中考英语非谓语动词不定式课件

TheNon-FiniteVerbs非谓语动词的定义在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子的各种成分的动词形式，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念非谓语动词的形式不定式动名词分词（现在分词与过去分词）动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词1.不定式的结构(1)肯定式：to+动词原形

It’snicetomeetyou.(2)否定式：notto+动词原形

Hetoldmenottoleavethisroom(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带)2.不定式的时态时态主动语态被动语态例句一般式todotobedoneHewantstobeanartist.Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.进行式tobedoing/TheboypretendedtobeworkinghardHeseemstobereadinginhisroom.完成式tohavedonetohavebeendoneIhappenedtohaveseenthefilm.Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.完成进行式tohavebeendoing/SheissaidtohavebeenwritingthenovelaboutNewYorkforyears.3.不定式的句法功能01···主语05···补语03···表语状语···06定语

···04宾语

···02Part01不定式做主语Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.It'sgreattoseesuchbeautifulsceneryToseesuchbeautifulsceneryisgreat.1.It+be+形容词+for/ofsb.todosth.

It'snecessary(foryou)tolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.

It'ssonice(forme)tohearyourvoiceIt’simportant(forus)tokeephealthy.(2)当adj.描述主语的品质特征,此时用of

.(大多数情况下，of描述的是人)常用的形容词有kind,

nice,

stupid,

rude,

clever,

foolish,

thoughtful,

thoughtless,

brave,

considerate(考虑周到的),

silly,

selfish等It'sverykind

ofhimtohelpus.It

wassillyofustobelievehim.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.(1)Itiseasy_______hertolearnEnglishwell.(2)It'sfoolish________metomakesuchamistake..(3)it'snecessary________ustomindourmanners.(4)It'sclever________youtoworkoutthemathsproblem.(5)It'sveryconsiderate________youtodosuchathingfortheoldlady.forofforofof2.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthehomeworkeveryday.Ittakescouragetosaywhatyouthink.Ittakestimeandpatiencetophotographwildlife.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Itisanoffencetodroplitterinthestreet.ItismypleasuretohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

Itismyresponsibilitytocreatemyworkprogram.3.It

+is

+

名词

+

todosth.4.用在谚语中

Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Tosayiseasy,buttodoishard.说起来容易，做起来难。1.Itisnecessary______ustolearntowait.(of/for)2.Itwascareless______metobreakthecup.（of/for)3.Ittookthem1,000yuan_________thistable.(buy)4.Itismypleasure_________theboxforyou.(carry)5.轮到我们打扫教室了。6.确保大家的安全是我的工作。(中译英)7.学会说好英语需要花很长一段时间It'smyjobtoensureeveryone'ssafetyIt'sour

turntocleantheclassroom.offortobuytocarryIttakesalongtimetolearntospeakEnglishwell.Part02不定式做宾语常用动词有：want/wish/like/wouldlike/hope/plan/try/decide/learn/need/agree/begin/start/forget/remember/manage/seem/fail/manage/promise/afford/aim/appear/arrange/ask/attempt/care/choose/claim/demand/determine/prepare/manage/refuse/pretend/prove/tend/offer/expect/threaten/neglect/volunteer等

1.动词+todosth.①Althoughhepretended

tosurrendertotheenemy,hefailed

towin

theirtrust.②Ihope

tofinishittomorrow.③Iwouldlike

tohaveacupoftea.④Don’tfoget

tobuy

metwoticketstothezoo.*如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例：

Hewantstogoand(to)haveaswimwithus.

Wouldyoulike

togocampingand(to)haveabarbecuewithus?2.动词+疑问词+不定式①Idon'tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.②Heforgetswhattodonext.③Pleaseshow

howtodothat.④Hecan’tdecidewhichtobuy.常用动词：decide,

know,

consider,forget,

learn,

remember,

show,

understand,

see,

wonder,

hear,

findout,

explain,

tell等Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeels

ithisdutytohelpthepoor.Ifind

itdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.在“谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”这样的结构中，如果宾语由一个不定式充当，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：“主语+动词+it+补语+todo句式”。常用动词：think/find/feel/consider/make/regard等3.动词+it+宾语补足语+todo动词need,want,require作“需要”之意时，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词的主动形式，或不定式的被动式。这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。（主语不能做后面所说之事)

Thismethodrequirestobeimproved.

=Thismethodrequiresimproving.Thisshirtneedstobewashed.=Thisshirtneedswashing.Thelawneedstobereformed.=Thelawneedsreforming.注意：Part03不定式做补语1.动词+宾语+不定式（todo做宾补）①

Fatherwillnotallow

ustoplayonthestreet.②

Webelievehim

tobeguilty.③Sheasked

me

tohelpher.④Weconsider

Tom

tobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.2、动词+宾语+不带to的不定式(不定式作宾补)动词多为感官动词、使役动词。使役动词(let,have,make)后边宾补时，省去to,但是在被动语态中要还原to。makesb.dosth.=sb.ismadetodosth.一感：feel二听：hear,listento三使：make,let,have四看：see,notice,watch,lookatJohn’smothermakeshimplaythepianoeveryday.=Johnismadetoplaythepianoeveryday.①

Lethimdowhateverhewhishestodo.=Heislettodowhateverhewhishestodo.②

Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.=Heismadetogiveupsmoking.③

Ifeltsomethingcrawlupmyleg.=Somethingisfelttocrawlupmyleg.④

Iheardsomeonecryloudlythismorning.⑤Sheletthestudentsreadandtakenotes.=Someoneisheardtocryloudlythismorning.=Thestudentsarelettoreadandtakenotes.常见动词：seem,

appear,

besaid,

besupposed,

bebelieved,

bethought,

beknown,

bereported,

hope,wish,

desire,

want,

plan,

expect,

mean等3.tobe+形容词（主补）Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.Hewants

tobemoreexcellent.Nursingworkers

areexpected

tobemorepatientandcarefulintakingcareofpatients.Part04不定式做表语

主语+be+todosth(1)主语多为

duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job/aim

等名词(2)主语也可以是句子或者短语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作Myambitionistobeasinger.Hisworkistocleantheclassroomeveryday.WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Part05不定式做定语1.动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。Whowasthefirstonetoarrive?Shehasnopapertowriteon?

Ihaveameetingtoattend.Ihavealotofworktodo.2.动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。Ihavenochairtositon.Hehasnohousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.Iamlookingforahoteltostayat.Part06不定式做状语1.不定式作状语表目的表目的时，不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时，不定式常与句子用逗号隔开；而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。

Togetthereontime,wesetoutatfiveinthemorning.

Hegoestheretoenjoythefreshair.

Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.todo,inordertodo,soastodo都可表示目的。todo,inordertodo的位置既可在句首，又可在句末；而soastodo只能在句末。Inorderto(Todo)buildahouse,heboughtsomewoodandsteelyesterday.Heboughtsomewoodandsteelyesterdayinordertobuildahouse.Heboughtsomewoodandsteelyesterdaysoastobuildahouse.2.不定式作状语表结果不定式在下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果，不定式的位置一般在句子末尾(1)表示终结性的动词find,see,hear,learn,discover的不定式，常表示出乎意料的结果，并且，不定式前常有never,only等副词修饰。Hearrivedlate,onlytofindthetrainhadgone.Iwenttotheclassroom,(only)todiscoveritempty.Ivisitedhim,

onlytofindhimout.(2)在“so+adj./adv.+as+todo中。Thesceneryis

sobeautifulastoattractmanypeoplehereeveryyear.Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.(3)在“adj./adv.+enough+todo”中。HeranfastenoughtocatchupwithLiLei.Heworkedhardenoughtogetgoodgrades.(6)在“too+adj./adv.+todo中。too...to太......以至于不能Theywenttooslowlytocatchtheearlybus(5)在“such+a/an+adj./adv.+n.+as+todo中。Sheissuchagoodgirlasto

helpyoumakegreatprogress.(4)在“so+adj./adv.+a(n)+n.+as+todo”中。Thisis

sointerestingastoryastointerestchildren.*不定式和疑问词连用疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等表语主语宾语宾语*不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。①Idon’tknowwhattodonext.=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.②

Whentostartremainsundecided.=WhenIshouldstart

remainsundecided.③Thedifficultyi