词性,名词,人称代词

一、词性的分类词是组成句，篇，章的最基本元素，英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类，可以归纳成十种。英语名称作用例词名词Noun(n.)表示人或事物的名称student学生；China中国代词Pronoun(pron.)用来代替名词、形容词或数词等He他;that那数词Numeral(num.)表示数量或顺序one一;first第一形容词Adjective(adj.)用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质safe安全；great伟大冠词Article(art.)用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物an，a，the动词Verb(v.)表示人或事物的动作或状态eat吃;have有;run跑副词Adverb(adv.)用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性hard艰苦；here这里；often经常；quickly快速介词Preposition(prep.)用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系under在...下;in在...里；on在…上面连词Conjunction(conj.)用来连接词、短语或句子and和；but但是感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示说话时的感情或口气Hello喂；why呃，嘿在上述十大词类中，名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词等具有明确的意义，可以在句中独立充当句子成分，称为实义词。介词、连词和冠词只能起联系或辅助的作用，都不在句子中担任任何成分，称为虚词。感叹词一般不构成句子的一部分，通常作独立成分。说出下歹U单词的词性：restaurant；bus；well;often；because;exercise；hardly；theirs;ah;shop；once；through;time；most；no；active；for；one;about;it;junk;hey;drink;over;health;try;another;ten;classroom;first;a;keep;to;let;yourself一，名词一.名词分类：名词分为普通名词和专有名词1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词（1）可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词△个体名词：表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher,student,boy,book,bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。单数表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a或an。如abook（一本书）、anapple（一个苹果）、anorange（一个橘子）等。复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如twopencils（两枝铅笔）、threeweeks（三周）等。△集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people,family,class,clothes复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。规则名词复数形式的构成词形复数形式的构成方法例词大多数名词在词尾加-s。（在清辅首后读［s］，在浊辅首及元音后读［z］。）cat catsbook---booksdog——dogs

bag bagsboy---boys以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词在词尾加-es,读作[iz]。glass glassesmatch matches以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把y变成i,加-es，读作[iz]city cities但专有名词例外，直接在y后加-s，读作[z]Canadian CanadiansAmerican Americans以f或fe结尾的名词有的直接加-s,读作[z]roof roofs大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作[z]leaf leaveswife wivesknife—knivesyourself---yourselves不规则名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点例词通过改变词内元音字母man menfoot feettooth teethmouse mice（老鼠）通过在词尾加-en或-renox oxen（牛）child children单复数形式相同asheep twosheepadeer twodeer（鹿）aChinese twoChinese（中国人）aJapanese-twoJapaneseameans---twomeans以o结尾，在后加esPotato,tomato,hero注意事项：只能用于复数形式的名词有:clothes,trousers,pants,shoes,socks单数名词用于复数含义:people,public,police特殊名词的讲解：⑴people作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。There_amfivepeopleinmyfamily.我家有五口人。Therearefifty-sixpeoplesinourcountry.我们国家有56个民族。⑵clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例：Myfavoriteclothesarepants.⑶pants,shoes,glasses,shorts，scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用apairof表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。

例：Yourpantsareblue.Thispairofpantsjsmine.⑷集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数；指成员时，谓语用复数。Hisfamilyisalargefamily,指整体 Hisfamilylikeanimals,指成员⑸有的名词单复数意思不同：例：hair和fruit通常作单数，表示总体。Myhairisblack,我的头发是黑色的。Ilikefruit.Itsgood我喜欢＞水果，水果对你的身体有好处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式.Dannyhasthreehairs.丹尼有三根头发。Shelikespears,peachesandotherfruits.他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词△物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee,hair,juice,water,rice△抽象名词：表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health,happiness,help注意事项：不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与a/an或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some,any,no,alittle等词。如;somewater/applejuice/milk当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词+量词+Of+名词来表述。用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数；然后要注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数,可数时用复数，如：onebagofrice. onekiloofapples.tenbagsofrice. tenkilosofapples.常用量词：apieceof一张(一片，块)acupof一茶怀aglassof一玻璃杯apileof(pilesandpilesof)一一堆(一堆堆的) aboxof一盒acopyof一份，一本abowlof一碗apairof一双abasketof一篮aplateof一盘abottleof一瓶somealittleabitmuchmanyalotofafew★对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用howmany；对不可数名词的数量提问要用howmuch，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用howmany。如：Iwouldliketwoapples,—Howmanyappleswouldyoulike?Iwantsomebread,—Howmuchbreaddoyouwant?Iwantthreeglassesofwater.—Howmanyglassesofwaterdoyouwant?询问价格用Howmuch，如：Howmuchisthecoat? Howmucharethecoats?2.专有名词：表示人，地方，机构，事物，组织等专用名词的词。如Jane,China,UN,BBC二.名词的所有格所有格的构成：1.有生命的名词所有格的构成：1.有生命的名词★有生命的名词+时间（1）一般单数名词后加's.如：mybrother'sbook,Jack'scat,thegirl'spen（2） 以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加„。如：girl's，teachers'注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加's.如：women'sclothes.（3） 如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加's，如：TomandPeter'sroom 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有）（4） 如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加's.如：Tom'sandPeter'srooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）★无生命名词：无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：thewindowsoftheroom（房间的窗户）apictureofthehorse（一张马的照片）名词习题1.house2.toy3.zoo4.orange5.bag6.exercise7.brush8.family9.bus10.city11.box12.baby13.class14.factory15.glass16.dictionary17.watch18.woman19.match20.man21.this22.German23.tomato24.policeman25.kilo26.human27.potato28.Chinese29.shelf30.Japanese31.leaf32.American33.life34.tooth35.wife36.foot37.knife38.sheep39.half40.child41.tooth42.mouth二.选择填空：1.Iwanttobuy .A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks2.Theydon'thavetodo today.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks3.Therearethreeandseven inthepicture.A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps4.June1is .A.children'sdayB.children'sDayC.Children'sDayD.Children'sday5. roomisnexttotheirparents'.一.写出下列名词的复数形式：A.Kate'sandJoan'sB.Kate'sandJoanC.KateandJoan'sD.KateandJoan

6.MissGreenisafriendofA.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smotherC.Marymother'sD.mother'sofMary8.I'dliketohaveaglassofmilkand .A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread9.Many aresingingoverthere.A.womanB.womenC.girlD.child10.Hebought .A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofshoeD.twopairofshoe11.Mr.Whitehasthree .A.childB.childrenC.childsD.childrens12.---Arethese?---No,theyaren't.They're.A.sheep,cowsB.sheep,cowC.sheeps,cowD.sheeps,cows13.Therearemany__ inthefridge.A.fishB.fruitC.eggsD.bread14.---Whoseroomisthis?---It's .A.LiMingB.LiMing'sC.LiMingsD.LiMings'15.Hereare foryou,Sue.A.potatosB.somepotatoesC.threetomatosD.sometomato16.Herearesomebirthdaycardswithourbest forher.A.wishB.hopeC.wishesD.hopes17.Ialwaysgotothat tobuyfoodonSunday.A.shopB.parkC.zooD.garden18. roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily'sC.Lucy'sandLilyD.Lucy'sandLily's19.Mum,I'mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme .A.twoorangeB.twobottleoforangesC.twobottlesoforangeD.twobottlesoforanges20.10.Thecatcaughttwo lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices21.Imetsome intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.A.JanpanesesB.AmericanC.ChinesesD.English22.Therearetwointheroom.A.shelfB.shelfsC.shelfesD.shelves23.Thereareseveninaweek.A.yearsB.monthsC.daysD.minutes24.Myfatherisa .Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.writer25.---Excuseme,areyou ?---Yes,I'mfrom.A.Japan,JapaneseB.China,ChineseC.England,English D.American,America26.Theyare jackets. A.Lucy'sB.Lucy'27.Whatcoloriscoat.A.Peter'sB.Peter'28.Thesearebooks.A.teachers'sB.teachers'29.TheyareicecreamsA.children'B.children's30.Thisis bag.A.TomandPeter'B.Tom'sandPeter's31.Whereare.A.theschool'sstudentsB.studentsoftheschool32.Thoseare bags.A.drivers'sB.drivers'33.Thisbagis .A.Mary'sandTom'sB.MaryandTom'sfathersarecoming.A.Mary'sandKate'sB.Mary'sandKateC.MaryandKate'sHowarethesebooks? A.manyB.muchHowglassesofwaterdoyouwant?A.manyB.muchThisis.A.MikeandJim'sbikeB.Mike'sandJimbikeC.Mike'sandJim'sbikeD.MikeandJimbikeTheseare.A.AmyandLingling'sroomB.Amy'sandLingling'sroomC.Amy'sandLingling'srooms D.AmyandLingling'sroomMybigandmyhappy.A.familyisfamilyareB.familyisfamiliesare三.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空Ihavealotoftodo.(homework)Thereareseveninaweek.(day)Howmanycanyousee?(tomato)MissGuoiswearingapairof.(glass)Therearefiveinthepicture.(child)Therearetwooverthere.(bench)Iliketaking.(photo)lcanseetwostandingthere.(woman)Therearetwobasketsofonthefloor.(apple)Therearethree.(knife)Howmany(sheep)arethereonthehill?Thereissome(food)inthebasket.Thebabyhasonlytwo(tooth)now.Thereisalotof(water)inthebottle.Therearefive(people)inhisfamily.Let'stake(photo),OK?The(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.The(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.Their(dictionary)areverynew.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite(hair).Theyare(woman)doctors.Canyougivemesomebottlesof(orange),please?Therearemany(fox)inthepicture.Iwouldlikesomeapple(juice).Iamverythirsty.六.翻译下列词组一瓶牛奶一杯茶一双鞋子两条裤子三杯桔子汁六包盐五千克鸡蛋一些面包一点水一袋大米三篮子苹果一碗面条四盒子书七本英语书五袋子大米八条新闻一箱香蕉三杯橘汁几个男孩许多人很多水代词1＞人称代词和物主代词用法1） 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语2） 人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或在介词后、be动词后宾语，3）形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用在名词前。 （黑体为形容词性物主代词）例：1.Thisismybook.这是我的书4）名词性物主代词起名词的作用。 （黑体为名词性物主代词）例：1.Lookatthetwopencils.Theredoneisyoursandtheblueoneismine.看那两支铅笔，红的是你的，蓝的是我的。5） 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，例：Mybagisyellow,herbagisred,hisbagisblueandyourbagispink.可写成Mybagisyellow,hersisred,hisisblueandyoursispink.顺序人称代词为单数时，按第二人称、第三人称、第一人称排列。如，You,sheandIaregoodfriends.PeterandIalllikereading.1.人称代词为复数时，按第一人称、第二人称、第三人称排列。如，Weyouandtheyareplayingsoccertogether.注意：（1）若要承担责任或过失时，则通常将第一人称放在前面。如：ItwasIandTomwhowerelate.迟到的是我和汤姆。（2）表示男女的代词并排使用时，通常是先男后女。如：Nobodylikessuchthingsexcepthimandher.除了他和她，没有喜欢那样的东西。使用人称代词的几个注意点⑴指代国家、城市、地球、船舶、（雌性）动物等时，一般用代词it，但也可用she/her（带感情色彩）。如：Mycar’snotfast,butshedoes50milestothegallon.我的车不快，但每加仑油它能跑50英里。（2）当上文提到的人的性别不明时，一般用he/him来指代。如：Whoevertoldyouthat,hewaslying.无论谁对你那样说，他都在说谎。Ifapersonhadsomuchmoney,hewoulddoitinanotherway.要是一个人有那么多钱，他就会用另外一种方法做这事。人称代词练习我你他她它我们你们他们主格宾格我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性名词性一.填空Let(I)help(you).2.Let(we)go.3.(I)arestudents.4.Ican'tfind(they). 5.Give(he)thebook.一洼花—、选择areinthesameclass.A.HerandmeB.SheandlC.MeandherD.landsheTomfoundinterestingtoclimbhills.A.itB.it’isC.thatD.this3.Ourteacherthinkareright. A.oursB.ourselvesC.WeD.ushavebeeninvitedtotheParty.A.He,IandyouB.I,youandheC.You,IandheD.You,heandI三、用适当形式填空A:(1)Arethese(you)pencils?Yes,theyare(our).—Whoseisthispencil?—It's(I).Ilove(they)verymuch.(4)Sheis(I)classmate.B:用所给词的适当形式填空。1.MsDingteaches (we)maths.2.Bobloves (he)motherverymuch.Dotheyknow (they)newteacher?4.Ihavealovelycat, (it)nameisCarl.Jimisaverygoodboy.Wealllike(he).TheboyunderthetreeisHenry.Thisis(he)bike.Shedoesn'tlike(she)newdressatall.Whobought(买)itfor(she)?Whoisthemanoverthere?is(we)headmaster.9.Isthisredcoatyours?No,isyellow.四、 根据提示填空1.Whereare我的shoes?2.Arethose你的shoes?3.他 looksupat她. 4.Couldyoucomeandplaywith我?Icanhelp他 with他的English.6.Doyoulike她?我们的teacherasks我们tostudyhard.Whydoyoumake他们sittherequiet?谁的caristhis?It's她的五、 用括号中的适当形式填空Arethese(you)pencils?Yes,theyare(our).一Whoseisthispencil? 一It's(I).Ilove(they)verymuch.(4)Sheis(I)classmate.MissLioftenlooksafter(she)brother.—Arethese(they)bags？一No,theyaren't(their).Theyare(we).六、 选择填空1、 Thesearepensandarepencils.(that,this,those)2、 Tomwassickyesterday.iswhyhemissedschool.(That,Those,These)3、 WhichofshirtsareTom's(These,this,that)4、 Thisdeskismine,ishers.(those,this,that)5、 ThemapofBeijingisbetterthanofTianjing.(this,that,these)6、 (He,Her,His)maneisJack..(She,He,His)isacook.7、 (I,My,Mine)auntisanurse.(She,He.Her)worksveryhard.8、 Pleaseshow(me,I,mine)theway.9、 Thebooksaren't(my,mine,I).(They,It,Its)maybe(her,hers,your)10、 Let(I,me,mine)tell(her,she,hers)howtodoit.11、 Help(you,your,yourself)tosomefish,please.12、 Don'ttell(he,him,his)theanswer.(I,Me,Us)believethat(he,him,his)canworkouttheproblem(he,himself,him)13、 It'sgoingtosnow,"theoldwomansayto.(her,herself,hers)14、 Theladyunderthetreeis(mine,my,me)aunt.(She,Her,Herself)oftensingsEnglishsongswith(her,hers,she)husband.15、 Afriendof(me,my,mine)cametohelp(I,me,mine)with(mine,my,I)homeworkyesterdayafternoon.16、 Becarefulnottomake(you,your,yourself)dirty.七、 单项选择Sheisastudent,nameisJulia.A.itsB.herC.hersD.hisCouldyouhelpwithEnglish,please.A.I,myB.me,meC.me,myD.my,IAfriendofcamehereyesterday.A.myB.hisC.himD.himselfpencil-boxisbeautiful.Butismorebeautifulthan.A.Toms,my,heB.To