Unit+1+science+and+scientists+复习导学案 高三英语一轮复习人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

XB2Unit1scienceandscientists语境背单词Cholera

isaninfectiousdiseasecausedby

germs.Peoplewhoare

infected

withthisdiseasewillsufferfrom

severediarrhoea，dehydration

andevendeath.Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowfeltalittle

frustrated

atfirst，buthewasdeterminedtodefeat“KingCholera”

onceandforall.Therewerethentwo

contradictory

theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Snow

subscribedto

thecorrecttheorythatcholerawascausedbyan

infection

fromgermsinfoodorwater.ButSnowneeded

proof

and

findings.Ithappenedthatcholera

brokeout

inLondonin1854，andSnowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthattherewere

multiple

deathsinsome

households

nearthe

waterpump

inBroadStreet.Thisshowedtherewasa

link

betweenthecasesofcholeraandthewater.Snow

suspected

thatthewaterpumpwasto

blame，sohehadthe

handle

ofthewaterpumpremoved.

Thanksto

Snow’s

intervention，peoplebegantodrink

pure

waterinsteadof

raw

water.Thus，therewasa

substantialdecrease

inthethreatofcholera.Furthermore，inhisuseofmapsand

statistics，Snow

transformed

thewayscientistsstudydiseases.His

thinking

and

concept

ondiseasewerequitenovelatthattime.Therefore，Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodern

epidemiology.霍乱是一种由细菌引起的传染病。感染这种疾病的人会严重

腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰•

斯诺一开始感到有点沮丧，但他决心彻底击败“霍乱王”。当时有两种截然不同的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。斯诺赞同正确的理论，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。但斯诺需要证据和调查结果。1854

年伦敦恰巧暴发了霍乱，斯诺开始调查。他发现宽街水泵附近的一些住户有多人死亡，这说明霍乱病例与饮用水有关联。斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首，于是他让人把水泵的把手拆掉了。多亏了斯诺的干预，人们开始饮用纯净水而不是原水。因此，霍乱的威胁大幅

降低。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。他对疾病的思考和观念在当时是相当新颖的。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。Doctorsuse

microscopes

toobserve

cells，germs，

viruses

or

proteins

incells，while

astronomers

lookatstarsandstudy

astronomy

through

telescopes.Atheorymaybe

abstract，butresearchworkneedstohavea

solid，concrete

or

vividtheoreticalframework.

Besides

JohnSnow，itisworthmentioningQianXuesen，thefatherofChina’s

aerospace

industry.Hewasan

outstanding，

gifted

and

patriotic

scientist.Atfirst，hestudiedrailway

mechanical

engineering.Inorderto

defend

China’sairspace，he

shifted

hismajorto

aviation.WhilestudyingintheUnitedStates，QianXuesenwasagraduate

assistant，studying

jet

androckettechnology.AfterreturningtoChina，hewasput

inchargeof

developingChina’srocketscienceanditsspaceand

missile

programme.UnderQian’s

leadership，China’saerospaceindustrymade

steady

progressandachieved

initial

success.Nowlet’schangethesubject.Hereisapictureofa

brilliantrainbow

afteraheavyrain.Thereisamanstandingoverthere.Therainbow

casts

different

shadows

oftheman.

Aboveall，themoonishanginginthesky，butthesunhasnotyetset.Canyoufind

fault

withthispicture?医生用显微镜观察细胞、细菌、病毒或细胞中的蛋白质，而天文学家则用望远镜观察星体和研究天文学。理论可能是抽象的，

但研究工作需要有一个坚实、具体或生动的

理论框架。除了约翰•

斯诺，值得一提的是“中国航天之父”钱学森。他是一位杰出的、有天赋的、爱国的科学家。起初，他学习铁道机械工程。为了保卫中国的领空，他转到了航空专业。在美国留学期间，钱学森是一名研究生助理，研究喷气式飞机和火箭技术。回国后，他被任命负责发展中国的火箭科学及其太空和导弹项目。在钱学森的领导下，中国航天事业稳步发展，初见成效。现在咱们换个话题吧。这是一幅大雨过后的绚丽的

彩虹图。有一个人站在那边。彩虹

投射出这个人不同的影子。尤其是，天空中挂着月亮，但太阳还没有落山。你能找出这幅画的错误吗？单词派生1.adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→vt.反驳;矛盾

2.n.感染;传染→vt.使感染;传染

3.n.证据;证明;检验→vt.证明

4.n.介入;出面;干涉→vi.介入;干涉

5.adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→v.净化

6.adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的→n.物质;物品;事实根据

7.vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变→n.改变;转换

8.n.思想;思维;见解→v.认为;思考

9.n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→v.发现

10.adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→adv.起初

11.adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→n.机械师;机械修理工

12.vt.保卫;防守;辩解→n.防御;保卫

13.n.助理;助手→vt.帮助;协助→n.帮助;协助;援助

14.adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→n.礼物;天赋

15.adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→adv.平稳地;持续地

16.n.天文学家→n.天文学

17.adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的→adv.生动地

基础知识巩固Ⅰ.单词小测1.Withsolid,thelawyercancertainlythatheisinnocent.(prove)

2.,Ientirelyknewaboutthestepstheytooktocreateabettercampus.(initial)

3.He,an,cametomy;thatistosay,hemeinfinishingtheimpossibletaskontime.(assist)

4.Theirdaughterhasaforlanguagewhiletheirsonisapianist.(gift)

5.HedescribedwhathesawinLondon,givingusapictureaboutpeople’slifethere.(vivid)

Ⅱ.短语小测Inhumanhistory,everytimeanepidemic1.(爆发),manypeoplewill2.(患病)withit.3.(多亏)theeffortsofthoseexpertswhoare4.(主管)handlingit,theepidemiccanbedefeated5.(彻底地).However,mostexperts6.(赞同)theviewthatnewepidemicswilloccur.So7.(最重要的是),weshouldstrengthenourimmunesystemtoresistdiseases.

Ⅲ.句型小测——高考情景仿写1.他身体虚弱得几乎站不起来了。Hewashecouldhardlystandup.

2.可怕的地震似乎把一切都摧毁了。everythingwasdestroyedbytheterribleearthquake.

3.她今天不上班,所以她终于可以请人把空调修理一下了。Sheisoffworktodaysoshecaneventually.

单元巩固练习Ⅰ.单词小测1.Themoon(cast)brightlightoverthegardenwhenIsawthroughthewindow.

2.Shelistened,(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.

3.Whenshesawhereffortspaidoff,tearsofhappiness(pour)downJane’scheeks.

4.Whatmadetheassistantannoyedwasthathewassuspectedstealingmoney.

5.Allofthemblamedthemistakeme,whichmademequitefrustrated.

6.(2020·浙江卷)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalytical(think),planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage.

7.(四川卷)Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsof(infect).

8.(全国Ⅱ卷)FrankHurley,aconfidentand(gift)AustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages.

9.(全国Ⅱ卷)HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteaching(assist)inclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents.

Ⅱ.短语填空aboveall,thanksto,ingeneral,subscribeto,breakout,inchargeof,betoblame,onceandforall,belinkedto,comedown1.Pleasebelieveus.Wearesuretosettlethematter.

2.Itisreportedthatateamconsistingoffiveexpertswillbetheclub.

3.Don’tgoandaskforherideaaboutourplan.Neverwillsheitforthetrip.

4.“thefinancialaid,Icancontinuemystudyingatschool,”shetoldthenewswebsiteRedNet.

5.Theywatched,amazedasfireontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.

6.Weshouldoftenexchangeideaswithourparents,whoarerichinexperience,and,loveusmostintheworld.

7.Don’talwaysblameyourfailureonothers,sometimesyouyourself.

8.Thereisconvincingevidencethatskincancerexposuretothesun.

9.Sincehewiththedisease,heshiftedtheemphasisawayfromworktolife.

10.Althoughthecitypreservesagoodlook,someofitsheritagewasdestroyedinWorldWarⅡ.

Ⅲ.单元语法专练1.Thequestionisheistoblame.

2.Myadviceisyoushouldhandletheprobleminanewway.

3.Thefactwashedidn’treallytry.

4.Thequestioniswillbethesuccessfulapplicantforthesummerjobatthelawfirm.

5.Takingayearofffromschooltotravelabroadisisgenerallycalledagapyear.

Ⅳ.话题微写作【写作素材】1.大量的证据和数据表明,许多严重的疾病可以用中医治疗。中医在中国有着悠久的历史。(定语从句)2.多亏了这种药,许多病毒得到了控制,许多疑难病症甚至被彻底地治愈了。(handle,havesthdone)3.许多人赞同中医。(subscribeto)4.一些人仍然怀疑它的巨大价值,并把责任归咎于它。(suspect;blame)5.他们坚定地认为,这只是单纯的初步治疗。(thinking)【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。

Keys:单词派生1.contradictory;contradict2.infection;of;ervention;intervene5.pure;purify6.substantial;substance7.transform;transformation8.thinking;think9.finding;find10.initial;initially11.mechanical;mechanic12.defend;defense/defence13.assistant;assist;assistance14.gifted;gift15.steady;steadily16.astronomer;astronomy17.vivid;vividly基础知识巩固Ⅰ.1.proof;prove2.Initially;init