2021届宝山区高考英语二模

2021年上海宝山区高中二模英语II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank・Whoisresponsibleforchildhoodobesity(肥胖)？It'slunchtimeandsixth-graderOscarVillanovavisitsthevending(售卖)machine・Hepaysforanorangejuiceandsomecheesesticks,(21) hereallywantedsodaandchips.Hisschool.MildredAvenue,onlysellsschoollunchandhealthysnacks・Seventh-graderLeticiaBrown(22) (tell)byherdoctorthatsheneedstoloseweight.Herdoctorsaysexercisewillhelphercontrolherweightbutatschoolsheonlygetsphysicaleducationonceaweek.Manychildrensufferfromhealthconditions(23) arecausedormadeworsebytheirlifestyles・Childhoodobesityhasmorethandoubledinchildrenandfourtimesinadolescentsinthepast30years.Moreover,ratesofchildhooddiabetes(糖尿病)(24) (rise).Theseconditionscanputchildren(25) riskforheartdiseaseandothermajorkillerslaterinlife.Thesehealthissuesarecomplexproblemswithmanydifferentcauses・Eatingmealsout,watchinglotsofTV,andnotbeingactiveafterschoolcancausetoomuchweightgain.Buttherearemanythingschildrencando(26) (improve)theirhealth.Doctorssaytheprimaryfocusforchildren(27) beeatinghealthyfoodandgettingexerciseeveryday.Schoolsaregetting(28) (involve)insolvingtheproblem・Some,likeMildredAvenue,restrictthesnacksstudentscanbuy(29) areofferingmoregymclassestoemphasizetheimportanceofexercise・Someschoolsevensendhomehealthnoticeswarningparentsthattheirchildmaybeoverweight.TheseschoolsbelieveparentsshouldbeactingmoreresponsiblybyrestrictingchildrciVsdiets・Manyparentsgetangry,(30) (argue)thatschoolsshouldlimittheirfocustoteaching・Theybelievethattheyhaveprimaryresponsibilityfortheirchildren'shealth.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce・Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.uncomfortableB.criticallyC.balanceD.nonsenseE.temptationF.respondingG.effectivelyH.practiceI.demandsJ.reasoningK.deliveringEmbracetheruleofawkwardsilenceTheruleofawkwardsilenceissimple:Whenfacedwithachallengingquestion,insteadofanswering,pauseandthinkdeeplyabouthowyouwanttoanswer.Thisisnoshortpause;rather,itinvolvestakingseveralseconds(10,20orlonger)tothinkthingsthroughbefore_31_.AtApple,TimCookhasengagedinthc_32_foryears・Backin2008.aFortunearticlesaidthatinmeetings.Cookwas”knownforlong,_33_pauses,whenallyouhearisthesoundofhistearingthewrapperoftheenergybarsheconstantlyeats.MCookisn'taloneinembracingtheruleofawkwardsilence・SteveJobsoncetookalmost20secondstorespondtoapersonalattack,.34aperfectresponse・Theruleofawkwardsilencehasalwaysbeenvaluableasatoolofemotionalintelligencebecauseitallowsyouto_35_thoughtandemotioninsteadofsimplyreactingbasedonfeeling・Whythenileofawkwardsilenceismorevaluablethanever.Weliveinaworldthat_36_instantsatisfaction.Emailsshouldbeansweredonthesameday.Textmessagesshouldbeansweredrightnow.Butthere'samajorproblemwithallofthisimmediatecommunication:Itdoesn'tleavetimetothink・Asin.think_37_・Criticalthinkingcallsfordeepandcarefulconsiderationofasubject.Itinvolvesweighingandanalyzingfacts,andcareful_38.Anditresultsinmakinginsightfulconnections・Noneofthisispossiblewithouttime・Andtimehasbecomethebiggestluxuryontheplanet.Butwhenyouembracetheruleofawkwardsilence,youstealbacktime.Timethatusedtobewastedon_39_answers.So,thenexttimesomeoneasksyouachallengingquestion,orevenwhatseemsontheurejSojd心9AO39JXjoixubjnoXuoqiSuajjspueOAOjdunijim比屮ssnbiuqjajsaipojjogg—•pojsoj-qojBasojojeXaqioouejoiojssajjsippuu4A)inqixouoaijiuSoo爭U!UUB]dSuidooopniouisoidujsqjpojcpjpuu193uiposn—竹—SuidooOAijoajjajsouiaqi・ojqissodsbApjdiduioopueXjpidEjsbXjoixue31UO3J9AOtioXdpq[[!M—£§—ojnsodxolupsdssiqi・tqo乙uisjjnsojJioqipoqsnqndoqA\sjoipjEOsojpuBsjsidBJoqijolupojeXq——sea\houiujesjOAijoiJjsajpajiEOQjnsodxQjojojnpooojdsaipojjojsouipuujsajujoqjXjddEuuonoX4Xj9ixuuiuojjjojjnsnoXjiK)9ixueuisuoijonpojSuijsbi-joouoiJoojej—jg—punJsjsEj屮OAiUEOojnsodxainq'djaqssqoEOjddu屮oq代屮moqsEjupjuoaajisoiusqiUA\opssip心[匕mwujeojjnoXnumPs[ejoqojJsjsEsipjosuoijoipsjdoiqiuojjnoXSuiaojcIJopiujjusjenoXiuqA\Suiouonodxs_OS—sisjnsodxgpiujjess训心代叩阴ojbnoK陀屮osjpojqie—6片01XjinqejnoKuioouopyuoooiiipnnqpup•XjojpjnooEojouisjpojqjSuijuniEAa^uiqjnoXA\oqSuiSuuqosiSuidoj-ojnsodxopuESuidoo:'g^AEqXpixuEouiipojjjojsaqoEOjddu193oa\j*Sui^EodsXipBOjg・SJPOXOqjJOAO—~JB9JJojpoiJlQAEqoaxsXemjsqjoaqijjepuu4sisXiuuEoqoKsd6s§njpum卩J9jpqs”jomhjuouijuajjKpixuu—胪soiu3屮sidao)XdujoqijpjoiAEqoq(胡盼。)aAiiiuSoojuqjSMoqsXijuojsisuooqojBOsoy•jopjosipXpiXUEUEOJUISIUJOJSUEJ1)1旬[jno.Cgt7puc。屮0叩S9LUO39qXjOIXUPUOl[M・ojnjnjoqiuiwa屮-frtrue/uojojsqjo4sno.ioSuEpKjoaXn«npEi.uoje比屮suopumisSupnp4joaosimu屮ejojjb:juojqjjeoje」0一£片一3屮出sjsisjadi叫ijeojpoSuojojdsiKjaixuy•SuiUO^EOAXpUP'^t"Xjqip9J3UISIXpiXUE(丰]•叡)oiuojqojolujojq屮uijeojqonuioojmg•怦j屮euiojjAipmb焦mbuiijjo[匕\tunsjojiq§yo)snIt~4soupqUEiunqjojoujeajEAL\jnsjeojSs叫jjuoyoiussiquniBApuujejiijeubsijesj•JX3HIO33屮sjij)saqjuqissujqdjopjoa\aqiipiA\屮佗[qqovauiuyqput?□g*Vp^JBiusosBjqdjospjOA\jnoj9juaiQ屮FEgssedSui.^ouoj2屮出”uv[qipuojoj:suoijjojiqVuoyoossuoisuaqojdiuooSuipua^m•平QdsnoXojojoq^uiq)puedgfspjem^axejoojnjoqjsoEjquio'puaisuipuiui0)soiuoo)Bqjouiqjjsjijoqj屮!mpuodsoj0)—ot~Jsisojvuooidiuisuoqojooujjns

41.A・persuadingB.rememberingC.expectingD.preparing42.A.jealousB.painfulC.innoccnlD.conscious43.A.abstractB.existenceC.absenceD.continuation44.A.potentialB.essentialC.availableD.sustainable45.A.instmetsB.challengesC.stimulatesD.dominates46.A.effectiveB.objectiveC.invisibleD.significant47.A.pressureB.ignoranceC.anxietyD.depression48.A.describedB.emergedC.protectedD.supervised49.A.overlookB.simplifyC.remarkD.handle50.A.puiposefullyB.vigorouslyC.sincerelyD.passionately51・A.breaksthroughB.turnsdownC.resultsinD.worksout52.A.composedB.developedC.predictedD.symbolized53.A.commitmentB.evidenceC.assessmentD.process54.A.strategiesB.behaviorsC.responsesD.examples55.A.naturallyB.probablyC.highlyD.initiallySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements・ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B.CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread・(A)Peoplearemotivatedtodoactivitiesbymanydifferentfactors.Formethemainfactorsthatareinvolvedarecompetition,thedesireforachievinggreatness,thesatisfactionofcompletingprojects,andenjoyment.SinceIamatwin.asenseofcompetitionisdeeprootedinmybrain.Healthycompetitioncanpushustodofantasticthings・Itmakesusstriveforacertaingoalandgetsustodothingsfaster.However,Idonotthinkcompetitionshouldbecomeharmful.Whenanger,fmstration,anddepressionisaresultofcompetition,itisnothealthy.Yet,competitioncanbringaboutrespect,friendship,andmutualgain.Inthecasewithmytwinbrother,wehavepushedourselvestobegoodatsports,music,school,andevenatwork・Thiscompetitivespirithasleakedintomylifewithoutmytwinaround.Inasense,Ireproducemytwinbrotherinotherpeople・IalwaystrytobenumberoneatwhateverIdo-oratleastinthetopthree.Therearetimesthisattitudebecomesunhealthy,asIgetfnistratedifIgiveeverythingtoacompetitionoractivityandproduceonlyaverageresults.Butastheyearspassed・Ihavegottenbetterathandlingfailureanddefeat.Allinall,IthinkIfinishanddowellinmanyareasofmylifeforthesimplefactthatIwanttodowellinthem.Thefeelingofdoingwellagainstcompetentopponentsissatisfying.Ienjoythefeelingofcompletinganimportantproject.Forinstance,lastyear,Ifinishedapoetrycollectionwithmylatefather'spoemsandmyownpoems.Itwasanhonortohimandhiswork.Inaway,Ifeltthathisdeathwasnotinvainandthathisworkwasprovedevenmorethroughthiscollection.Ilishardtodescribethemomentofknowingwhensuchanimportantprojectissettorest:itisalmostlikeyouarereadytodie.Yousensethatachapterofyourlifehasclosedandyouarenowanewperson.Thesedeepemotionsmotivatemetocompleteprojectsonaregularbasis・Thesimplestfactorthatmotivatesmetodosomethingisenjoyment.Therearepeoplewhodoactivitiestheydonotenjoyfordecades・Iamnotoneofthosepeople・IcanworkontasksIdonotlikeforawhile,butintheend,mymainfocusshouldbeonsomethingthatIenjoy.IfIfindjoyindoingacertainwork・Iengageinitforalargepartoftheday,orevenalldaywithouttiring.Tirednessinmostcases・inmylife,isduetoalackofenjoymentintheworkbeingdone・Eachpersonhashisorherownmotivatingfactors.Ihopethisreflectionhasallowedyoutodipdeeperintoyourtmenature・Theauthormentionshistwinbrother(Paragraph1)toshow thepeerofcompetition B.therootcauseofcompetitionC.thecompetentopponent D.thecompetitivepartnerBythepoetrycollection,theauthorintendsto ・honorhisfatherandhimselfforyearstocomedescribethesenseofachapterofhisnewlifeallowhisfathertorestandgethimselftoreadytodieappreciatethesatisfactionofcompletingprojectsWhatattitudedoestheauthortaketowardstasks?Hefeelsangry,frustratedanddepressedinhistasks・Heenjoysthetasksthatotherpeoplearereluctanttodo.Heworkswithouttirednessifhetakespleasureintasks・Heusuallylacksenjoymentinthetasksbeingdone・Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?Motivation B.Competition C.Reflection D.Satisfaction(B)TheClassicroadtripismorepopularthanever.Hereareseveralplacestohittheopenroad.Colo-roadTripsTheColoradoTourismOfficehasmadeiteasyforroad-tripperstoexplorethestale's24ScenicHistoricByways・Anewmicrositeincludesaninteractivemapthatenablestravelerstoexploreoptionsbyregion,interestorseason.Travelersseekinginspirationcanalsoaccessinsidertipsandside-tripsuggestionswithinmorethan150Colo-roadTripitineraries.Theflexibleitinerariesoffersuggestionsforhistoricattractions,activeadventuresandhighlightculturalopportunities.TlieBear-toothHighwayVisitorswhotravelthisextraordinarypathexperiencethevisuallandscapeofMontana.WyomingandYellowstonePark,hometotheAbsarokaandBear-toothmountains・Thewindy,cliff-hugging68-milestretchintroducesroadexplorerstooneofthemostdiverse(多样的)ecosystemsaccessiblebyauto.Amazinglybeautiful,thisAll-AmericanRoaddisplaywidehighlands.paintedwithpatchesoficebluelakes,forestedvalleys,waterfallsandwildlife・SewardHighway,AlaskaTheroadthatconnectsAnchoragetoSewardisa127-miletreasure,includingnaturalbeauty,wildlifeandstoriesofadventureandendurance・Takeadayorseveraltoexploretheregionthathasearnedthree-foldrecognitionasaForestServiceScenicByway,anAlaskanScenicBywayandanAll-AmericanRoad.ThedrivebeginsatthebaseoftheChugachMountains,hugsthescenicshoresofTurn-againAnnandwindsthroughminingtowns,nationalforestsandfishingvillagesasyouimaginehowexplorers,furtradersandgoldprospectorsmighthavefaredbackintheday.Expectwaterfalls,glaciers（；水丿I丨）,eagles,moose（驼鹿）andsomegoodbearstories・TlieLighthouseTrail,MaineTravelsthe375milesbetweenKitteryandCalais.Maine,visitinglighthousesalongtheway,andlearnaboutthedangersthatseagoingboatsandtheircrewenduredalongtherockyNortheasterncoast.Heartalesofshipwrecks（海滩）andofthedifficultandlonelylifeledbythosewhokeptthelightsburningbrightly.Ifpossible,visittheMaineLighthouseMuseuni,whereartifactsandhands-onexhibitsforchildrenprovideanattractivebreak.Whatisspecialabouteachplacementionedabove?TouristsofColo-roadTripsareprovidedwithadaptableplanoftrip・VisitorstotheBear-toothHighwaycanenjoytheautodisplay.DriversalongSewardHighwaycanappreciatethetreasureunderground・TheLighthouseTrailofferstravelersseagoingboatstorowinthesea・Whichplacefavorskidsaccordingthepassage?Colo-roadTrips. B.TheBear-toothHighway・C.SewardHighway,Alaska・ D.TheLighthouseTrailMaine.Thebesttitleforthepassageis ・A.StoriesofadventurealongroadtripsB.AmericanpopularroadtripsC.Recognitionforclassicplaces D.All-Americanhighwayjourney（C）AccordingtoOxfordDictionaries,moralitymeans:"Principlesconcerningthedistinctionbetweenrightandwrongorgoodandbadbehavior/'Thoughmoralityisarathersubjectivesubject,therearesomeprinciplesthatareuniversalacrossallculturesfoundbyanOxfordUniversitystudy:"helpyourfamily,helpyourgroup.returnfavors,bebrave,obeysuperiors・divideresourcesfairly,andrespectothers*property1'・Thefactthatthesemoralsarefoundacross60culturesfromaroundtheworlddemonstratesthatmorality,thoughsubjective・isthecornerstoneofkeepingoursocietiestogether.Herearesomereasonstobemoral:withoutmorality,asociallifeisalmostimpossibletomaintain;havingagoodreputationandhavingaclearconscienceispsychologicallyhealthy;andmostphilosophiesregardunselfishandprincipledbehaviorasimportant.Thereisnodoubtthatwithoutmorals,asocietycannotfunctioneffectively.Aconfusedsituationwouldappear.AccordingtotheSocietyofMorality,nWearcsocialanimals,andtheactionswetake・thethingswedoandthethingswedon'tdo・haveconsequencesonourenvironmentsandontheothersaroundus.Asaresult,weneedtobeabletogovernourbehaviorintheneartermsoasnottoinjureourselvesorourcommunityinthelongterm.Thissystemofcontrollingouractionsandourthoughtsinordertooperateinacommunityiswhatweoftenrefertoasmorality’・Therefore,weneedasetofmoralsinordertooperatewithinasocialcircleandasocialenvironment.Actingimmoralusuallyresultsinbeingexcludedfromsocialactivitiesorbeingavoidedbyasocietybasedonlawsandculturalstandards・Besidesactingmoralhavingasociologicalneed・italsohasapsychologicalbasis.Mostpeoplearcconcernedtosomeextentabouttheirreputation・AccordingtoPsyPost,HAlotofeconomicmodelsofhumanbehaviorassumethatpeopleareonlyrational（理性的）whentheynarrowlypursuetheirownself-interest,buthistoryshowsusthatpeoplearealsotremendouslyconcernedwithbeingandappearingmoral'*.So,thefearofone'sreputationbeingdamagedisoftenastrongmotivatortobemoral.Andifsomeonehasbeenimmoral,mostpeoplegooutoftheirwaytomakesurenoonefindsout,ortocorrectthebehaviorinordertonotbecaught.Thisgoesinlinewithconscienceaswell.Peoplegenerallyfeelinabetterpsychologicalstateiftheyfeelthattheirconscienceisclean.Adirtyconsciencecanresultinalackofsleep,anxiety,internalstress,andevenillness・Onthesideofphilosophy,thestudyofethics（伦理）comesintoplay.Mostphilosophersagreethatoneshouldrationallychooseasetofstandardsofbehaviorinordertofunction.Tlioughthereismoralrelativism,thereareuniversalanthropological（人类学的）morals,asmentionedintheintroduction.Bythenatureofoursocietiesandcultures,wechoosewhatwebelieveisrightandwrong.Butsurprising,thisrationalbehaviorcomestoageneralagreementonmorals・So,thereisafinelinebetweenmoralrelativismandmoralabsolutism.Butthemainthingtotakeawayfromthisdiscussionisthatphilosophersgenerallybelievethat3eachindividualhastherighttorationallycomeupwithasetofethicstoliveby,andthatitishealthytodoso.Theauthordiscussesmorality(ParagraphI)inorderto ・explaintherelationshipbetweenmoralityandculturedescribethemoralrulesfoundallaroundtheworldcontrastthedistinctionbetweenrightandwrongintroducethedefinition,principlesandreasonsofmoralityItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat ・actingmoralallowsustofitintogroupsbettermoralitybringsthesystemofcontrollingbehaviorsactingimmoralweakenslawsandculturalstandardsOurcontrolledbehaviorsestablishsetsofmoralsWhichofthefollowingisthepsychologicalbasisforactingmoral?A.Pursuitofself-interest. B.Acleanconscience・C.Theconcernaboutreputation. D.Adirtyconscience・Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?Toreachageneralagreementonmoralsbasedonethics・Tocarveone'sownsenseofetliicstooperateiiithisworld・Tochoosebetweenmoralrelativismandmoralabsolutism.Toexcludephilosophers'beliefsandsolutionsaswell.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully・Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce・Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TherobotsalsocarriedaniPadthatallowedforremotevideocommunicationwithahealthcareprovider.Upto30percentoftheparticipantsreportedthattheywereconcernedwiththeroboticsystem.C・Researchers&oinNUTandBrighamandWomen'sHospitalrecentlysetouttoanswerthatquestion・Currentlytheprocessrequiresseveralpeopletoperform.However,thequestionstillremainedwhetherpatientswouldbereceptivetothistypeofinteraction.Theresultsofthisstudygiveussomeconfidencethatpeoplearereadyandwillingtoengagewithusonthosefronts・TheroboticdoctorwillseeyounowIntheageofsocialdistancing,usingrobotsforsomehealthcareinteractionsisapromisingwaytoreducein-personcontactbetweenhealthcareworkersandsickpatients・However,akeyquestionthatneedstobeansweredishowpatientswillreacttoarobotenteringtheexamroom.(67) ・InastudyperformedintheemergencydepartmentatBrighamandWomen's.theteamfoundthatalargemajorityofpatientsreportedthatmteractmgwithahealthcareproviderviaavideoscreenfixedonarobotwassimilartoanin-personinteractionwithahealthcareworker.^We'reactivelyworkingonrobotsthatcanhelpprovidecaretomaximizediesafetyofbotlithepatientandthehealthcareworkforce・(68) .1nalargeronlinesur\feyconductednationwide,wealsofoundthatamajorityofrespondentswereopentohavingrobotsperformminorproceduressuchastakinganoseswab(拭子)saysGiovanniTra\-erso,anMITassistantprofessorofmechanicalengineering,andtheseniorauthorofthestudy.AftertheCovid-19pandemicbeganearlylastyear.Traversoandhiscolleaguesturnedtheirattentiontowardnewstrategiestominimizeinteractionsbetweenpotentiallysickpatientsandhealthcareworkers・Tothatend.theyworkedwithBostonDynamicstocreateamobilerobotthatcouldinteractwithpatientsastheywaitedintheemergencydepartment.Therobotswereequippedwithsensorsthatallowthemtomeasurevitalsigns,includingskintemperature,breathingrate,andpulserate・(69) .Thestudysuggeststhatitcouldbeworthwhiletotrytodeveloprobotsthatcanperformproceduresthatcurrentlyrequirealotofhumaneffort,suchasturningapatientoverinbed.theresearcherssay.TurningCovid・19patientsontotheirstomachshasbeenshowntoimprovetheirbloodoxygenlevelsandmakebreathingeasier.(70) ・AdministeringCovid・19testsisanothertaskthatrequiresalotoftimeandeffortfromhealthcareworkers,whocouldbearrangedforothertasksifrobotscouldhelpperformswabs・SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words・Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible・WhatMakesanIdealFriend?Tosaywhatanidealfriendisisnottheeasiestthingtodo.Eachpersonhashisorherownopinionofwhatonewouldbe.However,speakinggenerally,thesearecertainfeaturesthatmostpeopleconsidercharacteristicofanidealfriend・Loyal,trustworthy,andopentoshowweaknessarecommonqualitiesthatthemajorityofpeopleattachtoidealfriends・Loyaltyisausualqualitygiventoidealfriends.AccordingtoPsychologyToday,"Loyaltyisvaluedearlyoninallofourrelationships,fromthetimewemakeourfirstfriendships・Weneedfriendswhowontspilloursecretstoothers,gossipaboutus,orallowotherstocriticizeus"Theworstactionbemreenfriendsisnotkeepingone'sword.Idealfriendsarcalsousuallyreferredasbeingtnistworthy.InastatementbyPsychologyToday,theysaythat,"Trustworthuiessisoftenthe"makeorbreak"elementinanyinterpersonalrelationship・Anyunfaithfulaction,regardlessofrecognizeddegree,candestroyarelationship.Tnistworthinessconsistsofseveralelements,includinghonesty,dependability,andloyalty,andwhileeachisimportanttosuccessfulrelationships,honestyanddependabilityhavebeenidentifiedasdiemostvitalintheareaoffriendships\Inlightoftliis,auniversalcomplaintoffriendsisalackofhonesty,andthisisattheheartofbeingtrustworthy.Inlinewithbemghon