人教版九年级英语Unit5知识点梳理及语法讲义（学生版）

九年级英语Unit5知识点与语法精讲精练词汇梳理词汇梳理（一）完成单词梳理：名词：1.筷子2.硬币3.餐叉；叉子4.剪刀5.（女式）短上衣；衬衫6.玻璃7.钢；钢铁8.棉；棉花9.展览会；交易会10.草；草地11.叶；叶子12.产品；制品13.法国14.品牌；牌子15.小手提包16.老板；上司17.德国18.表面；表层19.材料；原料20.交通21.邮递员22.（尤指有帽舌的）帽子23.（分手指的）手套24.参赛者；竞争者25.形式；类型26.黏土；陶土27.庆典；庆祝活动28.童话故事29.气球动词：1.生产；制造；出产2.包装；装箱3.避免；回避4.磨光；修改；润色5.完成副词：1.广泛地；普遍地形容词：1.自然环境；有关环境的2.当地的；本地的3.可移动的；非固定的4.每天的；日常的5.国际的6.它的7.生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的8.（有关）历史的兼类词：1.（n）银；银器（adj）银色的2.（v）加工；处理（n）过程3.（n）热；高温（v）加热；变热(二)词汇变形小结：1.environmental(adj.自然环境的)—(n.环境)2.leaf(n.叶子)—(复数)3.produce(v.生产；制造)—(n.产品)4.widely(adv.广泛地)—(adj.宽的；广泛的）5.France(n.法国）—(adj/n.法国的；法语)—(n.法国人)6.Germany(n.德国)—(adj/n.德国的；德语/德国人）7.postman(n.邮递员)—(复数)petitor(n.参赛者；竞争者)—()—(n.比赛；竞赛)9.celebration(n.庆典；庆祝活动)—(v.庆祝)10.lively(adj.生气勃勃的)—(v.生活)11.historical（adj.历史的）—(n.历史)—(n.历史学家)【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空Hetoldusavery___________(live)storyabouthislifeinAfrica.Barley（大麦）isplanted___________(wide)inthisarea.Letthetea___________(leaf)steepinboilingwaterforfiveminutes.Teais___________(produce)inmanydifferentareasinChina.Thereareonlytwo___________(postman)inthepostofficenow.___________(French)isaveryromanticcountrytoenjoyyourlife.I___________(plete)thetasklastFridaywithmyclassmates.BeijingisanAsiancitywiththeGreatWallandalotof___________(history)buildings.Ifyoujointheclub,youhavetofollow___________(it)rules.Everybodyshouldpaymoreattentionto___________(environment)protection.(三)短语攻关：以……闻名；为人知晓 不论；无论 剪纸 据我所知 由……制成（看得出原材料） 在……制造 由……制成（看不出原材料） 交通事故 放风筝变成 派遣；发送 被用来…… 手工 不同种类的 根据 被……覆盖 避免做某事处于困境；遇到麻烦 在高温度下孔明灯知识点梳理知识点梳理1.Isitmadeofsilver?它是银制的吗？【易混辨析】重点：bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadein,bemadeby与bemadeinto短语用法例句bemadeof由……制成（看得出原材料）Thetableismadeofwoodanditismadebymyuncle.bemadefrom由……制成（看不出原材料）Thepaperismadefromwood.bemadein在……制造（in+时间/地点）It’sakindofplanewhichismadeinChina.bemadeby由……制造（by+动作的执行者）Thepapercuttingismadebymygrandmother.bemadeinto被制成……Therubbishcanbemadeintosomethinguseful.【图解助记】【即学即用】1.Yourglovesshouldbemadeleather（皮革）,fortheyfeelsoftandsmooth.2.Thebookcaseismadewoodandpaperismadewood,too.A.of;ofB.of;fromC.from;fromD.from;of2.Chinaisfamousfortea,right?中国因茶而驰名，是吗？【用法详解】befamousfor意为“因……而出名”，for后接出名的原因，相当于。【易混辨析】重点：befamousfor,befamousas与befamoustobefamousfor意为“因……而出名”，后常接表示出名的原因的名词befamousas意为“作为……而出名”，后常接表示身份、地位等的名词befamousto意为“为……所熟知”，后常接表示人的名词【语法串记】Edisonisfamoustotheworld.Heisfamousasagreatinventorandisfamousfortheinventionoflightbulb.爱迪生为世人所熟知，他作为一个伟大的发明家被众人知晓，因电灯泡的发明而家喻户晓。【即学即用】1.—IwenttoZhangjiajieforvacationlastsummer.ItisatowninHunanProvince.—AsfarasIknow,Zhangjiajieit’smountains.A.isknownas B.isknownto C.isknownforD.isfamousto2.Myhometownis(know)forbeautifulmountains.3.Well,asfarasIknow,teaplantsaregrownonthesideofmountains.嗯，据我所知，茶树种植在山坡上。【用法详解】asfarasIknow意为“据我所知”，asfaras是as...as结构，意为“和……一样远”。【拓展延伸】与asfarasIknow结构类似的短语还有：asfarasIcansee依我看asfarasIcansee依我看asfarasIcanremember据我所记得的asfarasIcantell据我所知4.WouldyoubuyacamerainJapan,somebeautifulclothesinFrance...你会在日本买相机，在法国买一些漂亮的衣服......Frenchmann.法国（男）人France(n)法国Frenchadj.法国（人）的；法语的Frenchmann.法国（男）人France(n)法国Frenchadj.法国（人）的；法语的（复数）（复数）【拓展延伸】“某国人变复数”的变化口诀：Chinese→Japanese→Englishman→Frenchman→Chinese→Japanese→Englishman→Frenchman→German→Italian→【即学即用】1.Hewasbornin(French),buthisparentsareBritish.2.OntheSpringFestival,therearemany(China)peopleebacktogettogetherwiththeirfamilies.5.HefounditinterestingthatsomanyproductsinthelocalshopsweremadeinChina.他发现了一个有趣的现象，就是当地商店的许多产品都是中国制造的。【句式剖析】Hefounditinterestingthatsomanyproducts...inChina.【即学即用】Ifindeasytoworkouttheproblem.Icandoitbymyself.A.this B.that 6.HerealizedthatAmericanscanhardlyavoidbuyingproductsmadeinChina.他意识到美国人几乎不可避免会买到中国制造的产品。【用法详解】avoid作动词，意为“避免”，常构成固定结构：避免做某事（重点）Eg.Forsafety,driversmustavoidsmokingwhiledriving.为了安全起见，司机在驾驶期间必须避免抽烟。【归纳总结】初中阶段常见的后可接ving形式作宾语的动词有：enjoy（喜欢）enjoy（喜欢）keep（继续）finish（完成）suggest（建议）practice（练习）avoid（避免）mind（介意）prefer（较喜欢）【即学即用】1.—Whattimedoyougetupinthemorningonschooldays?—Igetupat7:00everymorningtoavoidtheearlybus.A.miss B.missed C.missing D.tomiss2.Imustfinishmyhomeworkbefore10o’clock,becauseIwanttogotobedearlier.A.doing B.todo C.do D.did7.KangJianthinksit’sgreatthatChinaissogoodatmakingtheseeverydaythings.康健认为中国如此擅长制造这些日常用品很了不起。【易混辨析】everyday与everydayeveryday每天的；日常的形容词作定语，修饰名词，用于名词前everyday每天副词短语作状语，修饰动词，常位于句首或句末Eg.Weshouldvaluethetimewespendwithourfamilyandfriendsinoureverydaylives.我们应该珍惜在日常生活中与家人和朋友相处的时间。Manystudentsridebikestoschooleveryday.很多学生每天骑自行车上学。【即学即用】1.—Peopleusemobilephone.—Yes.Theyareveryimportantinourlife.A.everyday;everyday B.everyday;everyday C.everyday;everyday D.everyday;everyday8.Childrenunder18arenotallowedtowatchthisshowwithouttheirparents.未满18岁的孩子没有父母（的陪同）不被允许观看这个节目。【用法详解】be(not)allowedtodosth.（不）被允许做某事，该结构是（not）allowsb.todosth.的被动形式。Eg.Passengersarenotallowedtoeatordrinkwhentheytaketheunderground.乘坐地铁时，乘客不允许吃动词或喝东西。【拓展延伸】重点：allow的常见用法（1）允许某人做某事（2）允许做某事Eg.5GwillallowustodownloadEnglishmoviesfasterthanever.5G将使我们比以往更快地英文电影。Wedon’tallowsmokinginthehall.我们不准（有人）在大厅内吸烟。【即学即用】1.Attention,please!Withoutpermission（允许）,childrenarenotallowedalonehere.A.toswim B.swimmingC.swimD.swam2.Tomysurprise,Daniel’sparentsallowedhimShanghaiDisneylandwithme.A.tovisit B.visiting C.visit 9.Whenthelanternsarelit,theyslowlyriseintotheairlikesmallhotairballoonsforalltosee.灯笼被点燃后，会慢慢升入空中，就像小热气球一样供人们观赏。【用法详解】（1）light在此处作及物动词，其过去式和过去分词均有两种形式，即lit和lighted。light还可作名词，作“光亮；光线”讲时是不可数名词；作“灯”讲时是可数名词。Eg.Theroomgetsenoughlightintheafternoon.房间在下午光线充足。Pleasepayattentiontothetrafficlightswhenwalkingonthestreet.在街上行走时请注意交通信号灯。及物动词：后面可以直接跟宾语；不及物动词：后面不能直接跟宾语，需要加上介词才能跟宾语（2）rise作不及物动词，意为“上升；攀升”，过去式为，过去分词为。riseinto意为“升入”。及物动词：后面可以直接跟宾语；不及物动词：后面不能直接跟宾语，需要加上介词才能跟宾语Eg.Theplaneroseslowlyintotheair.飞机慢慢升入空中。【易混辨析】rise与raiserise为不及物动词，意为“上升；攀升，”，不能用于被动语态。表示物体自身移向较高的位置，如太阳升起、河水上涨、价格上涨等。raise为及物动词，意为“举起；抬高”，表示人为地移动，如举手、升国旗等。Eg.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳东升西落。Heraisedhishandwhentheteacheraskedthequestion.老师问那个问题的时候，他举起了手。【即学即用】—Thepriceofvegetablessoquicklythesedays..—Oh,no,butIdon’tthinkso.A.afford B.rises 10.ThepiecesareusuallycutechildrenorlivelycharactersfromaChinesefairytaleorhistoricalstory.这些作品通常是些可爱的孩子或来自中国童话故事或历史故事中的生气勃勃的人物。【易混辨析】lively,alive,living与livelively意为“生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的”，可修饰人或物，用作定语或表语alive意为“活着的”，用于修饰人或动植物，常作表语、补足语或后置定语living意为“活着的”，修饰人或物，常作表语或定语，作表语时相当于alivelive意为“活的；现场直播的”，此时读作/laɪv/,可修饰人或物，一般只作前置定语Eg.Thisisalive/livingfish.=Thisisafishalive.这是一条活鱼。Thisfishisalive/living.这条鱼是活的。Thelivingaremoreimportanttousthanthedead.活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。【即学即用】1.Sheisa(n)girlwithpatience.Wealllikeher.A.living B.alive C.lively 2.Mr.Zhanghasastrangewayofmakinghisclassesandinteresting.11.Ittakesseveralweekstopleteeverything.完成这一切需要花费几周的时间。【用法详解】（1）plete作及物动词，意为“完成”，其同义词是finish。plete还可作形容词，意为“完整的；完全的”，其副词形式为，意为“完全地”。Eg.Hemadeapletesentencewiththenewword.他用新单词造了一个完整的句子。I’msorry.Ipletelyforgetthatitwasyourbirthdayyesterday.很抱歉，我完全忘记了昨天是你的生日。（2）重点：Ittakes/tooksb./sth.sometimetodosth意为“做某事花费某人/某物……时间”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。Eg.Ittakesabouteightminutesforthelighttotravelfromthesuntotheearth.光从太阳到地球大约需要八分钟。【即学即用】1.Ican’ttheworkontime.Ineedyourhelp.A.accept B.requireC.admire 2.IttookJeanaboutaweekthepopularsoapopera.A.watch B.towatch C.watching D.towatching12.Whatwereskylanternsusedforbeforeandwhataretheyusedfornow?以前孔明灯被用来做什么？现在被用来做什么？【用法详解】beusedfor为被动结构，意为“被用来……”，for后常接名词、代词或动词ing形式，表示用途或目的。beusedfordoingsth=beusedtodosth“被用来做某事”【拓展延伸】beusedas意为“被用作……”，as是介词，意为“作为；当作”beusedby意为“被……使用”，by是介词，意为“被”，后接动作的执行者Eg.Englishisusedasabusinesslanguageinmanycountries.在许多国家，英语被用作商务语言。putersareusedbymanypeopleallovertheworld.电脑被世界各地的人所使用。课堂小测一、单项选择1.—WasthatfishbowlmadeXi’an?—Yes.Andit’smadeglass.A.from;of B.in;ofC.by;in D.in;from2.Lookatthewalls.Theyarewithpaintings.Theowneroftheroommustlovepainting.A.washed B.hidden C.repaired 3.Ittookthepolicementhreedaysthemissingboy.Theboy’sparentswerethankfultothem.A.find B.finding C.tofind 4.—Thosepeopleinearthquakeareasare.Let’ssosomethingtohelpthem.—Maybewecanholdacharityshowtoraisemoneyforthem.A.introuble B.inperson C.infact D.inpublic5.Bob,youshouldwearwarmclothestoavoidacold.A.catch B.caught C.catchingD.tocatch6.PingyaoliesincentralShanxiProvince.Ititsoldcitywallsandstreets.A.isgoodat B.isgoodfor C.isknownas D.isknownfor7.TheInternetmakespossibleforpeopletosendandreceiveinformationathighspeedandalowcost.A.them B.that C.it D.this8.Tomakeclassesinterestingand,ateacherusedWeChatinclassinaschoolinHangzhou.A.lively B.silly C.usual D.noisyinourcityisgettingmuchheavierbecausemoreandmorepeoplehaveprivatecars.A.tradition B.environment C.traffic D.business10.Manyforeignerscametoourschoollastweek,includingthreeandfour.A.German;American B.Germans;American C.Germans;Americans D.German;Americans11.HehasagoodknowledgeofAmericanculturebecausehehastraveledinNorthandSouthAmerica.A.seriously B.wiselyC.widely 12.—AreJiangsuandZhejiangfamousforsilk?—Ithinkso.Iknow,morethanhalfofthesilkinChinaisproducedinJiangsuandZhejiang.A.Aslongas B.Asfaras C.AswellasD.Assoonas13.Thesemachinesareusuallyusedtheworkersinthefactory.A.for B.to C.as 14.Thebirdarestillafterthelongandcoldwinter.Nowtheybeeagain.A.lively;live B.living;alive C.alive;lively D.lively;alive15.Nomatterhappens,youknowthatIwillalwaysbetheretohelpyou.二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Shetriedtoavoid(meet)himbecausehealwaysboredher.2.AsfarasIknow,Chineseis(wide)spokenallovertheworld.3.Itusuallytakeshimhalfanhour(get)toschoolonfoot.4.Mymotherboughtmeapairof(glove),whichcankeepmyhandswarminwinter.5.The(leaf)ofthetreeturnyellowinautumn.6.Howmany(pete)arethereinthematch?7.Look!Therearesomany(Germany)singingoverthere.8.Thetouristswereamazedatthenatural(beautiful)ofthesmallcity.9.MariesoonlearnedtospeakFrenchaftershearrivedin(French).10.Asadesigner,Clairehopesthatthose(product)canhelpmakeothershappy.将下列句子中汉语部分译成英语，注意使用适当形式It’ssaidthattheGreatWallwasbuilt.（用手）John,youwereinBeijinglastweek.（根据）howmanydifficultieswehave,webelievethatallproblemscanbesolvedintheend.（无论）BeijingitsRoastDuck.（因……而出名）Chineseiswellknownallovertheworld.（剪纸）Ifyouobeythe,therewillbefeweraccidents.（交通规则）,Yunnanprovinceisfamousfortea.（就我所知）Mostoftheearth’ssurfacewater.（被……覆盖）WheneverIwas,myfriendswouldeandhelpmeout.（处于困境）Sharedbikespeopleinmanyplaces.（被……使用）阅读理解Chinesepaintingisoneoftheoldestartformsintheworld.PaintinginthetraditionalstyleisknowntodayinChineseasGuohua.TraditionalChinesepaintingisdonewithabrushdipped（浸）inblackorcoloredink（墨水）.Paperandsilkarealsoneededforpainting.Thefinishedworkcanbeputonscrolls（轴）.TraditionalChinesepaintingincludeslandscape（山水）painting,figures（人物）,birdandflowers.LandscapepaintingisregardedasthehighestformofChinesepainting.Chinesefolk（民间的）musicisanimportantpartofChineseculture.Ithasalonghistory.OneoftheConfucianismClassics（儒家经典）ShiJing,containsmanyfolksongs.Theyaremuchlovedbypeopleuptonow.TraditionalChinesemusicalinstrumentsaresymbolsofChineseculture,suchasguqin,guzheng,pipa,erhu,xiaoandchime（编钟）.ShengandsuonaarealsopopularinnorthernvillagesinChina.Xi’andrummusicislargetraditionaldrummusic.ItisavaluablepartofChineseancientmusic,andisregardedasthe“livingfossil（化石）ofChineseancientmusic”intheworld.（）1.PeopleusuallyusefordoingtraditionalChinesepainting.①brushes ②ink ③colorpencils ④paper ⑤silkA.①②③④ B.②③④⑤ C.①②③⑤ D.①②④⑤（）2.ThehighestformofChinesepaintingis.A.landscapepainting B.figuresC.birdandflowers D.trees（）3.Theunderlinedword“contain”means.A.hold B.control C.prevent D.include（）4.iscalledthe“livingfossilofChineseancientmusic”intheworld.A.Folkmusic B.CountrymusicC.Ancientmusic D.Xi’andrummusic（）5.Thetwoparagraphsaboveareabout.A.Chinesemusic B.ChinesepaintingC.Chineseculture D.Chinesehistory语法精讲语法精讲一般现在时的被动语态一、语法概述英语动词有两种语态：主动语态（TheActiveVoice）和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice），主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。其人称、数和时态的变化都是通过助动词be的不同形式表现出来的。一般现在时的被动语态的谓语形式为“am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词”。Eg.Thisjacketismadeofcotton.这件夹克衫是棉料的。Manytreesareplantedbyuseveryyear.我们每年种许多树。三、一般现在时的被动语态的句式结构肯定句主语+am/is/are+过去分词（+by...）否定句主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词（+by...）一般疑问句Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词（+by...）?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+过去分词（+by...）?Eg.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.许多人说英语。Theyaren’tallowedtogointothehouse.不许他们进入这所房子。IsthecarmadebyaJapanesepany?这辆汽车是由一家日本公司制造的吗？Whatisthiskindofsweatermadeof?这种毛衣是由什么制成的？【即学即用】句型转换，每空一词1.ThreepartsofthebookarewritteninEnglish.（改为一般疑问句）threepartsofthebookinEnglish?2.Thosetreesarewateredcarefully.（改为否定句）Thosetreescarefully.3.ThiskindofflowerisgrowninthesouthofChina.（改为一般疑问句）thiskindofflowerinthesouthofChina?四、不能使用被动语态的情况1.look,sound,smell,taste等系动词，用主动形式表示被动含义。Eg.Theorangejuicetastesstrange.Doyouthinkit’sOKtodrink?橙汁尝起来很奇怪。你认为它可以喝吗？need,want以及短语beworth等后接动词ing时，用主动形式表示被动含义。Eg.Myflowersneedwatering.我的花需要浇水。内在“品质”或“性能”的不及物动词，如write,wash,sell,read,clean,drive等，它们的主语为物时，用主动形式表示被动含义。Eg.Thiskindofskirtsellswellhere.这种裙子在这里很好卖。4.不及物动词或词组没有被动结构，如takeplace（发生）,happen（发生）,eabout（发生）,breakout（爆发）,appear（出现）,disappear（消失）,last（持续）等。【即学即用】Thiskindofpenandisalsoverycheap.Ithinkyoucanbuysome.A.writeswellB.writesgoodC.iswrittenwellD.iswrittengood五、主动语态和被动语态的转化主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤如下：1.确定主动句的主语、谓语和宾语；2.把主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语，若主动句里的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为主格；3.把谓语变成被动结构“be+动词的过去分词”，但时态不改变；主动语态Icleanmyroom.主动语态Icleanmyroom.被动语态Myroomiscleanedbyme.【即学即用】句型转换，每空一词1.MyPEteacherteachesmeChinesekungfu.（改为被动语态）Chinesekungfuby.2.Englishisspokenbymanypeopleallovertheworld.（改为主动语态）Manypeopleallovertheworld.语法小测一、单项选择1.—I’mtiredofcleaningthehouse.—Sweepingrobotsmoreandmorewidelytoday.Whynotbuyone?A.areused B.wereused C.areusing 2.—Doyouknowthefamousartistinred?—Sure.Hetotheartfestivalinourcityeveryyear.A.invites B.invited C.isinvited D.wasinvited3.IlearnttoswimwhenIwassix.Ibymymother.A.amtaught B.wastaught C.willbetaught D.havetaught4.Chinesebymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.A.isspoken B.speak C.speakingD.wasspoken5.—Whyareyouleavingyourjob?—Ican’tstanditanylonger.Ialwaystoworkingovertime.A.am;asking B.am;askedC.was;asking D.was;asked6.—Ienjoywalkingonthecleanstreetsinthemorning.—Youknowtheybythehardworkingcleanerseveryday.A.clean B.arecleaned C.arecleaning D.willclean7.Iwon’tgotoherpartyunlessmybestfriendJack.A.willinvite B.willbeinvited C.isinvitedD.invites8.Alargenumberofdoctorstosomepoorcountriesbyourgovernmenteveryyeartohelpthepeoplethere.A.send B.aresentC.issent D.weresent9.Thestudentsinthisschooltochoosetheirownschooluniforms.A.areallowed B.al