学案“十校联赛”一等奖

GrammarLearningaboutlanguage1.Lookatthereadingpassageagaintofindwordsandexpressionsthatmeanthesame.

AlternativeexpressionsWordsandexpressionsfromthetextbreakdownfoodusingteethoutercoveringofabodyorplantchewskinAlternativeexpressionsWordsandexpressionsfromthetextthelowerpartorpointofsomethingbehappyandsatisfiedwith;notwantingmorebottombecontentwithAlternativeexpressionsWordsandexpressionsfromthetextsurprisegreatlyineverypartofspecial,morethanusefulastonishthroughoutparticularAlternativeexpressionsWordsandexpressionsfromthetextsomeoneorsomethingthatisnotsuccessfulextremelygoodwhenwaterishotenoughtoturnintogasfailureoutstandingboil2.Completethepassagewithsomeofthewordsandexpressionsaboveinthecorrectform.OnceIhadadog.Hewasalwayshungry.Onedayhetriedto____apairofmyshoes.It_________methathewasabletoseparatethebottomoftheshoefromtheupperpartandthechewastonishedlaces.Not_________withsuchastrangedinner,herwentintothegardenandstartedtoeata_________flowerofmine.IthappenedthatthisflowerwasanewspecieswhichIhadbeengrowing___________thesummer.Iwantedtoputitintothenextflowershowandwithoutitmyworkwouldcontented

particular

throughoutendin______.Irushedacrossthegardentosaveitbutsuddenlyfelloverandhurtthe

____

onmyarm.Allthistimethedogsatandatemyflowerlookingasifhewasenjoyingitverymuch.failureskinWordformationNotetheconnectionbetweenthenounandadjectiveformsofthewords.

NounAdjectiveNounAdjectiveenjoymentdifficultentertain-mentcrueltymouthhonestyhelpfortuneenjoyabledifficultyentertainingcruelmouthfulhonesthelpfulfortunateSuffixExample-able-ing-fulvaluablelovablecomfortablemoveablemiserableamusingmisleadingfreezingrelaxingpromising

hopefulcheerfulusefulwonderfulrespectful

SuffixExample-less-ed-ish-iveendlesshomelessharmlessvoicelesshelplessexcitedinterestedbelovedboiledagedamazed

IrishchildishselfishSpanishactiveattractiveexpensiveinstructive

SuffixExample-ate-ant-lyfortunateaffectionatepassionateimportantpleasantignorant

friendlyorderlycostlylovelydeeply

-ing形式作定语,宾语补足语和表语的用法一、-ing形式作定语

1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：

buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料drinkingwater=waterfordrinking饮用水awalkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading阅览室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台

tiringmusic=musicthatistiring烦人的音乐

asurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising

一个惊人的结果

2.-ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.

他们住在一间面朝街的房子。

Theman

standingthere

isPeter’sfather.=Theman

whoisstandingthere

isPeter’sfather.

站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.

在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：

Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.

他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.

那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。二、-ing形式作宾语补足语

1.1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：

Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.

当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生人站在大门口。Wefoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs.

我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。

Ifoundabaglyingontheground.

我发现地板上放着一个包。

Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.

那老板让工人整夜地工作。2）当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：

Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.

这个结果很令人满意。Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.

有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。

Wemustn’tkeepthemwaiting.=Theymustn’tbekeptwaiting.

千万不能让他们等。

2.能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:

1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。如：

Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypatting

meontheshoulder.Canyousmellanythingburning?Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.Listentothebirdssinging.Ididn’tnoticehimwaiting.2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoing

that.Thissetmethinking.I’msorrytohave

keptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。

3.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：

Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.

我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。

（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）

①前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.

我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。

（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）

②如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：

Weheardthedoorslam.Weheardthedoorslamming.(反复动作)(一次动作)

三、-ing形式作表语

-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：

Herhobbyispainting.

她的业余爱好是画画。

Myjobislookingafterthechildren.

我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。Hisconcernforhismotherismost

touching.

他对母亲的关爱很感人。

Shewasverypleasinginherappearance.ExercisesPointouttheusageofthe–ingform.1.Doyoufinditfunnytoseesomeoneslidingonabananaskin,bumpingintosomeoneelseroundacorner,orfallingdownaholeintheroad?

sliding,bumping,falling

作宾语补足语2.Hebecamefamousforusingaparticularformofacting,includingmimeandfarce.

using作介词for的宾语

including作状语3.…Buthewaslivedbyallwhowatchedthefilmsforhisdeterminationinovercomingdifficultiesandbeingkindevenwhenpeoplewereunkindtohim.

overcoming作介词宾语4.ThatwastheproblemfacingCharlieChaplininoneofhismostfamousfilms.

facing作定语

5.Heloveditbyusingnonverbalhumor.

using作介词宾语6.Theirjobis“panningforgold”.

panning作表语

7.Finallyhetriescuttingandeatingthebottomoftheshoe.

cutting,eating作宾语ExplainthefollowingphrasesinsimpleEnglish.asleepingbagasleepingboyadrinkingcupadrinkinghorseAbagforsleepingAboythatissleepingAcupfordrinkingAhorsethatisdrinkingadancinghalladancinggirlacookingpotamovingstoryAhallfordancingAgirlthatisdancingApotforcooking

AstorythatismovingawashingmachineAterrifyingsoundanoperatingtableaninspiringleaderAmachineforwashingAsoundthatisterrifyingAtableforoperatingAleaderwhoisinspiring

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.Don’tleavethewater_______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.run B.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.TellMarythatthere’ssomeone____forheratthedoor.

A.waiting B.waited C.waits D.towait3.The_______waitercameuptousandsaid,“Youarewelcome.”

A.smiling B.smiled C.smile D.tosmile4.Aphonecallsenthim_______tothehospital.

A.hurry B.hurrying C.tohurry D.hurried5.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.lay B.lain C.layingD.lying6.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_______acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail B.tosailC.sailing D.tohavesailed7.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest_______inourcity.

A.needsrepairing B.needingrepaired

C.neededrepairing D.needingtoberepaired8.Thedrunkenhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls_______inalldirectionsbeforehewassent_______byhiswife.

A.flying;tosleep B.flying;sleep