现在完成时练习答案及讲评

Presentperfecttense现在完成时态一、现在完成时谓语动词的构成：

助动词have/hasnotV-ed（过去分词）I______________finishthecompositionalreadyHe___________learnEnglishforthreeyearsWe/You/They…She…havefinishedhaslearned过去式、过去分词的构成规则形式:直接ed：reove-moved辅音字母加y结尾，去y为ied：study-studied反例：play-played重读闭音节，双写末字母ed：stop-stopped不规则形式：137

▲现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。Shehasgone她走了。

从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出“走”的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。HespeasFrenchsofluentlyHelearneditinParisHewastherefortwoyears

HehasstudiedFrench他学过法语。

这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。Loo!Theblacboardissocleannow

Hehascleanedtheblacboard他已经擦过黑板了。

这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。现在完成时用法（一）过去的结束性动作产生的影响或结果现在还存在。,get,finish,borrow,oe,die,fall,…时间状语常用already,just,yet,ever,before,once一次,recently等不具体的过去时间或不带有时间状语I________domyhomeworalreadyHe_____________notfinishedhishomeworyet_______youever______betoHaiwaiiWe______never______seesuchanecitingmatchbeforeMother_____just_______cleanthehouseeinThey_________________practicethisdialoguetwicehavedonehasnotfinishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhavepracticedI_____________nothearfromheryet_____they_______behererecentlyYes,theyhaveI___________bebusyrecently---_____yourfatherever______traveltoNewYor---No,neverHe__________________nottravelbyplaneyethaven’theardHavebeenhavebeenHastravelledhasn’ttravelled注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already或just去掉，在句末加上yetIhaven’tseenthefilmnamedingLionyet●IhavedonemyhomeworalreadyIhaven’tdonemyhomeworyet●MotherhasjustcleanedthehouseMotherhasn’tcleanedthehouseyet●IhavealreadyseenthefilmnamedingLionFor…Since…Howlonghave/hassb……

lived

learned

owned

Thedoorhasbeenoyteachershavebeenbusy/freethesedays现在完成时用法二:过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在1常用延续性动词,如be,sleep,live,learn,stay,have,eep,wor,wal,…2时间状语须表达过去到现在的一段时间fortwoyearssofarsince短语,duringthepast2yearssince从句inthepast2years标志词：for一段时间,since过去的时间点,theseyears,sofar,inthepast/last…yearsWe__________learnEnglishforthreeyears/sincetwoyearsago/since2018MrGreen_________beinChinatheseyearsThey____________write15songssofarTheoreslowlyinthepasttenyearshavelearnedhasbeenhavewrittenhasgrownJiangs___________livehereforalmosttenyears_____________worinthefactorysince1994etothecitychild___________sleepsincetwohoursagohavelivedhasworedhastaughthasslept延续性语境中的非延续性动词的使用

在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连用的情况。由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：

Hehasfallenasleepforanhour他睡了一小时了。（×）

Hisfatherhasdiedforthreeyears他父亲去世三年了。（×）

当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法：

（1）将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。如：

Hehasbeenasleepforanhour（fallasleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但beasleep“睡着”则为状态动词，可延续。）

Hisfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears（die为短暂动词，“死”后的状态可用“bedead”这种系表结构来描述，可延续。）

短暂性动词转换为延续性动词-----------have我买电脑两年了-------eee-----beawayfromhome我已离家一年ill-----beillHelen病了一周了thegroueto…/arrivein…/getto…-------bein…他已到南京三天了12open/close----beopen/beclosed门开/关了十分钟了常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类：

gothere—bethere,comebac—bebac,borrow—eee—be,join—bein/amemberof,receive—have,catch/getacold—haveacold,getmarried—bemarried，come→bein，finish→beover，leaver→beaway1turnontheradio---eeinutesagoI___________thedoor______for20minutesThedoor_______________for20minuteshaseptonhasbeenonhaveeptopenhasbeenopenhave/hasbeento/in和have/hasgoneto的区别

havebeentoaplace意思是“到过、去过”，表示曾到过某处，但现在人不在那儿；havegonetoaplace表示“去了”，已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已经到那儿了。

她以前曾去过上海。ShehasbeentoShanghaibefore他在上海10年了。ShehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears他去上海了。HehasgonetoShanghai用于现在完成时的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime…that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecityItwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate2）Thisisthe…that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时ThisisthebestfilmthatI'veeverseen这是我看过的最好的电影。ThisisthefirsttimethatI'veheardhimsing这是我第一次听他唱歌。Worinpairs:Doctor:What’swrongwithyou,youngmanMan:MaybeI__________catchacoldD:Howlong_____you_____beliethisM:_____yesterdaymorningD:_____you_____taethetem:No,___yetD:Oh,youhavehadalittlefever_____you______taeanymedicineyetM:I_____taesomeasorningD:Howmany:AboutfourorrowhavecaughthavebeenSinceHavetaennotHavetaentoohavetaen现在完成时用法三:现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如when，in1949，yesterday，lastwee等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。遇到yesterday,Lastyear,inMay,in过去某一年，twodaysago,theotherday,justnow等就用一般过去时当有just,already,yet,sofar,inthepast/lastfewdays在过去/最近的几年里，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子,for时间状语等常用现在完成时答案（一）规则变化1、woredwored;visitedvisited2、livedlived;closedclosed3、studiedstudied;criedcried4、stoecamecomebecomebecamebecomeABB型bringbroughtbrought;buyboughtboughtbuildbuiltbuilt;burnburnt/burnedburnt/burnedcatchcaughtcaught;teachtaughttaughtfightfoughtfoughtthinthoughtthoughtdigdugdugdreamdreamt/dreameddreamt/dreamedfindfoundfoundfeedfedfedfeelfeltfeltgetgotgot/gottenhave/hashadhadhearheardheardhanghunghungholdheldheldsleeaemademademeetmetmetmeanmeantmeantwinwonwonellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelledstandstoodstoodunderstandunderstoodunderstoodspendspentspentsticstucstucABC型am,iswasbeen;arewerebeen beginbeganbegunblowblewblownbreabroeborenbearborebornchoosechosechosendo/doesdiddonedrindrandrundrivedrovedrivendrawdrewdrawneatateeatenflyflewflownfallfellfallenforgetforgotforgottengetgotgot/gottenfreeefroefroengowentgonegrowgrewgrowngivegavegivenhidehidhiddennownewnownlielaylainrunranrum不是ABC型去掉）rideroderiddenriseroserisenringrangrungseesawseenshaeshooshaenshowshowedshownsingsangsungsswamswumstealstolestolentaetootaenmistae