定语从句（省一等奖）

语法专项复习之定语从句

一.定语从句的基本定义及分类放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。一.定语从句的基本定义TheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplace

whereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词口诀定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号。定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜。定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。

二.关系词的分类关系代词

2.

关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语①who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Theman

(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

whostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。

Theman

(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whom③

which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

Thesearethetrees

whichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder

（which）

heisusingismadeinJapan.whichHeistheman

(that)

Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Aplaneisamachine

thatcanfly.that⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Weliveinahouse

whosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirl

whoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose口诀关系代词有五个，听我逐一来说破。Which指物人用who,人物都有that顾。Which可用逗号后，意表前句你要know。Who做主语很称职，whom用到宾语里。定从之中少定语，whose为你唱一曲；Whose指人又指物，所属关系要记住。2.关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersons

thattheyaretalkingabout?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：Thisisall

thatIwantfromtheschool.③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：Thefirstlesson

thatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.口诀thatwhich

代表物，区别听我来叙述；先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行词前有序数，就用that定无误；先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；句中若有therebe,that

应把which替；先行主中做表语，that出现从句里。(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：All

whoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Those

whowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.He

whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.口诀指人可用thatwho,以下情况多用who;thosepeople

做先行,therebe

的句型中；先行指人不定代，从句做主who要在；两个从句一起来，不要重复记脑海；(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点①whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。②whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：Theboss

inwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点④whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovel

whosetitle

(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)

isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.③whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboy

whosemother

(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)

isadoctorismyfriend.四.关系副词when,where和why的用法五.关系副词的基本用法关系副词指代的先行词充当从句的成分when表时间的名词/名词词组时间状语where表地点的名词/名词词组地点状语why表原因的名词原因状语用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Istillremembertheday

when(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyear

when(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.1.when1.when用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thisisthefarm

where(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Theschool

where(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.2.where2.where用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thereareseveralreasons

why(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereason

why(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.3.why3.why五.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句1.介词的选用原则：根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars.四.“介词+which/whom”引导的从句，1.介词选用原则(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。Iremembertheday

onwhichIjoinedtheParty.Irememberthedays

duringwhichIlivedthere.（3）根据句意来决定。Thesearehisglasseswithoutwhichhecan’tseeanything.2.当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词常用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。Theman

with

whomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.Ican’tfindthepen

w