主位推进模式在读后续写中的应用课件-高考英语作文复习专项

ContinuationWriting

basedontheThematicProgressionSummer

01Overview语言学家普遍认为，一个句子可以划分为“主位(Theme)”和“述位(Rheme)”两大部分。主位是讲话的起点，通常是语法上的主语，一般表示已知信息。述位是围绕主位展开的部分，是对主位的叙述、描写和说明，一般表示引发的新信息。在韩礼德的系统功能语法中，主位（Theme）位于句首，是“充当信息出发点的要素，是小句所论及的主体”，是已知信息；述位（Rheme）是“信息的剩余内容，是围绕主位展开的具体内容”，是信息的核心内容。简单主位例如：“Duringthispastyear（T）,I'vehadthreeinstancesofcartrouble.Hiswife（T）preparedapotofwaterforustowashourhands.”简单主位包含一个结构成分，不可再分，可以是名词词组、副词词组，还可以是介词词组。多重主位多重主位是由多种语义成分构成的主位，可划分为语篇主位、人际主位和概念主位。“Socertainlywe（T）wouldneedsomethingtosupportit.”so是语篇主位，是与上文的连接；certainly是人际主位，表示说话人的肯定情态；we是概念主位，表示主题。句式主位句式主位是由小句来充当主位。例如：“AsIwasabouttogiveup（T）,aMexicanfamilyinasmalltruckpulledover,andthefatherboundedout.”Readandfindthemes1.ThetwoIndiansstoodwaiting.2.Ontheotherhandmaybeonaweekday,itwouldbelesscrowded.3.Frankly，themoviewasawasteofmoney．4.However，youshouldseeitandmakeupyourownmind．5.Honestly，sheisacharminglady．6.Therefore，youhadbettermakeupyourownmind．7.Iftheduckgivesanythingtomyaunt．itwillbethatteapot．8.Whenraindidfall,itwouldhavewashedlargeamountsofsoilintotheBlueNileandintoEgypt．1.ThetwoIndians(单项主位)stoodwaiting(述位).2.Ontheotherhandmaybeonaweekday(多重主位)itwouldbelesscrowded(述位)3.Frankly(人际主位)，themovie(概念主位)wasawasteofmoney．4.However(语篇主位)，you(概念主位)shouldseeitandmakeupyourownmind(述位)．5.Honestly(人际主位)，she(概念主位)isacharminglady(述位)．6.Therefore(语篇主位)，you(概念主位)hadbettermakeupyourownmind(述位)．7.Iftheduckgivesanythingtomyaunt(句式主位)，itwillbethatteapot(述位).．8.Whenraindidfall(句式主位),itwouldhavewashedlargeamountsofsoilintotheBlueNileandintoEgypt(述位)．主位推进模式主位同一型主位相同，述位不同述位同一型主位不同,述位相同0102延续型前一句的述位或述位的一部分成为后一句的主位前一句的主位是后一句的述位。0304交叉型主位一致型推进模式(平行型)Atlanta

wasaGreekprincess.ShewasverybeautifulandcouldrunfasterthananymaninGreece.ButshewasnotallowedtorunintheOlympicGames.Shewassoangrythatshesaidtoherfathershewouldnotmarryanyonewhocouldnotrunfasterthanher.R2T1R3R1述位一致型推进模式（集中型）Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentfromthestandardlanguage,itiscalledadialect.AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallytheMidwestern,southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.T1T2R1/R2/Rn

Tn

（R1）延续型推进模式FrederickWilliamI,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolorlikehoney.T1→R1T2→R2Tn→Rn交叉型推进模式Theplaywasinteresting，butIdidn’tenjoyit．Ayoungmanandayoungwoman

troubled

me．I

turnedaroundandlookedatthem，butthey

didn’tpayanyattentiontome.T1→R1T2→R2Tn→Rn运用主位推进模式进行阅读材料文本分析主位(T)述位(Ｒ)主位推进模式类型1Thetwinswerefilledwithexcitement.平行型除了句子3、7、9、10、11，其他的句子的主位都是指代thetwins)2astheythoughtofthesurprisetheywereplanningforMother’sDay．3HowpleasedandproudMotherwouldbe4whentheybroughtherbreakfastinbed．5TheyplannedtomakeFrenchtoastandchickenporridge.6Theyhadwatchedtheirmotherinthekitchen．7Therewasnothingtoit.8JennaandJeffknewexactlywhattodo.选段（一）运用主位推进模式进行阅读材料文本分析主位(T)述位(Ｒ)主位推进模式类型1Thebigdaycameatlast．平行型除了句子3、7、9、10、11，其他的句子的主位都是指代thetwins)2Thealarmrangat6a.m．3Thepairwentdownthestairsquietlytothekitchen．4

Theydecidedtoboiltheporridgefirst．5

Theyputsomericeintoapotofwaterandleftittoboil.6whiletheymadetheFrenchtoast．7Jeffbroketwoeggsintoaplateandaddedinsomemilk．8Jennafoundthebreadandputtwoslicesintotheeggmixture．选段（一）运用主位推进模式进行阅读材料文本分析主位(T)述位(Ｒ)主位推进模式类型1Next，Jeffturnedon…heatupthefryingpan延续型2

…untilJeffstartedfryingthebread．3Thepanwastoohot4andthebreadturnedblack…5Jennathrewtheburntpiece…

andputin…anotherbread．6…soitcookednicely．7ThenJeffnoticedsteamshootingoutofthepot…8…theporridgeboiledoverandputoutthefire选段（二）运用主位推进模式进行阅读材料文本分析主位(T)述位(Ｒ)主位推进模式类型9Jennapanicked延续型10…，Jeffstayedcalmandturnedoffthegasquickly．11Butthestovewasamessnow．选段（二）运用主位推进模式进行阅读材料文本分析主位(T)述位(Ｒ)主位推进模式类型1

JennatoldJefftocleanitup平行型交叉型2sotheycouldcontinuetocooktherestoftheporridge．3ButJeff’shandtouchedthehotburner4

andhegaveacryofpain.5Jennamadehimputhishandincoldwater．6Thenshecaughtthesmellofburningputsomericeintoapotofwaterandleftittoboil.7Ohdear!ThepieceofbreadinthepanhadturnedblackaswellmadetheFrenchtoast．Jeffmadehimputhishandincoldwater选段（三）运用主位推进模式建构续写情节序号主位（T）述位（R）1“Don’tpanic!”he2Afterthat，Jeff3However，Father4Atthis，JennaandJeff推进模式交叉型延续型续段（一）Para1．Asthetwinslookedaroundthemindisappointment，theirfatherappeared.handedeachoneawettowel，helpingthemcleanthemessquickly．stammeredouttheirplan,

lookingatfathernervously．laughed，“Soundsgreat!Icanteachyoutocook.”almostjumpedtotheirfeet，joyineyes．运用主位推进模式建构续写情节序号主位（T）述位（R）5Underhis

carefulguidance，it6Everythingsettled，father推进模式平行型续段（一）Para1．Asthetwinslookedaroundthemindisappointment，theirfatherappeared.didn’ttakelongbeforethechildrengotthebreakfastready．leftthekitchen，promisingtokeeptheirsecret.运用主位推进模式建构续写情节序号主位（T）述位（R）1Meetingtheirsmilingeyes，Mother2untilshesaw3Mother4

Her

face推进模式延续型平行型续段（二）thechildrenpresentthebreakfastandsaid“HappyMother’sDay”．wassurprisedandgavethematighthug，“Unbelievable!Youcancook!It’sthebiggestsurpriseIhavereceived．”feltconfused.litupwithhappiness．Para2．Thetwinscarriedthebreakfastupstairsandwoketheirmotherup．运用主位推进模式建构续写情节序号主位（T）述位（R）1“They2Father3They4It推进模式交叉型续段（二）Para2．Thetwinscarriedthebreakfastupstairsandwoketheirmotherup．haveknownhowtotakecareofothers．”．saidinresponsetoherexcitement，winkingatJennaandJeff．couldn’thelpgiggling.wasasecretonlysharedbetweenthem．

主位推进应用于七选五

33TheywerenotsurehowtheAmericanswouldreacttothenewtypeofmusic.BeatlemaniahitNewYorkonFebruary7,1964.Hundredsoffansjammedtheairporttogreetthem.34Theconcertwasbroadcastliveandattractedthelargestonenightaudienceinthehistoryoftelevisionuptothattime.TheBeatlesweredescribedasaBritishinvasion(入侵)bylocalandnationwidenewspapersatthattime.TheirvictoryinAmericawasstillrememberedasamajorturningpointinthehistoryofrockandroll.ThankstotheBeatles,alotofopportunitieswereopeneduptonewfacesonthemarket.35。A.TheydecidedonatourtotheUnitedStatesin1964.E.ManyrockbandswereabletofollowinthefootstepsoftheBeatles.G.TheyperformedtheirfirstconcertinAmericaatCBStelevision’s53rdstreetstudio.

本段设了三空，这种情况较少见，但如果我们运用主位推进模式观察分析信息交互传递，这三空的信息还原就迎刃而解。本段的叙述起点第33题我们不知道，但相对于第二句“TheywerenotsurehowtheAmericanswouldreacttothenewtypeofmusic”，我们推断作为第二句的已知信息Americans是第一句的述位（新信息），因此锁定A答案的“theUnitedStates”是主位同一型的推进模式。

主位推进应用于七选五

33TheywerenotsurehowtheAmericanswouldreacttothenewtypeofmusic.BeatlemaniahitNewYorkonFebruary7,1964.Hundredsoffansjammedtheairporttogreetthem.34Theconcertwasbroadcastliveandattractedthelargestonenightaudienceinthehistoryoftelevisionuptothattime.TheBeatlesweredescribedasaBritishinvasion(入侵)bylocalandnationwidenewspapersatthattime.TheirvictoryinAmericawasstillrememberedasamajorturningpointinthehistoryofrockandroll.ThankstotheBeatles,alotofopportunitieswereopeneduptonewfacesonthemarket.35。A.TheydecidedonatourtotheUnitedStatesin1964.E.ManyrockbandswereabletofollowinthefootstepsoftheBeatles.G.TheyperformedtheirfirstconcertinAmericaatCBStelevision’s53rdstreetstudio.

通过第34题的前一句“greetthem”和后一句的“Theconcert”，我们可以推断34题里有可以作为上句新信息的“they”和下句旧信息的“concert”，因此根据延续型的推进模式，我们很