuredintermsofthehumanfactor.Thelegitimatepurposeoftechnologyistoservepeopleingeneral,notmerelysomepeople;andfuturegenerations,notmerelythosewhopresentlywishtogainadvantageforthemselves.Technologymustbehumanisticifitistoleadtoabetterworld.21.Thedifferencebetweenscienceandtechnologyliesinthat_____.A)theformerprovidesanswerstotheoreticalquestionswhilethelattertopracticalproblemsB)theformerseekstocomprehendtheuniversewhilethelatterhelpschangethematerialworldC)theformeraimstodiscovertheinter-connectionsoffactsandtherulesthatexplainthemwhilethelatter,todiscovernewdesignsandwaysofmakingthethingsweuseinourdailylifeD)alloftheabove22.Whichofthefollowingmayberepresentativeofscience?A)Theimprovementofpeople'slife.B)Thetheoryofpeople'slife.C)Farmingtools.D)Massproduction.23.Accordingtotheauthor,scientifictheories_____.A)mustbestrictlyobjectiveB)usuallytakeintoconsiderationpeople'slikesanddislikesC)shouldconformtopopularopinionsD)alwaysappearinperfectandfinishedforms24.Theauthorstatesthattechnologyitself_____.A)isresponsibleforwidespreadpollutionandresourceexhaustionB)shouldservethosewhowishtogainadvantageforthemselvesC)willleadtoabetterworldifputtowiseuseD)willinevitablybeforbadpurpose25.Thetoneoftheauthorinthispassageis_____.A)positiveB)negativeC)factualD)criticalPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Americanshavealwaysbeenambivalentintheirattitudestowardeducation.Ontheonehand,freeanduniversalpubliceducationwasseenasnecessaryinademocracy,forhowelsewouldcitizenslearnhowtogovernthemselvesinaresponsibleway?Ontheotherhand,Americawasalwaysacountrythatofferedfinancialopportunitiesforwhicheducationwasnotneeded:ontheroadfromragstoriches,schooling-beyondthebasicsofreading,writing,andarithmetic-wasanunnecessarydetour.Eventoday,itisstillpossibleforpeopletoachievefinancialsuccesswithoutmucheducation,butthenumberofsituationsinwhichthisispossibleisdecreasing.Intoday'smorecomplexworld,theopportunitiesforfinancialsuccessiscloselyrelatedtotheneedforeducation,especiallyhighereducation.Oursocietyisrapidlybecomingonewhosechiefproductisinformation,anddealingwiththisinformationrequiresmoreandmorespecializededucation.Inotherwords,wegrowuplearningmoreandmoreaboutfewerandfewersubjects.Inthefuture,thistrendislikelytocontinue.Tomorrow'sworldwillbeevenmorecomplexthantoday'sworld,and,tomanagethiscomplexity,evenmorespecializededucationwillbeneeded.26.Thetopictreatedinthispassageis_____.A)educationingeneralB)Americans'attitudesC)highereducationD)Americaneducation27.Americans'attitudestowardeducationhavealwaysbeen_____.A)certainB)contradictoryC)ambitiousD)unclear28.Today,financialsuccessiscloselyrelatedtotheneedfor_____.A)highereducationB)publiceducationC)responsiblecitizensD)learningthebasics29.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat_____.A)informationisouronlyproductB)educationinthefuturewillbespecializedC)weareenteringanageofinformationD)wearelivinginanageofinformation30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A)TheHistoryofAmericanEducation.B)TheNeedforSpecializedEducation.C)TheFutureoftheAmericanEducationalSystem.D)AttitudestowardAmericanEducation.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Agrowingworldpopulationandthediscoveriesofsciencemayalterthispatternofdistributioninthefuture.Asmenslowlylearntomasterdiseases,controlfloods,preventfamines,andstopwars,fewerpeopledieeveryyear;andinconsequencethepopulationoftheworldissteadilyincreasing.In1925therewereabout2,000millionpeopleintheworld;bytheendofthecenturytheremaywellbeover4,000million.Whennumbersrisetheextramouthsmustbefed.Newlandsmustbebroughtundercultivation,orlandalreadyfarmedmadetoyieldlargercrops.Insomeareastheaccessiblelandissointensivelycultivatedthatitwillbedifficulttomakeitprovidemorefood.Insomeareasthepopulationissodensethatthelandisparceledoutinunitstootinytoallowformuchimprovementinfarmingmethods.Werealargepartofthisfarmingpopulationdrawnoffintoindustrialoccupations,thelandmightbefarmedmuchmoreproductivelybymodernmethods.Thereisnowaraceforscience,technology,andindustrytokeeptheoutputoffoodrisingfasterthanthenumberofpeopletobefed.Newstrainsofcropsarebeingdevelopedwhichwillthriveinunfavorableclimates:therearenowfarmsbeyondtheArcticCircleinSiberiaandNorthAmerica;irrigationanddry-farmingmethodsbringaridlandsundertheplough,damsholdbackthewatersofgreatriverstoensurewaterforthefieldsinallseasonsandtoprovideelectricpowerfornewindustries;industrialchemistryprovidesfertilizerstosuitparticularsoils;aeroplanesspraycropstodestroylocustsandmanyplantdiseases.Everyyearsomenewmeansisdevisedtoincreaseortoprotectthefoodoftheworld.31.Theauthorsaysthattheworldpopulationisgrowingbecause_____.A)therearemanyrichvalleysandfertileplainsB)thepatternofdistributionisbeingalteredC)peoplearelivinglongerD)newlandisbeingbroughtundercultivation32.Theauthorsaysthatindenselypopulatedareasthelandmightbemoreproductivelyfarmedif_____.A)theplotsweresubdividedB)alargepartofthepeoplemovedtoadifferentpartofthecountryC)industrialmethodswereusedinfarmingD)theunitsoflandweremademuchlarger33.WearetoldthattherearenowfarmsbeyondtheArcticCircle.Thishasbeenmadepossibleby_____.A)producingnewstrainsofcropsB)irrigationanddry-farmingmethodsC)providingfertilizersD)destroyingpestsanddisease34.Whichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtotheword"strains"?A)typesB)sizesC)seedsD)harvests35.Theauthor'smainpurposeisto_____.A)argueforabeliefB)describeaphenomenonC)entertainD)proposeaconclusionPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreatures-learntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto"rewards";andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectiverewards,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological(生理旳)"drives"asthirstorhunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortofphysicalcomfort,nototherwise.Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.Papousekbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto"reward"thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements,suchasturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadhadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren'sresponsesinsituationswherenomilkwasprovided.Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement"switchedon"adisplayoflights-andindeedthattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplexturnstobringaboutthisresult,forinstance,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasthreeturnstooneside.Papousek'slightdisplaywasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhemadetheinterestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould"smileandbubble"whenthedisplaycameon.Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightofthelightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccesstheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol.36.Accordingtotheauthor,babieslearntodothingswhich.A)aredirectlyrelatedtopleasureB)willmeettheirphysicalneedsC)willbringthemafeelingofsuccessD)willsatisfytheircuriosity37.Papouseknoticedinhisstudiesthatababy.A)wouldmakelearnedresponseswhenitsawthemilkB)wouldcarryoutlearnedmovementswhenithadenoughtodrinkC)wouldcontinuethesimplemovementswithoutbeinggivenmilkD)wouldturnitsheadtorightorleftwhenithadenoughtodrink38.InPapousek'sexperimentbabiesmakelearnedmovementsoftheheadinorderto.A)havethelightsturnedonB)berewardedwithmilkC)pleasetheirparentsD)bepraised39.Thebabieswould"smileandbubble"atthelightsbecause.A)thelightsweredirectlyrelatedtosomebasic"drives"B)thesightofthelightswasinterestingC)theyneednotturnbacktowatchthelightsD)theysucceededin"switchingon"thelights40.AccordingtoPapousek,thepleasurebabiesgetinachievingsomethingisareflectionof.A)abasichumandesiretounderstandandcontroltheworldB)thesatisfactionofcertainphysiologicalneedsC)theirstrongdesiretosolvecomplexproblemsD)afundamentalhumanurgetodisplaytheirlearnedskillsPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.41.It'stheinthiscountrytogooutandpickfloweronthefirstdayofspring.A)caseB)customC)habitD)precedent42.Hedidn'ttaketheflatbecausehecouldn'taffordthe.A)hireB)fareC)rentD)salary43.I'vemadeanforyoutoseethedentistat5o'clocktomorrow.A)appointmentB)interviewC)opportunityD)assignation44.Thehousewaspoorlybuilt;for,theroofleaked.A)shortB)certainC)onethingD)sure45.theweatherisconcerned,Idonotthinkitmatters.A)SolongasB)SofarasC)AslongasD)Sofar46.Thecontinuousrainsettheharvestingofwheatbytwoweeks.A)offB)backC)downD)about47.Thehelicopterhoveredthetrees.A)inB)overC)downD)up48.Themothermadeashirtfortheboyoutoftheofthecloth.A)oddandendB)oddandendsC)oddsandendD)oddsandends49.Let'sgetthisoldbarn.It'sofnousetous.A)overB)readyC)ridofD)usedto50.George'sabilitytolearnfromobservationsandexperiencegreatlytohissuccessinpubliclife.A)owedB)contributedC)attachedD)related51.Iaskedhimwheremysisterwas,andhethestoreacrossthestreet.A)noddedB)indicatedC)figuredD)guessed52.Theyarestayingwithusthetimebeinguntiltheyfindaplaceoftheirown.A)duringB)forC)sinceD)in53.100competitorshadtherace.A)puttheirnamesforB)enteredforC)putthemselvesforD)takenpart54.Hemebytwogamestoone.A)beatB)conqueredC)gainedD)won55.Theyhaveputthebirdinacagetoitfromflyingaway.A)avoidB)preventC)forbidD)control56.Inrecentyears,newbuildingshaveuplikemushroomsinthecity.A)jumpedB)sprungC)leaptD)put57.IfromamongthecrowdanoldfriendofminewhomIhadn'tseenfortenyears.A)figuredoutB)pickedoutC)realizedD)pickedover58.Ithoughthe'dneveranything,butit'sturnedoutthatIwaswrong.A)arriveB)amounttoC)reachforD)addto59.Hemanagedtopayoffhisdebts.A)anyhoworotherB)anyhoworanotherC)somehoworotherD)somehoworanother60.You'dbetternotMr.Ganz.Hemaygetangry.A)playajokeonB)playoutC)playintothehandsofD)playat61.Weexistedonnothingbutthenecessities.A)emptyB)bareC)hollowD)undressed62.Theseasonschange,independentanyone'swishes.A)onB)toC)withD)of63.Themailwasfortwodaysbecauseofthesnowstorm.A)misledB)lostC)delayedD)damaged64.Hehasbeenabsentclassforquitesometime.A)inB)forC)withD)from65.Ioweagreatdealmyparentsandteachers.A)toB)forC)towardD)of66.Wemustmanagetodoourworkbetterwithpeople.A)lessmoneyandfewB)lessmoneyandfewerC)littlemoneyandlessD)fewmoneyandless67.Mr.BlackistoourEnglishevening.A)morepleasedthantocomeB)morepleasedtocomethanC)morethanpleasedtocomeD)morepleasingthantocome68.Youthatcarwiththebrakesoutoforder.Youmighthavehadaseriousaccident.A)oughttodriveB)oughtn'tdodriveC)oughttohavedrivenD)oughtn'ttohavedriven69.Ifitfortheirsupport,wewouldbeinaverydifficultposition.A)isnotB)weren'tC)wasnotD)benot70.Ifonlyweasweweretold!Thiswouldneverhavehappened.A)woulddoB)haddoneC)doD)didPartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Everyone___71___ofthePresidentoftheUS___72___themostpowerfulmanin___73___.Butwhentherepresentativesofthe13formerBritishcolonies___74___todrawuptheconstitutionofthenewcountry___75___1788,___76___ofthemwerenotsurewhetherthey___77___tohaveaPresidentatall.Therewereeven___78___who___79___aking,___80___theirsuccessfulwaragainsttheBritishking,GeorgeIII.Thedecisionwasindoubt___81___thelastmoment.Onegroupwanted___82___forlife,while___83___suggestedthat___84___notbeaPresident,becauseaCommitteewouldgovernthecountrybetter;athirdgroup___85___aPresident___86___termofofficewouldlastsevenyearsbutwhocouldnotstandforreelection,becausetheywereafraidhewouldspendhistime___87___votesatthenextelection.IntheendtheychoseGeorgeWashingtonasPresidentforfouryearsandlethim___88___forreelectionbecausetheytrustedhim.Buttheywere___89___tomakerulesincaseafuturePresident___90___badlyandtheseruleswereusedtogetridofPresidentNixontwohundredsyearslater.71.A)uset