初三英语语法知识复习

PAGE1初三英语语法知识专题复习一、名词一、总的来说,名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类.专有名词：用来表示某个〔些〕人、地方、机构等专有名称的词。如Marx、Beijing、USA等，其中的实词第一个字母要大写。如theGreatWall等。二、名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词。1、可数名词〔个体名词和集体名词〕:〔1〕单数〔前加a或an表“一〞〕;(2)复数〔词尾加“-s〞或“-es〞〕。其规那么如下：A.规那么变化：〔1、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的，加-es/iz/;如boxes,glasses,watches,brushes等；〔2、以“辅音字母+y〞结尾的，变y为i,加-es;如families,babies,countries等；〔3以f、fe结尾的，变f、fe为v,加-es;如knives,wives,halves等；〔4、以“辅音字母+o〞结尾的，加-es;如potatoes,tomatoes等，但外来词和缩写词只能加-s,如pianos,kilo(kilogram)——kilos,photo(photograph)——photos.而zero——zeros/zeroes.(5、一般情况加-s,清辅音后发/s/，如desks,maps等，浊辅音和元音后发/z/.如apples,holidays,boys。但houses/′hauziz/,mouths/mauz/.B.不规那么变化〔childchildrenmanmenwomanwomenpolicemanpolicemenfoot—feettoothteethmousemice〕〔复数名词:peoplepoliceshoespublicclothes〕单数、复数形式相同的：sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese等。国家人民语言AmericaAmericanEnglishEnglandEnglishmanEnglishFranceFrenchmanFrenchGermanyGermanGermanJapanJapaneseJapaneseChinaChineseChineseCanadaCanadianEnglish,French表示民族、国家的名词，除Chinese,Japanese的复数不变，Englishman,Frenchman的复数变-man为-men外，其余的均在词尾加-s.如Americans,Germans,Russians,Australians(附某国、某国人、某国语言的词形联系表).→→→→→→→(3、复合名词复数的构成方法①在中心词上加-s或-es,如：pencil-boxes.②在第二个组成局部上加-s或-es,如：boy-friends,tooth-brushes等.③含性别的复合词，两局部都变为复数，如：man-teacher——men-teachers,woman-driver——women-drivers.2、不可数名词〔抽象名词和物质名词〕：不能以数目来计算的名词。如water,meat,rice,air,food,time,work,bread等等。它们只有单数形式，不能在前面加a(an)或数词来表示一个或几个。只能用“of词组〞来表达。如“五块肉〞fivepiecesofmeat，“三袋小麦〞threebagsofwheat，“四那么新闻〞fourpiecesofnews.3、可数名词和不可数名词的转换：如：chicken,c“小鸡〞，u“鸡肉〞；fish,c“鱼〞，u“鱼肉〞，orange,c“橘子〞，u“橙汁〞，paper,c“试卷、论文〞，u“纸张〞，time,c“次数〞，u“时间〞等等。三、名词的所有格〔含义“……的〞〕1、根本构成方法：(1)以s结尾的名词，其所有格只加“′〞。如thestudents’teacherthetwins’bedroom.但以s结尾的单数名词，也可在词尾加“′s〞。如Ross’sbag.(2)其他情况加“’s〞。如：Jane’sfather，Women’sDay2、其他规那么：〔1〕并列名词的所有格：①共同所有,只需在最后一个名词词尾加-’s,如：KateandJoan’sroom.②分别所有，那么在每个名词词尾加-’s,如Kate’sandJoan’s.〔2〕表示无生命的事物名词，一般用of表示所属关系。如:themapofChina,thelegsofthetable.〔3〕双重所有格：①用of结构与名词所有格-’s结合构成双重所有格：afriendofmyfather’s,onebookofhisbrother’s.②用of结构加名词性物主代词构成双重所有格：apenofmine,aneighbourofhis.〔4〕表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词常用-’s形式：anhour’swalk,yesterday’news,China’spopulation,twentyminutes’walk.〔5〕可用-’s表示店铺、某人家：theGreens’,myuncle’s.典例〔〕1.Thisis____news.A.suchagoodB.averygoodC.suchgood〔〕2._____knowledgeofspacedevelopsveryquickly.A.People’sB.Man’sC.Men’s〔〕3.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty_____fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.was/wereB.was/wasC.were/were〔〕4.“Wouldyoulike___?〞“____,please.〞A.adrink/AcoffeeB.drink/AcupofcoffeeC.acupdrink/Acupcoffee〔〕5.Twothirdsofthework____done.A.areB.isC.have〔〕6.Therich____notalwayshappy.A.isB.haveC.are〔〕7.Sheistheonlyoneofthe____writerswho_____storiesforchildren.A.woman/writesB.women/writesC.women/write〔〕8.Imethimat_____.A.Mr.Green’sB.theGreensC.Greens’〔〕9.Playingfootballis_____.A.agreatfunB.greatfunsC.greatfun〔〕10.Thesheeponthehill_____theirs.Theyareallwhite.A.isB.wasC.are提高训练一、用所给名词的正确形式填空：1.Myshirtismuchcheaperthan________.(John)2.Thegirlinredis______________(TomandKate)3.The_________(Brown)arewatchingTVnow.4.Ourschoolisaboutten__________(minute)walk.5.March8is_______________(womanday).6.Whowonthe_________(boy)400-_______(meter)race?7.Thisis___________(today)newspaper.8.Therearetwenty-five_________(man)workersinmyfactory.9.Ilike___________(chicken)verymuch.They’relovely.SoInevereat_________(chicken).10.Althoughheisathirty-___________(yearold)man,youcanseefew________(hair)onthehead.二、冠词一、冠词的种类：不定冠词a(an),定冠词the。冠词不能单独使用，必须置于名词前。二、不定冠词的用法：一般用于单数名词前，表泛指。其中a用于读音以辅音开头的词前，an用于读音以元音开头的词前。如:abasketball,auniversity,anhour,anapple.1、表示第一次提到的人或物。如：(1)Iboughtanewbook.(2)Hemetanoldwomanonthewaytoschool.2、表示人或物的某一类。如：(1)I’maboy.(2)Wouldyoulikeanorange?3、表示数量“一〞，但没有one强。如：(1)Shehasapencil.(侧重pencil,而非其他物品)(2)Shehasonepencil.(侧重数量“一支〞，而非“两支、三支〞)4、表示“每一〞，相当于every。如：Theygotoseetheoldmanonceaweek.5、用于带修饰的抽象名词之前，表示“一种〞。如：That’sagreatsurprisetoher.6、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人、何物。如：Aboyiswaitingforyou.7、用于固定搭配词组中。如：alotof,alittle,apieceof.三、定冠词的用法：定冠词在单复数可数名词和不可数名词前都可使用，表特指，有“this/that或these/those〞之意。1、特指某人或某物。Themanunderthetreeishisfather.指上文提到过的人或物。Iboughtanewbookyesterday.Thebookisveryuseful.指说话双方都提到过的人或物。A:Whereisthedirtysock,Tom?B:It’sonthebed,mum.表示世界上独一无二的事物。thesun,themoon,theearth.5、用于序数词或形容词最高级前。(1)Heisthetallestboyinourclass.(2)ThefirstlessonisaboutEnglishname.用于姓氏复数前，表“……一家人〞。theBlacks,theWangs.7、用于单数名词前，表一类人或物。Thehorseisausefulanimal.8、用于固定搭配中：inthemorning,allthesame,ontheright.9、用于专有名词前。theGreatWall,theWhiteHouse.四、零冠词〔不用冠词〕1、三餐、球类、学科、语言前。(1)IhavesupperatschoolfromMondaytoFriday.(2)Mathsisveryimportant.2、季节、星期、月份、节日前。Inspring,onSunday,inSeptember,Women’sDay.3、专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前。Japan,milk,music.4、名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或数词作修饰语时。(1)Comethisway.(2)Mybookishere.5、复数名词表泛指时。They’restudents,andwe’reworkers.6、在固定搭配中。onfoot,athome/work/play,gotoschool,atnight,atsea,inhospital.典例〔〕1.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay____basketball.A.aB.anC.theD.不填〔〕2.What___fineweatherwehavethesedays!A.aB.theC.不填D.an〔〕3.That’s___usefulbook.Ihavereaditalready.A.theB.anC.不填D.a〔〕4.Thisis__songI’vetoldyouabout.Isn’tit__beautifulone?A.the/theB.a/aC.the/aD.a/the〔〕5.—Didyoudowellin__Englishexam?—Yes,Igot_“A〞.A.the/anB.an/theC.a/不填D.the/a〔〕6.—WhatcanIdoforyou,madam?—Iwant___orangeskirtformydaughter.Haveyougotany?A.anB.theC.aD.不填〔〕7.Passme___dictionarynexttotheradio,andIalsoneed____pentotakesomenotes.A.a/aB.the/theC.a/theD.the/a〔〕8.—CanIhelpyou,madam?—I’mlookingfor__pairofshoesformydaughter.A.theB.anC.aD.some〔〕9.Mr.Smithalwaysgivesme___handwhenIamintrouble.A.aB.anC.theD.不填〔〕10.—WhereisXiaoMing?—He’shaving___restoverthere.A.aB.anC.theD.不填根底训练〔〕1.____Englishisnothardtolearn.A.AB.TheC.AnD.×〔〕2._____GreenswillmovetoShanghai.A.TheB.AC.×D.An〔〕3.Therearetwenty-fourhoursin____day.A.theB.×C.aD.an〔〕4.Englishis___usefullanguage.A.anB.aC.×D.the〔〕5.Tomis___honestboy.A.theB.aC.anD.×〔〕6.__cuponthetableis___oldone.A.The/anB.The/aC.A/anD.A/the〔〕7.Youwillfind______storyon_____eighthpage.A.×/theB.the/anC.a/theD.a/an〔〕8._____richarenotalwayshappy.A.TheB.AC.AnD.×〔〕9.______moreheeats,_____fatterhegets.A.The/aB.The/theC.A/anD.A/the〔〕10.Tom’sgoingtoNanjingby_____train.A.aB.anC.theD.×〔〕11.Wehave_____supperathalfpastfive.A.×B.aC.anD.the〔〕12.____oldmanhadtwochildren,_____sonand____daughter.A.An/the/theB.A/a//aC.The/the/theD.The/a/a〔〕13.Bothofthemjoin____Leaguein1998.Theyhavebeen_____Leaguemembersfor4years.A.×/×B.the/×C.the/theD.a/the〔〕14.March8this_____.A.Women’sDayB.theWomen’sDayC.aWomen’sDayD.Women’sDay〔〕15.Heisnowstudying_____historyof______Partyin____university.A.×/the/aB.the/the/anC.×/×/anD.the/the/a〔〕16.WangFeilikesswimmingin_____summer.A.aB.theC.×D.an提高训练〔完成句子，不必要填的地方划斜线〕1.长城横卧在我国的北方。_____GreatWalllies____________northofourcountry.2.大局部中国人都喜爱火锅。_____mostChineselike________hotpot.3.这是一个关于植树的非常有趣的故事。Thisis_____________storyabout____plantingtrees.4.王先生一家人正坐在桌边吃晚饭。_______________arehaving____supperattable.5.等一等，天在下雨，把伞带上。Wait______minute.It’sraining.Take______umbrella.6.他们匆匆忙忙把受伤的人送到医院。Theysent______woundedto_____hospitalin_____hurry.7.快点！时间到了，把卷子交上来吧。__________!_____timeisup.___________yourpapers.8.躺着看书对眼睛不好。Reading_______________isbadforyoureyes.9.时间就是金钱，而金钱难买时间。_____timeis_____money.But____moneycan’tbuy____time.10.对不起，请再说一遍，好吗？Ibegyourpardon.______you______sayit______secondtime?三、代词人称代词人称第一人称第二人称第三人称数单数复数单、复数单数复数主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem物主代词:有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种形式。形容词性物主代词在句中相当于一个形容词，置于名词之前作定语，即“形容词性物主代词+名词〞；名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，即为“形容词性物主代词+名词〞。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。如：Thisbookismine.(mine=mybook)数单数复数单、复数单数复数形容词性myouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代词:(含义：“……自己，……亲自，……本人〞)有人称和数的变化。在句中，常作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。〔enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimeteachoneself=learnbyoneselfhelponeselfto…〕单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves如：(1)Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.(宾语)(2)Hehimselfwentthere.(同位语)不定代词:不指明特定的人或事物的代词。不定代词有：some,any,no,every,all,both,either,neither,each,none,little,alittle,few,afew,another,other,others,many,much等，以及由some,any,every,no和one,thing,body组成的复合不定代词。这些不定代词大多能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但含有some,any,every,no的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语。no和every只能作定语。常见不定代词的用法：1、some和any:均可作主语、宾语、定语，且指三个或三个以上。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否认句、疑问句中。如：①There’ssomewaterintheglass.②Hedoesn’thaveanymistakesinhisEnglishpaper.但：①MayIaskyousomequestions?(表力求得到对方的肯定答复)②Anyofyoucananswerit.(“任一〞)③DoesanyofyouknowMr.Liu?(“任一〞)2、few,afew,little,alittle:few,afew均与可数名词复数连用，little,alittle与不可数名词连用；few,little表否认，“几乎没有〞，afew和alittle表肯定，“有一点〞。如：①Therearefewpeopleinthestation.②Youhavelittletimetodoyourworknow.③There’reafewapplesandalittlemeatinthefridge.注意:afew=several/somealittle=some/abitof3、all,both,none和neither:all和none,both和neither分别是一组反义词。all,none表示三个及其以上，both,neither表示两者。“all,both+复数名词〞,“all/none/both/neitherof+复数名词〞。如：①Bothofusknowhimalittle.Butneitherofusknow(s)whereheisfrom.②Allofmyfriendsmetbothofmyparents.(1)both和all都可以作adj.pron.在句中作定语、主语、宾语。both用于两者之间，all用于三者以上。①Allofusarestudyinghard.(主语)②Allbooksareuseful.(定语)③Welikeboth.(宾语)注意：A.all,both,each和every等与not连用表局部否认，完全否认分别用neither和none.如:①Notbothofthemareworkers.②Noneofthestoriesis(are)interesting.③Noteveryoneofusknowhowtoanswerthequestion.B.both,each用于两者，both+复数名词，each+单数名词。all,every用于三个及三个以上，every不能与of.〔all/each/bothof+…every+…+of〕C.each和every:each可作代词、形容词，可作主语、宾语、定语；every是形容词，作定语。如：①Everyoneofusishere.②Eachofushasgotabook..③Ilikeeachofthem.④Therearetreeseachsideofthestreet.(2)noone和none:noone作主语时，谓语动词用单数，none作主语时，谓语动词的形式由none所代替的名词的数来决定。4、many和much:many用于修饰和代替可数名词，much用于修饰和代替不可数名词。“toomany+可数名词的复数形式〞,“toomuch+不可数名词〞，“muchtoo=very〞。注意:many=alotof/lotsof/anumberofmuch=alotof/lotsof5、复合不定代词something,anything,nothing等的定语要后置。如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.6、another,other,theother和theothers:other用于表示两个〔局部〕中的“另一个〔局部〕〞，theother特指两个中“另一个〞，常构成“one…theother…〞结构。theothers指“其余全部〞，another用于表示三个或三个以上的多数中的“另一个〞。如：(1)Pleaseshowmeanotherpen.(2)Hehastwosisters.Oneisadoctor,theotherisanurse.(3)MayIhavealookatanyotherphotos?(4)There’re55studentsinmyclass..25aregirls,theothersareboys.注意:one指代前文出现过的名词，其复数形式是ones.如：Shehasgotawashingmachine.Iwanttobuyone,too.7、either、neithereither:(1)作代词，“二者之一，任何一个〞。如：①Herearetwopens.Youmayuseeitherofthem.Eitherisgood.②Eitherwilldo.(随便哪个都行)③Is(Are)eitheroftheboysready?(2)作形容词，“〔二者之中〕任何一个〞。如：①Youmaysitateithersideofthedesk.②Therearemanytreesoneithersideoftheroad.(3)作连词,常构成“either…or…〞,作主语时,谓语动词由or后面的人称和数决定。如：①Eithermybrothersormyfatheriscoming.②Eitherheoryouarewrong.(4)作副词，“也〞用于否认句，如：①Hedidn’tgoswimming,either.②Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish,andIdon’tlikeEnglish,either.注意;肯定式:also〔句中〕/too〔句末〕neither:(1)作代词，“二者都不〞。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：①Neitherisgood.(=Botharebad.)②Neitherofthebooksisinteresting.(2)作形容词，“〔两者〕都不〞，与单数名词连用。如：Neitheranswerisright.(3)作连词，常构成“neither…nor…〞,作主语时,谓语动词由nor后面的人称和数决定。①Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherisgoingtoworkonthefarm.②NeithershenorIamgoingtospeakatthemeeting.注意:neither…nor…反意→both…and…指示代词：this,that,these,those均可作主语、宾语、定语。注意:〔1〕在比拟状语从句中常用that来代替前面出现过的不可数名词或单数的可数名词;用these代替复数的可数名词.eg.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthan__that___ofRussia.(2〕it也可作指示代词.Eg〔〕－AlatestEnglishnewspaper,please!－Onlyonecopyleft.Wouldyouliketohave___,Sir?A.it〔指代前面出现的同一名词〕B.one指代前面出现过的同种物或人中的一个〕C.thisD.that疑问代词：表示疑问。一般用于疑问句或名词性从句。有：who,whom,whose,what,which等。有时也作连接代词，连接主句和从句，并充当从句的句子成分。如：①Whichdoyoulike,teaorcoffee?②Idon’tknowwhosethebookis.典例〔〕1.Mary,pleaseshow___yourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me〔〕2.Thisisn’t____pencilcase.Ileftmineathome.A.myB.meC.ID.myself〔〕3.MerryChristmas,George!Hereisacardfor___with___bestwishes.A.you/ourB.us/yourC.you/yourD.us/our〔〕4.DoyouknowtheboysittingbetweenPeterand____?A.sheB.IC.hisD.me〔〕5.—Whichdoyouprefer,Coffeeormilk?—___ofthem.Ilikesomecoca-cola.A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.None根底训练〔〕1.Ifyouhavenodictionaryhere,youcanuse_____.A.myB.hisC.herD.their〔〕2.Theywereallverytired,but__ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.A.anyB.someC.noneD.neither〔〕3.It’sverykind____tohelpus____thework.A.ofyou/inB.forher/atC.foryou/toD.ofhim/with〔〕4.Herparentswenttherewithafriendof_____.A.themB.theirsC.theyD.themselves〔〕5.—Wouldyoulikesomewine?—Yes,just______.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.littlebit〔〕6.—Isthere____intheroom?—No,I’mtheonlypersonhere.A.anyoneelseB.somebodyC.everyoneD.anybody〔〕7.MrZhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept___whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers〔〕8.Alicereceivedaninvitationfrom______boss.A.heB.hisC.herD.she〔〕9.Theseplantsarewatered____.A.eachotherdayB.everyotherdayC.eachoftwodaysD.everyoftwodays〔〕10.Wecouldn’teatinarestaurantbecause____ofushad____moneyonus.A.all/noneB.any/noC.none/anyD.noone/any四、数词一、基数词：表数目的词。基数词1～12one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve.基数词13～19thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.基数词20、30…90twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety.非整十基数词21～99twenty-three,ninety-nine,fifty-eight,forty-four等三位数以上的，在百位和十位之间加andthreehundredandthirty-three，onehundredandone英语中没有“万位〞，要借助“百、千〞来表示fivehundredthousand注：1、带数名词的词组作定语时，数词后的名词应用单数。如：atwo-monthbaby,afive-poundticket,a108book等。2、时间表达法：〔1〕直接表达法：按顺序先说钟点，后说分钟。〔2〕“过、差、半〞表达法：①过：指分钟数不到30分钟时，用“分钟数+past+钟点数〞结构表示，如：fivepastseven.②差：指分钟数超过30分钟，用“所差分钟数+to+(钟点数+1)〞结构表示。如：5：45(fifteentosix或aquartertosix).③半：指刚好30分钟，用“half+past+钟点〞表示。如：halfpasttwelve3.〔1〕具体数字：five/sixhundred/thousand/…〔2〕不确切的数目：hundreds/thousands/billionsof二、序数词：表顺序的词。序数词第1～第3first,second,third(1st,2nd,3rd)序数词第4～第19fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth,eleventh,twelfth,thirteenth,fourteenth,fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth,eighteenth,nineteenth(4th～19th)序数词第20～第90〔整十〕twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth(20th～90th)非整十序数词21～99twenty-first(21st),ninety-second(92nd),fifty-third(53rd),ninety-ninth(99th)等第一百a(one)hundredth注：1、序数词与名词连用时，前面要用定冠词the

或形容词性物主代词，而且名词只用单数。如：thefourthbus,mysecondholiday.2、编号的表达：(1)既可用基数词，又可用序数词，但词序不同。如：LessonNine(=theninthlesson),Page50(=thefiftiethpage),(2)有的编号习惯上用基数词。如：Room321(读作roomthreetwoone)。3、日期表达法：年用基数词，日用序数词。如：May1(st),1988(读作Maythefirst,nineteeneighty-eight)或1(st),May,1988(读作thefirstofMay,nineteeneighty-eight)。4、分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。假设分子大于1，分母应加-s。如：3/5(threefifths)典例〔〕1.Thereare______daysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredsixty-five〔〕2.Theboyalwaysstaysherefor____.A.oneandhalfhourB.oneandhalfhoursC.oneandahalfhourD.oneandahalfhours〔〕3.EverymorningMrSmithtakesa___tohisoffice.A.20minuteswalkB.20minute’swalkC.20-minuteswalkD.20minutes’walk〔〕4.Hebought_____apples.A.twokilosB.twokiloesC.twokilosofD.twokiloesof〔〕5.Wewoninthe______relayrace.A.100metresB.100metres’C.100metre’sD.100-metre〔〕6.Tenandfive_____fifteen.A.isB.areC.beD.has〔〕7.Thatroadisabout___.A.ten-metres-longB.ten-meter-longC.tenmeterslongD.tenmeterlong〔〕8.Thereare___peopleontheplayground.A.thousandB.thousandofC.thousandsofD.twothousands〔〕9.Kittyhasread____ofthebookA.twothreB.secondthreeC.twothirdsD.twothird根底训练〔〕1.____isthemostdifficultinthisbookA.LessonSecondB.TheSecondLessonC.SecondLessonD..TheLessonTwo〔〕2.—What’stwelveminusnine?—It’s_______.A.threeB.twenty-oneC.fifteenD.eleven〔〕3.276is___.A.twohundredandseventy-sixthB.twohundredsandseventy-sixC.twohundredandseventy-sixD.twohundredsevensix提高训练一、完成句子：1.Hisfamilyhas______________(数百只羊)。2._____________(三分之二)ofthewaterwasusedtowatertheyoungtrees.3.IstayedinBeijingfor______________(三个半月)lastyear.4.That’s_________________(六岁大的)boy.5.EverymorningMrSmithtakesa________________(20分钟步行)tohisoffice.6.__________(四分之一)ofthevisitorswentintothetallbuilding.7.___________(第一个)manfromtheearthgottothemoonin___________________(20世纪70年代)。8.Thereare_____________(十瓶橙汁)inthefridge.9.____________(第三十)studentcomesfromCanada.10.Shewillpay_____________(第四次)visittotheSummerPalace.二、选择：〔〕1.Whatwasthepriceofthemostexpensivecarin________century?A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentiethD.thetwenty〔〕2.—Excuseme,butcouldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?—Pleasegoto_______.A.the102GateB.theGate102C.Gate102D.102Gate〔〕3.Twocamerasaren’tenough.Whynotbuy______one?It’sworthit.A.thethirdB.athirdC.thirdD.onethird〔〕4.—What’sthemeaningfor1900hoursintheinstructionfortheSmiths’trip?—________.A.NineteenhoursB.NineteenthhoursC.Seveno’clockinthemorningD.Seveno’clockintheevening〔〕5.________oftheworkersinthisfactoryisabouttwohundred,________ofthemarewomenworkers.A.Thenumber/firstthirdB.Thenumber/onethirdC.Anumber/halfD.Anumber/threequarters五、介词常见介词分类1、表示时间：in,at,on,between,since,for,during,until,till,by,after,from…to…,before,past,behind.2、表示方位：in,at,on,between,behind,beside,near,under,above,around,before,below,inside,nextto,among,over,infrontof,round.【地点介词：〔1〕at+小地点〔2〕in位于某地境内ChangshaliesinthenorthofHuan。〔3〕on与某地接壤HubeiliesonthenorthofHuan。〔4〕to位于某地的某一方位，但两地互不相连HebeiliestothenorthofHuan。】3、表示运动方向：to,towards,round,around,through,across,from…to…,into,onto,outof,off,along.4、其他介词：by,to,like,unlike,of,except,about,against,in,with,but,as,plus,minus,without.局部常见介词用法1、in,on,at表示时间的用法区别(1)in用于表示“在〔一段时间〕内、〔将来时中〕……之后〞，如：inthemorning,inSeptember,inspring.We’llmeetinBeijinginthreedays.(2)at表示“时刻、时段〞，如：Atthistime,themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Iusuallygetupatsixo’clock.(3)on表示“具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上〞，如：①TheyarrivedearlyonaTuesdaymorning.②We’llhaveapartyonChristmasEve.ThenewschoolyearusuallycomesonSeptember1.2、in的其他用法(1)在〔某范围或空间〕之内：intheclassroom,intheopenair,inLessonOne.Thewildanimalsareindanger.(2)以……，用……〔方法〕：Theyfinishedthehardworkintimeinthisway.(3)在……方面：—Areyouinterestedinplayingbasketball?—Yes.ButIcan’tdowellinit.(4)用……〔语言〕：What’sthisinChinese?(5)表示穿戴：Whoisthegirlinahat?(6)固定搭配：inahurry,infrontof,infact,infront,intheend,intheair,inbed,inline,introuble,insurprise.3、at(1)在某地〔小地点、场合〕：We’llmeetattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.(2)向〔表示方向、目标〕：laughat,pointat,knockat,lookat,shoutat.(3)处于〔状态〕，进行〔活动〕：atwork,atschool,athome,attable.(4)固定搭配：atfirst,attheendof,atlast,atall,atleast,attheageof,atthebeginningof,atthesametime,attimes,atonce,begoodat.4.on(1)在……上：There’sabeautifulpictureontheblackboard.Ontopof,onTV,onthedesk.(2)表示处于某种状态：onshow/display,onduty,onbusiness,onwatch.(3)关于〔理论研究〕：①Wehadatalkontheenvironment.②IsthereanybookonEnglishstudy?(4)固定搭配：ontime,ontheleft/right,onearth,ononehand,ontheotherhand,onfoot,onone’sway(to),playajokeon,feedon,liveon,bebasedon,geton,puton,turnon,operateon.5.above,over,on(1)above“在……上方〞〔位置高出〕；〔程度、状态、水平等〕超过〔与below相反〕：①There’saphotoofChairmanMaoabovetheblackboard.②Today’stemperatureisabove35inChengdu.(2)over“在……〔垂直〕上方〞〔与相对物体由凌空感，与under相反〕；跨越；普及：①Manyplanesflyoverourtowneveryday.②There’rethreebridgesovertheriver.③Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.(3)on“在……上面〞〔有接触面〕：Thereisaglassofmilkonthetable.6.with(1)和〔同、与〕……一起〔表伴随〕：Iwenttothezoowithmygrandpalastweekend.Shegoeshomeeveryyearwithherparents.(2)带有、具有：I’dlikeChineseteawithnothinginit.Themooncakeswithnutsandeggsaremoredelicious.(3)以……，用……〔表示手段及方法〕：①Withthemoneyheboughtthingsforhislab.②Youcanwritedowntheimportantthingswiththepenandthenotebook.(4)固定搭配：agreewith,beangrywith,bebusywith,befilledwith,befedupwith,becoveredwith,catchupwith,comeupwith,dowith,geton(well)with,helpwith,playwith,quarrelwith,talkwith,bestrictwith.7.for(1)表动作方向，“向、往〞：—MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?—He’snotin.HehasleftforShanghai.(2)表原因，“因为〞：①Thankyouforyourhelp.②Sichuanisfamousforpandas.(3)表目的，“为〞：Theyfoughtforthefreedom.(4)表一段时间或距离，“计、达〞：We’veknowneachotherforthreeyears.(5)表“给、供〞：①TheflowersareforourEnglishteacher.②Iwanttobuysomefoodforsupper.(6)固定搭配：payfor,begoodfor,lookfor,sendfor,waitfor,get/bereadyfor,makeroomfor,forever,forexample,askfor,belatefor.8.to(1)表方向，“到、向、去〞：①CouldyouIgettothestation?②HowcanIgettothestation?(2)表时间，“到〔某时间〕〞：①SpringinChinalastsfromFebruarytoApril.②It’stentofournow.(3)表对象，“向、为、对、给〔某人、某物〕〞：PleasegiveittoMsSmart.(4)固定搭配：thanksto,nextto,preferto,saygoodbyeto,listento,toone’ssurprise,cometooneself,pointto,helponeselfto,writeto,getto.9.by(1)靠近，在……旁边：①Thegirloftenreadbythewindow.②Thereisn’tenoughlandbythesea.(2)到……时间为止：Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnedEnglishfortwoyears.(3)乘坐〔交通工具〕，用〔手段、方法〕：MostofthepeopleinChengdugotoworkbybike.(4)被〔用于被动语态〕：Whichlanguageisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld?(5)固定搭配：bytheway,byoneself,meanby,onebyone.10.表“除了〞：but,except和besides(1)but和except用法相近，都表示“除了……外〞，除去的局部不包含在范围之内。如：①Exceptmyfather,noneofthemcameontime.②Allbutnoneofthemdidn’tcomeontime.(2)besides用来表示“除了……还有……〞。如：Besidesmymother,myfatherandunclecametomynewofficeyesterday.11.其他常见的介词短语(1)“动词〔+副词〕+介词〞：arriveat/in,comefrom,dowellin,feellikedoing,getoutof,getinto,hearof,hearfrom,knockinto,looklike,bemadeof,bemadefrom/in/by,lookup,prefer…to…,talkabout,beusedfor,takecareof,turninto，spend…〔in〕doingsth，spendonsth，helpsbwithsth，thanksto.puton，writedown，takeoff，turndown/up，wakeup。(2)“动词+表语+介词〞：beafraidof,beangrywith,beawayfrom,bebadfor,bedifferentfrom,befullof,besureof,besurprisedat，befilledwith，(3)其他固定介词短语：abitof,alittleof,alotof,anumberof,apieceof,akindof,atthenewsof,allbyoneself,allkindsof,bytheway,ofcourse.典例〔〕1.Weheldaparty___thenightofMay1.__thatnight,weenjoyedourselvesverymuch.A.at/AtB.in/AtC.on/InD.at/In〔〕2.Theteacherisstanding____theclass.A.inthefrontofB.infrontofC.inthebackofD.inbackof〔〕3.___thebadweather,themountainclimbersfailed.A.ThankstoB.ThanksforC.BecauseofD.for〔〕4.TheforeignershadavisittoJiuzhaigou____acar.A.byB.onC.withD.in〔〕5.Comehere!Thereisayellowbird______thetree.A.inB.onC.withD.of〔〕6.Go__thestreet,andwaitforthebus__thatstop.A.across/inB.through/inC.across/atD.cross/at〔〕7.Studyhard,oryou’llfall_____theothers.A.afterB.beforeC.offD.behind〔〕8.Inthedaytime,thetemperaturekeeps______thezero,butatnightitwillfall_____thezero.A.on/downB.above/belowC.over/belowD.above/under〔〕9.Howmuchdidyouspend_______thebeautifulcoat?A.inB.forC.ofD.on〔〕10.I’msurehecangethere______fiveminutes.A.inB.afterC.forD.since根底训练〔〕1.Heneedsanewpentowrite_________.A./B.onC.downD.with〔〕2.Theteacheraskedmetoretellthestory_____myownwords.A.withB.inC.byD.of〔〕3.Theteacherwillbeback________anhour.A.inB.afterC.onD.above〔〕4.Marysendsyousomeflowers________bestwishes.A.toB.forC.fromD.over〔〕5.Theworkers___glasses___theireyes.A.wear/onB.wear/overC.puton/overD.wear/with〔〕6.ImetanoldfriendwhenI____thepostofficeyesterday.A.passB.pastC.passedbyD.passedin〔〕7.Wemustwalk______theforestbeforedark.A.inB.byC.amongD.through〔〕8.Afterthegame,theteachersaid,“___you!〞A.CongratulationstoB.CongratulationsonC.CongratulatestoD.Congratulateson〔〕9.Wemustbealwaysreadytohel