病原微生物学资料：网测1

1.与条件致病菌的致病条件无关的是(2.0分)A.细菌寄居部位的改变B.细菌毒力增强C.菌群失调D.机体免疫力下降2.关于菌血症的叙述不正确的是(2.0分)A.细菌侵入血流B.细菌在血液中大量生长繁殖C.细菌只是短暂地存在于血流中D.细菌经血液播散到适宜部位而致病3.CASE:A13-year-oldgirlwasadmittedtoahealthcarefacilitywitha5-hourhistoryofdiarrhea(腹泻)andvomiting（呕吐）.Onpatientinterview,thephysiciansuspectedittobeaninfectionbycontaminatedfood污染的食物.Thephysicianrecommendeddiagnostictests诊断性测试tobedoneforthepatient.Microscopicexaminationofthestool粪便onGramstainingrevealedGramnegativebacilli杆菌.Themicrobiologistdiscoveredshort,slender（瘦长的）rods杆状duringmicroscopicexaminationandsuspectedtheorganismtobeEscherichiacoli大肠杆菌.WhichamongthefollowingmediahelpsindifferentiatingE.colifromothergeneraofenteric肠的bacteria?(2.0分)A.Sheepbloodagar琼脂(SBA)B.Eosinmethyleneblue(EMB)agar向培养基中加入伊红美蓝遇大肠杆菌，向培养基中加入伊红美蓝遇大肠杆菌，菌落呈深紫色，并有金属光泽，可鉴别大肠杆菌是否存在。C.ChocolateagarplateD.Liquidmedia4.2.Themedicalimportanceofspores（芽胞）liesinthefactthat:(2.0分)A.Theyhavekeratin(角蛋白)-likecoats.B.TheycontainbacterialDNA.C.Theyareextremelyresistanttoheatandchemicals.D.Theyareformedinadverseconditions.5.1.AGramstainhasbeenperformedonabacterialisolatetakenfromasheepbloodagarplate.Uponobservation,thecellsappeartoberedtopinkrods.TheorganismispresumptivelyidentifiedasCitrobacterkoseri(克氏柠檬酸杆菌).Themostlikelyreasonfortheredcolorofthecellsinthestainisthatthe(2.0分)A.Peptidoglycan（肽聚糖）layerofthecellwallisrelativelythinB.PeptidoglycanlayerofthecellwallisrelativelythickC.OrganismsinthisgenushavealipopolysaccharideoutermembraneD.OrganismsinthisgenushaveonlyacytoplasmicmembraneE.Capsule（荚膜）tendstocapturethesafraninfromtheGramstainreagent6.ThemajorpropertythatdistinguishesE.colifromthetwootherintestinalpathogensShigella志贺菌andSalmonella沙门氏菌isthatitferments(2.0分)A.Lactose乳糖B.Maltose麦芽糖C.Fructose果糖D.Glucose葡糖E.Acetate醋酸盐7.关于革兰氏阴性细菌的细胞壁，下列说法正确的是(2.0分)A.肽聚糖很多B.无外膜C.肽聚糖为三维立体结构D.缺乏五肽交联桥8.A5-year-oldboyistakentoaphysicianafterhisinsectbitegetsinfected.Thedoctortakesaspecimenfromthelesionforcultureandacatalase（触酶）-positive,Gram-positivebacteriagrowinginclustersisisolated.Whatelseisafeatureofthisorganism?(2.0分)A.CanmakesporesB.Producesgamma-hemolysisonbloodagarC.Canonlygrowanaerobically厌氧D.ProducesapotentendotoxinE.Canfermentmannitol（甘露糖）andgrowonhighsalt9.6hoursaftereatingrawfishandotherseafoodataJapaneserestaurant,acoupledevelopednauseaandvomiting,waterydiarrhea,abdominalcramps,andfever.Whatorganismislikelyinvolvedinthepatients’condition?(2.0分)A.Salmonellaenteritidis（肠炎沙门氏菌）B.Bacilluscereus（蜡样芽胞杆菌）C.Clostridiumperfringens（产气芽胞梭菌）D.Staphylococcusaureus金黄色葡萄球菌E.Vibrioparahaemolyticus（副溶血弧菌）10.Whichofthefollowinggram-negativerodsarefoundinseawaterandarethecommoncauseoftoxigenicwater-lossdiarrhea?Thesebacteriaarehighlymotilewithasinglepolarflagella.(2.0分)A.Vibriocholerae（霍乱弧菌）B.Proteusmirabilis（奇异变形杆菌）C.Shigellaflexneri（弗氏志贺菌）D.Escherichiacoli11.Corynebacteriaare(2.0分)A.Small,pleomorphicgram-negativebacilliB.MotileC.Non-sporeformersD.Devoidofmycolicacid（无分枝菌酸）E.Strictanaerobes12.Mycobacteriumtuberculosis(2.0分)A.IsacidfastduetoverylowlipidcontentofcellwallB.IsanobligateanaerobeC.Hascordfactorandsulfatideproduct,whichcontributestovirulenceD.CannotsurviveinsidenormalmacrophageE.Producesendotoxins13.WhichofthefollowinggroupofEscherichiacoliisthecommoncauseofdiarrheaininfantsandisimplicatedinoutbreaksofdiarrheainnurseries?(2.0分)A.EnterotoxigenicB.EnteroinvasiveC.EnteropathogenicD.EnterohemorrhagicE.Enteroaggregative14.α-hemolyticStreptococci(2.0分)A.ProduceclearzoneofhemolysisB.LysetheRBCcompletelyC.ProducenozoneofhemolysisD.ProducegreendiscolorationonbloodagarE.Producebluepigmentonbloodagar15.Speciesofspore-formingbacteriabelongingtotheClostridiumgenusincludeseveralpathogensofmedicalimportance.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlife-threateningcharacteristicofsuchbacteria?(2.0分)A.LackofprophylacticvaccinesB.FeverproductionC.ProductionofexotoxinsD.InvasivepotentialE.Formationofendospores16.Thetetanospasmin（破伤风痉挛毒素）(2.0分)A.isapotentendotoxinB.isaheatstableproteinC.causescontinuousexcitationofmotorneuronsD.AandCE.BandC17.BiologicactionsofProteinIassociatedwithgonococciinclude(2.0分)A.AntiphagocyticactionsB.FormationofsurfaceporesC.AttachmenttohumancellslikeepitheliumofvaginaD.Hydrolysisofβ-lactamringinpenicillinE.Ironbinding18.A45-year-oldwomancomesintoyourofficewitha2-dayhistoryofabdominalcrampsandbloodydiarrhea.ShehasjustreturnedfromhervacationinIndia,wheresheatemanyofthelocalfoods.Herbloodpressureis120/80mmHg,pulserateis84/minute,andtemperatureis37.8°C.StoolexaminationrevealsmanypolymorphonuclearleukocytesandaerobicGramnegativenon-motileorganisms.Fromthestoolculture,aGram-negativerodwasisolatedthatformscolorlesscoloniesoneosin-methyleneblue(EMB)agar.Whatorganismisthemostlikelycause?(2.0分)A.ShigelladysenteriaeB.EscherichiacoliC.VibriocholeraeD.VibrioparahaemolyticusE.Yersiniaenterolitica（黑死病致病菌耶尔森菌）19.AmanbringshisuncletoyourofficeandtellsyouthattheunclelivesintheCaribbean（加勒比海）butisintheUnitedStatesonvacation.Hecomplainsofaverysorethroatandhasproblemsswallowing.Thelymphglands（淋巴腺体）inhisneckareveryswollen（肿大）.Yoususpectthathehasdiphtheria,whichisconfirmedbyathroatculture.Onedomainofthetoxinisinvolvedintheinhibitionofproteinsynthesis.Aseconddomainisinvolvedin(2.0分)A.toxinbindingtothecellreceptorB.inhibitingDNAreplicationC.cleavageofthe28SribosomalRNAD.bindingandsequesteringelongationfactorsE.transportingtoxinintothenucleus20.Anelderlywomanwasadmittedtothehospitalforasepticwoundtreatmentonherlowerabdomenwhichdevelopedafteracolonoperation.Herwoundwas1.5-cmopen,andoozing（渗出）ayellowexudate（分泌液）.Whichisthebestwayofsterilizing（消毒）thesheetofthebed（床单）contaminatedwiththesepticwound'ssecretion?(2.0分)A.Usinganionicagentsolvents（阴离子溶剂）B.Usingnonionicagentsolvents（非离子型表面活性剂的溶剂）C.Dryheatsterilization（干热灭菌）D.Autoclavesterilization（湿热灭菌）E.Radiation（辐射）14-21.A30-year-oldmancomesintoyourofficebecauseofdiarrhea（腹泻）thatbeganontheairplanewhilehewasreturningfromavacationintheMiddleEast.Hehadmultipleepisodesofwatery,non-bloodydiarrheaandlittlevomiting.BP130/85mmHg,P76,T36,8°C.Youmakeastainforfecalleukocytes,whichrevealsnoPMNs.Testforoccultbloodisnegative.Cultureofthestoolrevealspigmented（有颜色的）coloniesoneosin-methyleneblue(EMB)agar.Whichoneofthefollowingorganismsisthemostlikelycause?(2.0分)A.Escherichiacoli(enterotoxigenicstrains)B.Escherichiacoli(enteropathogenicstrains)C.EscherichiacoliO157:H7D.S.typhimuriumE.S.dysenteriae22.ThetoxinofCorynebacteriumdiphtheriae（白喉棒状杆菌）isresponsibleforthevaccine-preventablechildhoodillnessdiphtheria（白喉）.Toxinproductioninthisorganismismediatedbychromosomalgenesthatoriginatedfromabacteriophage.WhenincorporatedintotheDNAofahostcell,bacteriophageDNAiscalledaprophage（原噬菌体）.Organismsthatcontaintheprophageproducethetoxinandcausediphtheria,whilethosethatdonotcontaintheprophageareprobablynonpathogenic.ThismechanismofDNAtransferfromonecelltoanotherbywayofabacteriophageiscalled(2.0分)A.Transduction（转导）B.Transformation（转化）C.Conjugation（接合）D.Transfection（转染）E.Recombination（重组）23.Asexuallyactive18-year-oldmanattendsagenitourinarymedicineclinic（泌尿生殖医药门诊）withacomplaintofpainfulurethraldischarge（尿道排出物）.Afterappropriatestudies,adiagnosisofgonorrhea（淋病）ismade.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelybefoundonasmearofhisdischarge?(2.0分)A.Gram-positiverodsB.Gram-negativerodsC.Gram-positivecocciD.Gram-negativecocciE.Acid-fastbacilli（抗酸细菌）24.A7-montholdchildpresentstotheemergencyroomexhibitingtoxicepidermalnecrolysis中毒性表皮坏死松解症andlarge,flaccidbullaethatareformingandrupturingundertheepidermis,causingdesquamationinthediaperarea.Thisspectrumofdiseasedescribesaconditionusuallycausedby:(2.0分)A.ToxinproducingStaphylococcusaureus.SSSS葡萄球菌烫伤样皮肤综合症B.InvasiveEscherichiacoli.C.ProphageinfectedCorynebacteriumdiphtheriae.D.Flesh-eatingStreptococcuspyogenes.E.DermalinfectionwithClostridiumperfringens.25.WhichoneofthefollowingenzymesproducedbyStreptococcicausesdepolymerizationofDNAinexudatesornecrotictissue(2.0分)A.Streptodornase链道酶B.Streptokinase链激酶C.Hyaluronidase透明质酸酶D.StreptolysinO链球菌溶血素E.StreptolysinS26.CASE:Apreviouslyhealthy24-year-oldwomanpresentedwithhighfeverofsuddenonset,severemyalgia（肌肉疼痛）,headache,vomiting,diarrhea,anddiffusescarlatini-formrashresemblingsunburns.Shewasonthefourthdayofhermensesandwasusingtampons（卫生棉塞）.Herbloodpressurewasnotedas70/40mmmercury.Aspartoflaboratoryinvestigations,blood,urine,andvaginalculturesweredone.Accordingtothemicrobiologyreport,heavygrowthofstaphylococcusaureus金黄色葡萄球菌wasobtainedfromvaginalculture.Preliminaryreportofherbloodcultureshowednogrowthafter24hrsincubation.Microscopyofurinesedimentshowed15leucocytesperhighpowerfield.Urineculturedidnotyieldanysignificantgrowth.Whichofthefollowingstaphylococcaltoxinsplaysamajorroleincausingthispatient'sillness?(2.0分)A.StaphylococcalalphatoxinB.PantonValentineleucocidinC.Exfoliativetoxin剥脱毒素D.EnterotoxinB肠毒素E.TSST1中毒性休克综合症毒素127.CASE:A38-year-oldmanwasadmittedtoahealthcarefacilitywithnausea,vomiting,diarrhea,andabdominalcrampingforthepast2hours.HisBPwas100/60mmHg.Oninterviewingthepatient,herevealedthathehadconsumedmeatthathadbeenleftuncoveredforanight.Thephysiciansuspecteditasacaseoffoodpoisoning.Duringlaboratoryexaminationitwasfoundthatthemeatwascontaminatedwithcircular,clusteredorganisms,whichonGramstainingwerefoundtobeGrampositive.Fairlylarge,yellowcoloredcolonieswereformedwhentheorganismwasgrownonmannitolagarmedia甘露醇琼脂培养基黄色大菌群inatemperaturerangeof15to45°C.Theorganismshowedpositiveresultsforcoagulaseenzymeactivityandshowedresistancetopenicillinandmethicillinantibiotics.凝固酶阳性抗生素抵抗Whatorganismwasthecausativeagentofthefoodpoisoning?(2.0分)A.Clostridiumperfringens产气荚膜梭菌B.EnterococcusfecalisC.Escherichiacoli大肠杆菌D.Staphylococcusaureus金黄葡萄糖E.Salmonellaspecies沙门氏菌28.A36-year-oldAmericanIndianisadmittedtotheisolationunitatyourhospitalfortreatmentofpulmonarytuberculosis肺结核,whichwasdetectedataroutinecheckupthedaybefore.Heworksataconstructionsite（建筑工地）downtown（市中心）andhasnotbeenincontactwithanyfarmanimals.Besidestreatment,youneedtoinformhimofthemostcommonwayoftransmittingthedisease.Whichcontaminationisusuallyresponsible?(2.0分)A.BloodcontactB.HandsC.Eatingutensils（餐具）D.MilkproductsE.Dropletnuclei（飞沫核）29.DPTvaccinecontains(2.0分)A.ToxoidfordiphtheriaandtetanusandheatkilledorganismsforwhoopingcoughB.ToxoidfortetanusandheatkilledorganismsfordiphtheriaandwhoopingcoughC.ToxoidforwhoopingcoughandtetanusandheatkilledorganismsfordiphtheriaD.Toxoidfordiphtheria,tetanusandwhoopingcoughE.Heatkilledorganismsfordiphtheria,tetanusandwhoopingcough30.Whichofthefollowinganaerobeisassociatedwithproductionofdoublezoneofhemolysis?(2.0分)A.ClostridiumperfringensB.ClostridiumdifficileC.ClostridiumsepticumD.ClostridiumtetaniE.Clostridiumsordellii31.Staphylococcalbacteriacauseawidevarietyofhumandisorders,fromfoodpoisoningtorashes（发疹）.Somestrainsofstaphylococcicausetoxicshocksyndrome(TSS),amultisystemdisease.ThecauseofTSSisatoxincalledtoxicshocksyndrometoxin1(TSST-1),originallyrecognizedasoneofthepyrogenic（化脓性）staphylococcalenterotoxins.Itisoneofagroupoftoxinsknownaswhat?(2.0分)A.Superantigens（超抗原）B.Immunotoxins（免疫毒素）C.Immunophilins（亲免素）D.Toxoids（类毒素）E.RTXtoxins（在细胞膜上打孔的外毒素）32.Corynebacteria（棒状菌）are(2.0分)A.MotileB.CatalasepositiveC.SporeformersD.DonotfermentcarbohydratesE.Strictanaerobes33.TheantibioticrecommendedbyCentersforDiseaseControl(CDC)fortreatmentofgonorrheais(2.0分)A.PenicillinB.Ceftriaxone（头孢曲松）C.Erythromycin（红霉素）D.Tetracycline（四环素）E.Aminoglycosides（氨基糖甙类）34.关于荚膜，下列说法错误的是(2.0分)A.与细菌的致病性有关B.处于细菌细胞的最外层C.可抵抗有害物质的作用D.与细菌的黏附无关35.Gramnegativediplococcialongwithlargenumberofpolymorphonuclearneutrophilswereseeninthecerebrospinalfluidofa21yroldmalehavingsymptomsofpurulentmeningitis.Thecoloniesonchocolateagarwerecatalasepositiveandoxidasepositive.Theisolateproducedacidfromglucoseandmaltose（麦芽糖）butnotfromsucrose（蔗糖）andlactose.Thecausativeorganismis(2.0分)A.Streptococcuspneumoniae（肺炎链球菌）B.Streptococcusagalactiae（无乳链球菌）C.NeisseriameningitidisD.NeisseriagonorrhoeaeE.Escherichiacoli36.Anexperimentisdevisedtostudytheinvitroeffectsofcytokinesandotherchemokinesonmacrophages.Recombinantinterferonsalpha,beta,andgamma,interleukin-1,interleukin-2,interleukin-4,interleukin-6,granulocytemacrophagecolonystimulatingfactorandtumorgrowthfactorbetawereaddedindividuallytomacrophages.Whichofthefollowingcytokinesorchemokinesactivatemacrophagesbyamechanismthatinvolvesincreasedionexchange?(2.0分)A.Interferon-alpha,interferon-beta,andinterferon-gammaB.Interleukin-1C.GranulocytemacrophagecolonystimulatingfactorD.Tumorgrowthfactor-betaE.Interferon-betaF.interferon-gamma37.Diphtheriatoxinactsby(2.0分)A.InhibitingproteinsynthesisB.BlockingmRNAbindingC.Producingedema（水肿）D.Increasingtranslation38.能与宿主染色体整合的噬菌体的基因组称为(2.0分)A.毒性噬菌体B.溶原性噬菌体C.前噬菌体D.温和噬菌体39.关于质粒的叙述，下面的说法错误的是(2.0分)A.是细菌染色体外的遗传物质B.编码细菌的某些生物学性状C.是闭合环装的双链DNA分子D.为细菌生长繁殖所必须40.下面哪个生化反应试验不能区分大肠杆菌和产气肠杆菌？(2.0分)A.VP试验B.甲基红试验C.枸橼酸盐利用试验D.糖发酵试验41.世界上首次分离沙眼衣原体这一重要病原体是哪个国家的哪个科学家？(2.0分)A.巴斯德B.郭霍C.弗莱明D.汤飞凡42.A39-year-oldwomancomesintoyourofficebecauseshehashadseverediarrheaforthepast2days,accompaniedbyfeverandashakingchill.Sheusesantacids（抗酸药）.Otherwisesheishealthy.Astainforfecal（粪便）leukocytes（白细胞）revealsmanyPMNs（中性粒细胞）.Testforoccultblood（便隐血）waspositive.Fromthestoolcultureagram-negativerodwasisolatedthatdoesnotfermentlactose（乳糖）.Triplesugariron（TSI）agarshowsanalkalineslant,acidbutt,withbothgasandH2S.Theurease（尿素酶）testwasnegative.Whichoneofthefollowingorganismsisthemostlikelycause?(2.0分)A.Salmonellatyphimurium（鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）B.EscherichiacoliC.Campylobacterjejuni（空肠弯曲菌）D.Vibrioparahaemolyticus（副溶血弧菌）E.Vibriocholerae43.Amotherbringsher2-year-olddaughterintoyourofficeandreportsthatthechilddoesnotwanttoeatandappearstohaveafever.Uponexamination,youconfirmthatthechildhasaninflamedthroatanddecidetotreatherwith7daysofpenicillin.After4days,themothercallsyourofficetoreportthatthechildhasnotsignificantlyimproved.Youknowthatthisproblemissomehowrelatedtobacterialplasmids.Thetransferofaplasmidfromonebacteriatoanotherisanexampleofwhat?(2.0分)A.mechanismofspreadingbacterialresistancetoantibioticsB.situationwhichcanneverbeharmfultothepatientC.mechanismofconveyingsensitivitytoallantibioticstothebacteriaD.meansofrestoringsensitivitytotheantibioticE.mechanismofpreventingantibioticresistance44.Rfactorsmediate(2.0分)A.DrugresistanceB.CellmediatedimmunityC.ToxicpropertiesofpathogenicbacteriaD.Allergicreactions45.A32-year-oldwomanisbroughttotheemergencyroomwithsuddenonsetoffever,headache,sorethroat,profusewaterydiarrhea,vomiting,andlethargy,whichstartedinthemorning.Onphysicalexamination,sheisslightlyconfused,hertemperatureis39°C(103°F),herbloodpressureis100/50mmHgandshehasdiffusesunburnlikeaerythematousrash.Whentheemergencydoctoristryingtofindoutifsheispregnant,shementionsthatherperiodstarted2daysago.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelydiagnosis?(2.0分)A.Scarletfever（猩红热）B.RockyMountainspottedfeverC.MeningococcemiaD.ToxicshocksyndromeE.Foodpoisoning46.Streptococcuspneumoniaevaccinecontainswhichofthefollowing?(2.0分)A.Thecapsularpolysaccharideofthe23mostprevalenttypesB.AtoxoidC.KilledStreptococcuspneumoniaeD.AnantigenpurifiedfromtheorganismE.AttenuatedstrainsofStreptococcuspneumoniae47.Althoughprimarytuberculosisisofthegreatestconcerntomostphysicians,somepatientswhohavebeenpreviouslyinfectedwithMycobacteriumtuberculosismayexperiencesecondaryorreactivationdisease.Themostlikelyexplanationforthereactivationofthisdiseaseinpatientsis(2.0分)A.Thereisalocalactivationofthehumoralimmuneresponseandaconcomitantactivationofthecomplementsystemthatinitiatesthebreakdownofolder,calcifiedlesionsinthelung,leadingtothereappearanceofsymptomsB.Becauseofthecontinuedexposureoftheetiologicagenttolongtermtherapywithmultipleantituberculosisdrugs,secondarydiseaseemergeswhenantibioticresistantstrainsofM.Tuberculosisreac