高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点03 阅读理解之猜词题（含解析）

查补易混易错03阅读理解之猜词题新高考卷全国卷2022202120222021卷I卷II卷I卷II乙卷甲卷乙卷甲卷细节理解题67888865推理判断题75555368词义猜测题12111111主旨大意题11111321题型特点词义猜测题是历年高考必考题型。常见的考查形式有：①猜测某个词、短语或句子的含义；②推断某个常见的多义词或短语在具体语境下的意思；③判断文中的某个代词指代的对象；④解释英语中特定的表达（谚语、俚语等）。正确选项特征相应词语的同义词语。2.对相应语句、语块的解释、复述或概括。干扰选项特征对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。半对半错。曲解原意。常见的设问方式有：Which

of

the

following

has

the

closest

meaning

to“…."?Which

of

the

following

can

replace

the

word“…."?What

does

the

underlined

word/phrase/expression“.…”refer

to/mean?Who

does“."refer

to

in

the

text?技巧1通过定义来猜测词义本技巧适用于所猜生词或短语后有句子(往往用定语从句或同位语从句)对其下定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号、括号中的内容对其加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落就可以推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词为:be,mean,beconsidered,tobe,becalled,define,represent,referto,signify等。【例】Theschoolsarereluctanttotaketimeoff----eventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland-Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reluctant"probablymean?A.Kind.B.Unwilling.C.Free.D.Careless.【解析】根据破折号后的eventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland-Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff可知,甚至手中有英格兰与阿根廷对决比赛的球票的教师们也很难有放假时间。由此可以推断出前面的“reluctant'”一词意为“不情愿的”。故选B项。技巧2通过同位关系来猜测词义构成同位关系的两部分之间通常用连接词连接，有时也使用逗号、破折号、冒号、分号、括号或同位语。常用的信息词或表达有：or,similarly,also,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,say等。【天津2020年5月·C】There''salsotheaddedbonusthatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.47.Theexpression"addedbonus"referstothefactthatelectricplanes____________.A.givepassengersmorepleasantviewsB.bringairlinesmorefinancialbenefitsC.offermoreenjoyableflyingexperiencesD.costlessinmaintenancethantraditionalone【解析】根据画线词后that引导的同位语从句electricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin和后文中的Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.可知，电动飞机的航程更舒,因为没有发动机的噪音,没有燃油的味道,只有环保的宁静。由此可推知,addedbonus应指电动飞机带来的“额外的好处”，即给乘客带来更舒适的飞行体验。故选C项。技巧3通过转折或对比关系来猜测词义如果一个句子或段落中有对两个事物或现象进行对比的描述，可以根据画线词的反义词猜测其词义。表示转折关系的词主要有but,however,otherwise,though等；表示对比关系的标志性词语有while,incontrast,unlike,ontheotherhand等。【全国Ⅱ2020·C】Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"collapsed"inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.RemainedstableD.Crashed.【解析】根据画线词前的Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades可知，几十年来海狸鼠的数量都因毛皮交易而得到良好控制；再结合画线词后的…multipliedlikecrazy可知，后来海狸鼠又泛滥成灾，并可推断出造成这一现象的原因是毛皮交易市场生意惨淡，人们对海狸鼠毛皮的需求下降。由此可猜测,，collapse的意思是“垮掉”，与crash意义相近。A项意为“繁荣”;B项意为“发展成熟”;C项意为“维持稳定”。因此，A、B、C项均不符合语境。故选D项。技巧4通过因果关系来猜测词义该方法是根据前后的因果关系来推断画线词或短语的意思。可由表示原因的句意推测出表示结果的句子中的某个词或短语的意思，即由因推果；也可由表示结果的句意推测出表示原因的句子中的某个词或短语的意思，即由果推因。表示因果关系的词有because,since,sothat,so/such...that…,therefore等。【例】Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthetextprobablymean?Acap.B.Acar.C.Ahome.D.Acovering.【解析】猜测画线部分意思的关键在于对“so”一词的理解。根据前文中的信息可知，那些无家可归的人们可能没了工作，从而无法支付房租；利用因果关系可知，无法支付房租就会没有房子住，因此画线部分应是“房子；家”的意思。故选C项。技巧5通过文章中的举例来猜测词义有时，作者为了使读者更好地理解文中的生词或短语，往往在这些词或短语后附加一些具体的例子，从而使读者更透彻地理解文章。所以，考生可依据词或短语后的例子猜测其含义。【例】Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.【解析】根据suchas后面列举的一系列例子可以推断出，句中的poultry意为“家禽”技巧6通过上下文语境来猜测词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行符合逻辑的综合分析，并依此来推测词义，这是一种重要的阅读方法。【全国Ⅲ2020·B】Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.【解析】根据画线词前which引导的定语从句可知，这一非营利性组织的职能是监督动物在电影拍摄等娱乐节目制作的过程中是如何被对待的。山此可推知，此处指今年这一组织正在密切关注2,000多个节目的制作过程。故可推断，画线部分意为“密切注意”。故选D项技巧7通过代词所指代的内容猜测词义代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中(特别是前句)，或者前几个句子中。找到指代的内容后，把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判断它是否为正确答案。【浙江2020年7月·B】Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.Thatisbydesign.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.【解析】That指代的应是前文中提到的事物，故根据第一段最后一句Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.可知，That指的是交通信号灯的时间可以灵活变动这件事，故选C项。技巧8通过构词法猜测词义在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以根据构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。(1)、根据前缀或后缀猜测词义。如:前缀co-表示“共同;一起”；后缀-ise/-ize表示“使成为……；使…化”等。Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?【解析】根据词根educational(教育的)，再结合前缀co-(共同；一起)，可以猜出co-educational的意思是“男女同校的”。(2)、根据复合词的各部分猜测词义。Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass-producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,mostcraft(手艺)nolongerexists.【解析】根据合成词中的mass(大量的)和produce(生产)可推测，mass-produced的意思是“大批生产的；规模生产的”。(3)、根据单相关词性的含义猜测变换词性后新词的含义。Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong.Heranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.【解析】cloud作名词时，意为“云”，在句中作动词。分析语境可知，焦虑会影响一个人的判断，因此cloud在此表示“把……搞糊涂；模糊…”技巧9通过生活经验和生活常识猜测词义英语阅读理解选择的素材具有时代性、新颖性和生活性的特点，尤其强调选择一些与学生生活息息相关的素材。因此生活经历或与日常生活有关的常识往往可以帮助考生更准确地猜测句中生词的含义。【全国Ⅱ2018B】Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa"soft-serve"creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26.Whatis"ajuicer"inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.AdrinkC.AcontainerD.Amachine.【解析】根据画线词后的feedin,Outcomes.及theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachine以及常识可知，juicer是一种机器，意为“榨汁机”，故选D项。dessert意为“甜品”drink意为“饮料”;container意为容器”;machine意为“机器”（一）（2022年·北京高考真题）Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.1．RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A．sympathetic B．unconcerned C．doubtful D．excited2．WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A．Hisdominanceinphysics. B．Thecompetitioninthefield.C．HisconfidenceinPyQuantum. D．Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.4．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B．IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C．WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D．WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【参考答案】1．A

2．C

3．A

4．D【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。【详情解析】1．【A】推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.（随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A.sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B.unconcerned不关心的；C.doubtful怀疑的；D.excited激动的。故选A。2．【C】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”（他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。3．【A】词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”（但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A.Open.开放的；易受损害的；B.Cool.酷的；C.Useful.有用的；D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故选A。4．【D】主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.”（现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。（二）（2022年全国新高考I卷真题）Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.”“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.”“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”5．Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A．Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B．Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C．Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D．Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.6．HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A．Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B．Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C．Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D．Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.7．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate.8．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Itiswellreceived. B．Itneedstobemorecreative.C．Itishighlyprofitable. D．Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【参考答案】5．D

6．B

7．C

8．A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。【详情解析】5．【D】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing(该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况。)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了减少孤独和提高老年人的幸福感。故选D项。6．【B】推理判断题。根据第五段““It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”(有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好。)”可知，RuthXavier很享受做这些事，她觉得自己在做有用的事，这能够给她来良好的感觉，因此可知通过该项目她获得了一种成就感。故选B项。7．【C】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”(彭福街60号的额外护理经理WendyWilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embarkon意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选C项。8．【A】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。)”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”(“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说：“我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来。”)”可知，该项目得到了居民们的认可，大家很欢迎这个项目，而且这个项目将会带来一些好处，因此可知这个项目的反响很好，很受欢迎。故选A项。（三）（2023年浙江1月份高考真题）Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.9．WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B．ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C．TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D．Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.11．WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordingtoHammond?A．Createrules. B．Comprehendmeaning.C．Talkfluently. D．Identifydifficultwords.12．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.B．Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.C．Ancientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.D．Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.【参考答案】9．B

10．C

11．B

12．A【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为ProjectDebater的软件程序。【详情解析】9．【B】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为ProjectDebater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军NoaOvadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到NoaOvadia的目的是展示ProjectDebater的聪明。故选B。10．【C】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.(尽管ProjectDebater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“willnodoubtbeironedout(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。11．【B】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammond的说法，ProjectDebater不能理解意义，故选B。12．【A】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。（四）（2023届广西南宁市高中毕业班第一次适应性测试）OnFebruary13,2023,WuYibingmadehistory,beatingJohnIsnerinathrillingthree-setfinalattheDallasOpentobecomethefirstmanfromChinatowinanATPtitle（ATP巡回赛冠军）.Broughttoatenniscourtforthefirsttimeatjustfive,initiallyencouragedbyhisparentsasanexercisetoloseweight,Wusoonhadhistalentdiscoveredbyhisprovincialjuniorteam,kickingoffajourneythatwouldchangethefateofmen'stennisinChina.In2017,WuYibingshottoprominenceafterwinningtheUSOpenboys’tournamentat18tobecomethefirstChinesetowinamajorjuniortitle,raisinghighhopesforthe“WonderBoy”tochangethefortuneofChinesemeninasportlongdominatedbywomen'ssuccessontheprofessionalstage.In2018,WuwonhisfirstATPChallengertitleinShanghai.However,thehighlycompetitivenatureofmen’sprofessionaltennishittherisingWuwithatoughreminderaftermultipleinjuries-tohiselbow,lowerback,shoulderandwrist-forcedhimtobeawayfromtheATPTourforclosetothreeyears.HemadehisreturnlastyearandwonthreeATPChallengertitlesbeforequalifyingfortheUSOpen.“Lookingback,IfeellikeIwouldn'thavebeenhereifnotfortheupsanddownsoverthepastfewyears.Itakeallthesetbacksandstrugglesasalessonthathelpsmematurementallynow,”saidWu.

“OfcoursetherewerealotofdoubtsbecauseIhadsurgeryandtherecoverywasn’tgoingwell.Thechampionshiptodaywasapayoffforallthehardworkandeveryonewho’ssupportedmealongtheway.”13．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“shottoprominence”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Lostweight.B．Camebacktothetop.C．Becamefamousinstantly.D．Droppedoutofthecompetition.14．WhywasWuabsentfromtheATPTourfornearlythreeyears?A．Hewantedtochangehiscareer.B．Hesufferedfromseriousphysicalinjuries.C．Hedidn’tstandoutintrainingforthematch.D．Hecouldn'thandlethepressureoftheATPTour.15．WhatcanwelearnfromWuYibing'sstatement?A．Nosweat,nosweet.B．Timewaitsfornoman.C．Wellbegunishalfdone.D．Strikewhiletheironishot.16．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．ThesignificanceofATPtitle.B．ThedevelopmentofChinesetennis.C．Thepowerofdifficultyforathletes.D．ThefirstChinesemalechampionofATP.【参考答案】13．C

14．B

15．A

16．D【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了吴易昺夺得了ATP巡回赛冠军，创中国网球新历史。【详情解析】13．【C】词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“In2017,WuYibingshottoprominenceafterwinningtheUSOpenboys’tournamentat18tobecomethefirstChinesetowinamajorjuniortitle,raisinghighhopesforthe“WonderBoy”tochangethefortuneofChinesemeninasportlongdominatedbywomen'ssuccessontheprofessionalstage.”（可知，2017年，18岁的吴易昺赢得了美国男子公开赛冠军，成为了首位赢得重要青少年锦标赛冠军的中国人，这使得人们对这位“神奇男孩”寄予厚望，希望他能在这项长期由女性主导的职业运动中改变中国男网的命运。）由此可知，划线词表示“一举成名”。故选C。14．【B】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“However,thehighlycompetitivenatureofmen'sprofessionaltennishittherisingWuwithatoughreminderaftermultipleinjuries-tohiselbow,lowerback,shoulderandwrist-forcedhimtobeawayfromtheATPTourforclosetothreeyears.”（然而，男子职业网球残酷的竞争特性打击了正处于上升期的吴易昺，他的肘部、下背部、肩膀和手腕多处受伤，这迫使他离开ATP巡回赛近三年。）可知，因为参加职业网球残酷的竞争，使得吴易昺的肘部、下背部、肩膀和手腕多处受伤，这迫使他离开ATP巡回赛近三年。故选B。15．【A】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Lookingback,IfeellikeIwouldn'thavebeenhereifnotfortheupsanddownsoverthepastfewyears.Itakeallthesetbacksandstrugglesasalessonthathelpsmematurementallynow,”saidWu.

“OfcoursetherewerealotofdoubtsbecauseIhadsurgeryandtherecoverywasn'tgoingwell.Thechampionshiptodaywasapayoffforallthehardworkandeveryonewho'ssupportedmealongtheway.”（吴易昺表示，如果不是过去几年的起起伏伏，他就不会站在这里。他把所有的挫折和挣扎都视为一种帮助他在精神上成熟起来的财富。当然还有很多质疑的声音，因为他做了手术，且康复治疗进行得不太顺利。但今天的冠军是对他所有努力和每一位支持者的回报。）由此可知，此处他的表达给我们的启发是：没有过去辛勤的付出，就不会有今天的收获。A项“不劳无获”；B项意为“好的开端是成功的一半”；C项意为“趁热打铁”；D项意为“时不待人”。故选A。16．【D】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了年少成名的网球运动员吴易昺由于严重受伤退出了ATP比赛，在经历三年的治疗康复后，最终复出，创造了中国网球的新历史：成为中国首个获得ATP赛达拉斯冠军的男网运动员。故选D。（五）（2023届四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟高三第二次联考英语试题）Aroutinedentist’stoolmayhelpwithmorethanjustoralhealth.Anewstudyhasfoundthatdentalimagingscannerscanserveasportabledevicestotrackthegrowthofbabycorals(珊瑚虫)—acrucialpredictorofhowreefswillfare(生长)duringclimatechange.Heatstresscankillmaturecoralreefsandcurtailtheirregrowth.“Growth,reproductionandsurvivalarethemainthingsthatwe’realwayslookingatintermsofhowhealthyreefsare,”saysmarinebiologistKateQuigleyoftheAustralianInstituteofMarineScience.Bymodelingbabycoralsin3-D,researcherscantrackhowwelltheybranch,developcomplexshapesandreachreproducingsize.Ifharshwaterconditionsmakecoralsgrowtooslowly,areefwon’trecover.Coralsthissmallaredifficulttomodelin3-D;researcherscanCTscanthem,diptheminwaxorlaboriouslyputthemeasurementstogetherfromacommercial3-Dscanner-butthesemethodscanbeslowandprovidelower-resolutionviews.Sooneday,asQuigley’sdentistusedascanningdevicethatfocusedlighttocreateadetailed3-Dtoothmodel,Quigleygotanidea.Ifthisdevicecouldexaminetheteethindetail,shethought,itshouldbeabletoscantinylivingcorals,too—bothteethandcoralarecalcium-basedandwet.ForastudypublishedinMethodsinEcologyandEvolution,Quigleytestedthescanningdeviceandfoundthatitofferedacheap,easyandportablewaytomodelbabycoralssignificantlyfasterandathigherresolutionthancurrentlyavailabletechniques.Thistoolcouldletscientistsmoreeasilyexaminehowcoralspeciesendurestress.“Babycoralsarecriticalforreefrestorationandrecoveryfromdisturbanceslikehurricanesandheatwaves.Unfortunately,theyarethestagesweknowleastaboutbecausetheyaresodifficulttomeasureaccuratelywithoutgreatexpense,”saysHawaiiInstituteofMarineBiologyresearcherJoshuaMadin,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Thispaperisagreatexampleoftakingamaturetechnologydevelopedinanotherfieldandapplyingittocoralreefscience.”17．Whyisitimportanttostudythebabycorals?A．Ithelpstoreduceheatstress. B．Ithelpstoprotectthecoralreefs.C．Ithelpstopreventclimatechange. D．Ithelpstoimprovethemarineenvironment.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curtail”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Guide. B．Aid. C．Limit. D．Follow.19．Whatmakesitpossibletousedentalscanningdevicetoscanthecorals?A．Thelowpriceofthescanningdevices.B．Thesimilaritybetweencoralsandteeth.C．Theexcellentskillsofthedentistsandscientists.D．Theassistanceofoth