版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
SAT备考资料
-
PAGE
3
-
ESSAY
Time—25minutes
Turntopage2ofyouranswersheettowriteyourESSAY.
Theessaygivesyouanopportunitytoshowhoweffectivelyyoucandevelopandexpressideas.Youshould,therefore,takecaretodevelopyourpointofview,presentyourideaslogicallyandclearly,anduselanguageprecisely.
Youressaymustbewrittenonthelinesprovidedonyouranswersheet—youwillreceivenootherpaperonwhichtowrite.Youwillhaveenoughspaceifyouwriteoneveryline,avoidwidemargins,andkeepyourhandwritingtoareasonablesize.Rememberthatpeoplewhoarenotfamiliarwithyourhandwritingwillreadwhatyouwrite.Trytowriteorprintsothatwhatyouarewritingislegibletothosereaders.
Youhavetwenty-fiveminutestowriteanessayonthetopicassignedbelow.DONOTWRITEONANOTHERTOPIC.ANOFF-TOPICESSAYWILLRECEIVEASCOREOFZERO.
Thinkcarefullyabouttheissuepresentedinthefollowingexcerptandtheassignmentbelow.
Manypeoplebelievethat"closeddoorsmakeuscreative."Thesepeoplearguethatobstaclesandrestrictionsarenecessary,forwithoutthemwewouldneverbeforcedtocomeupwithnewsolutions.But"closeddoors,"eitherintheformofspecificobstaclesoralackofopportunities,oftenpreventpeoplefromreachingtheirfullcreativepotential.
Assignment: Docloseddoorsmakeuscreative?Planandwriteanessayinwhichyoudevelopyourpointofviewonthisissue.Supportyourpositionwithreasoningandexamplestakenfromyourreading,studies,experience,orobservations.
DONOTWRITEYOURESSAYINYOURTESTBOOK.Youwillreceivecreditonlyforwhatyouwriteonyouranswersheet.
BEGINWRITINGYOURESSAYONPAGE2OFTHEANSWERSHEET.
Ifyoufinishbeforetimeiscalled,youmaycheckyourworkonthissectiononly.
Donotturntoanyothersectioninthetest.
NOTESTMATERIALONTHISPAGE
-
PAGE
6
-
SECTION2
Time—25minutes24Questions
TurntoSection2(page4)ofyouranswersheettoanswerthequestionsinthissection.
Directions:Foreachquestioninthissection,selectthebestanswerfromamongthechoicesgivenandfillinthecorrespondingcircleontheanswersheet.
Thegardenthathadremained formonthswas
nowpleasantlyenlivenedbythebuddingshootsofitsperennialflowers.
redolent (B)dormant (C)exuberant
(D)compliant (E)trenchant
Afterseveralmonthsoftraining,the young
spanielwasfinally enoughtobewalkedsafely
withoutaleash.
eager..unruly
placid..defiant
clever..helpful
boisterous..docile
vigilant..convinced
asMario’smisdeedwas,hisgrandmother,
alwaysblindtohisfaults,pretendedtobeunawareofit.
Accidental(B)Apt
Random (D)Flagrant
Covert
Despitehis desiretoshowoff,heremainedat
Eachsentencebelowhasoneortwoblanks,eachblankindicatingthatsomethinghasbeenomitted.BeneaththesentencearefivewordsorsetsofwordslabeledAthroughE.Choosethewordorsetofwordsthat,wheninsertedinthesentence,bestfitsthemeaningofthesentenceasawhole.
Example:
Hopingto thedispute,negotiatorsproposed
acompromisethattheyfeltwouldbe toboth
laborandmanagement.
enforce..useful
end..divisive
overcome..unattractive
extend..satisfactory
resolve..acceptable
heartavery person.
uncharacteristic..demonstrative
inexplicable..hedonistic
occasional..reticent
continual..transparent
blatant..exhibitionistic
Theemployerblamedthestaffmember'slackofproductivityon ratherthanincompetence,
claimingthatthemanknewhowtodohisjobbutwastoolazytoapplyhimself.
infatuation (B)tension
indigence (D)indolence
ineptitude
Theaudiencerecognizedtheofficer’scharacteristic
whenheattributedhisachievementsto
ratherthanbravery.
pedantry..chance
gallantry..whimsy
humility..fortune
bravado..accident
effrontery..discretion
Thestrong theprofessorwasabletoestablish
withhisstudentsmadehim confidantforthose
oncampusseekingadvicebeyondthepurelyacademic.
program..anoccasional
rapport..arespected
confidence..anunappreciated
community..anunusual
ambition..avalued
AfterDavidlefthimwaitingforthethirdconsecutivetime,Kirkrealizedthatthesamebehaviorhehadinitiallyvaluedasspontaneousandcarefreewas,infact,simply --.
capricious (B)incontrovertible
extraneous (D)captivating
inscrutable
Thepassagesbelowarefollowedbyquestionsbasedontheircontent;questionsfollowingapairofrelatedpassagesmayalsobebasedontherelationshipbetweenthepairedpassages.Answerthequestionsonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassagesandinanyintroductorymaterialthatmaybeprovided.
Questions9-10arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Questions11-12arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Line5
10
15
Whatwasmostlikelytheoriginalpurposeofthehumanappendix?Expertscanonlytheorizeonitsuse.Itmayhavehadthesamepurposeithasinpresent-dayherbivores,whereitharborscoloniesofbacteriathathelpinthedigestionofcellulose.Anothertheorysuggeststhattonsilsandtheappendixmightmanufacturetheantibody-producingwhitebloodcellscalledBlymphocytes;however,Blymphocytescouldalsobeproducedbybonemarrow.Thethirdtheoryisthattheappendixmay“attract”bodyinfectionsinordertolocalizetheinfectioninonespotthatisnotcriticaltobodyfunctioning.
Theauthorofthepassageusesquotationmarksinline13inordertoindicatethat
thistheoryistheonewithwhichtheauthormostnearlyagrees
thistheoryislessscientificallyvalidthantheothertheoriesinthepassage
acommonwordisbeingusedtodescribeauniquebiologicalprocess
awordisbeingusedinahumorousway
adirectquotationfromanothersourceisbeingused
Howdoesthetheorydescribedinlines3-7primarilydifferfromtheothertwotheoriesdescribedinthepassage?
Itpertainsonlytoplants.
Itconcernsaphysicalprocessthatoccursinmorethanoneareaofthehumanbody.
Itisatheorysupportedbymoreexpertsinthefieldthanaretheothertwotheories.
Itisconcernedwiththepreventionofdisease.
Itmakesreferencetoaprocesspresentlyoccurringinotheranimals.
Line5
10
15
Onehazardinhistoricalstudyis
thenecessityofdividingthewholeintosegments,sincenoteverythingcanbeexaminedsimultaneously.Commonwaysofdividinghistoryarebyperiod,country,topic,artisticorpoliticalmovement,ortheme.Eachofthesecanbejustified,butallhavetheirshortcomings.Whendivisionsaremadeaccordingtocountry,theinterconnectionsamongeventsoccurringintwoormorecountriesmaygounnoticedorremainunexplored.Divisionintotimeperiodsmayinterruptorobscureongoingdevelopments,ormaygiveundueemphasistosomeeventortypeofactivity(especiallywarorpolitics)ascrucialinmarkingtheendorbeginningofaperiodormovement.
Whichofthefollowingismostanalogoustothe“hazard”theauthorseesinthe“division”ofhistoricalstudy?
Alawyeracceptscasesintoomanydifferentareasoflegalpractice.
Ateachermustcopewithlargeclasssizesandisunabletogivestudentssufficientindividualinstruction.
Abiologiststudieslargeareasofforestbutfailstoexamineindepththenestingsiteofaspecificbirdspecies.
Anartistproducesworksinmanydifferentmedia,butdoesnotexcelinanyonemedium.
Adoctordiagnosesoneailmentbutoverlookselementsofthepatient’soverallhealth.
Theauthorimplieswhichofthefollowingabout“war”and“politics”inhistoricalstudies(line16)?
Theymakethestudyofinternationalmovementsdifficult.
Theyserveprimarilyasaconveniencetothereader.
Theyaremorehelpfultouseindefiningperiodsthanindefiningmovements.
Theyareequallyimportanttohistoriansandtoreaders.
Theyarecommonlyusedtodefinehistoricalperiods.
Line5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Questions14-25arebasedonthefollowingpassages.
Thefollowingpassagesdiscussatypeoffilmcalledfilmnoir,which,accordingtomostfilmhistorians,haditshighpointaroundthetimeoftheSecondWorldWar(1939-1945).
Passage1
Eventhoughfilmsnowcalledfilmnoirbycriticshavebeenmadein
Hollywoodsince1939,filmnoirasagenredidnotexistuntil1946.InthatyearanexhibitionofAmericanmovieswasheldinParis,andFrenchfilmcriticsgottheirfirstlookatwhathadbeengoingoninHollywoodsincetheadventofWorldWar
II.AmongthefilmsshownwereLaura;TheMalteseFalcon;Murder,MySweet;DoubleIndemnity;andTheWomanintheWindow.ThosefivefilmssharedenoughtraitsthatcriticNinoFrankgavethemanewclassification:filmnoir,orliterally,“blackfilm.”Thetraitstheysharedwerebothstylisticandthematic.Theyweredarkinbothlookandmood.Theirprimaryactiontookplaceatnightonrain-sweptcitystreets,innarrowash-canalleys,inclaustrophobicdiners,andindingy,shadowyhotelroomswithneonsignsflashingoutsidethewindows,roomsinwhich,ashard-boiledauthorNelsonAlgrenonceputit,“everybedyourentmakesyouanaccessorytosomebodyelse’sshadypast.”Thecharactersinthesefilmswerebookies,conmen,killers,cigarettegirls,crookedcops,down-and-outboxers,andcalculating,scheming,
andverydeadlywomen.Thewell-lit,singingandtap-dancing,happy-endingworldofthe1930’shadintenshortyearsbecomeahostile,orderlessplaceinwhichalienation,obsession,andparanoiaruled.Theuniverseseemedtoconspiretodefeatandentraptheinhabitantswhowanderedblindlythroughit.Theywerevictimsoffate,theirownworstenemieswho,lookingforascore,endedbydefeatingthemselves.
Thefivefilmsmentionedearlierthatwereshownatthe1946exhibition
weretheonestheFrenchcritiqued.Thesehigh-budgetstudioproductionsmostcommonlycometothepublic’smindwhen
thewordnoirismentionedbecausetheyarecitedmostofteninthespateofcontemporarybooksthathaverecentlybeenpublishedonthesubject.Butthe
50noircycle,althoughkick-startedbythesuccessofthosehigh-budgetproductions,actuallyhaditsrootsintheBmovie,inparticular,intheBcrimemovie.FilmnoirwasmadetoorderfortheB,orlow-
55budget,partofthemoviedoublebill.1Itwascheapertoproducebecauseitrequiredlesslightingandsmallercastsandusuallyentailedstorylinesthatrequiredlimited-scalesets—anattractive
60qualitytofilmstudiosoperatingonreducedwartimebudgets.Filmnoirwascharacter-driven,anditsstorylines,whichwereunusualandcompact,couldoftenbetoldinthe60to80minutesrequiredofB
65pictures.
Passage2
Itmaybethatnoirbeganinaway
ofphotographingthatwasaseconomicalasitwasmoody(lesslightmeantlessmoneyondecor—animportantwartime
70considerationwhenstudiosfacedlimitsonconstructionmaterial).
Wheredidnoircomefrom?It’sanintriguingquestionandonestillnotadequatelyanswered,despitethequantity
75ofwritingthatwallowsinthatnoirmood.Don’truleouttheinfluenceofGermanfilmfromthetwenties,ifonlybecausetherewere,bytheearlyforties,somanyEuropeanrefugees(writers,directors,
80cameraoperators,designers,actors)workinginHollywood.Don’tforgettheimpactofFrenchfilmsofthelatethirties,especiallythoseofMarcelCarne.HisLeJourSeLeve(1939,calledDaybreakin
85theUnitedStates)wassuchasuccessthatitwasremadeinHollywoodin1947asTheLongNight.Finally,don’tunderestimatetheinfluenceCitizenKanehadonanyonewhoseartandcraftwas
90cinematography.Thefilmwasaboxofficeflop,butfilmmakerswereabsorbedbyit.Alandmarkinsomuch,Kaneisaturningpointintheopeningupofanoirsensibility.
95 Equally,don’tforgetthatfromthefortiesonward,LosAngeleswasmuchbesetbypsychoanalysis,andthegrowing
-
PAGE
7
-
100
105
110
115
120
intellectualinterestinguilt,depression,andnightmare.Don’teliminatetheimpact,thememory,orthemerethoughtofawar’sdamage.
Iwanttostresshowdeeplynoirimpulseslayinthecommonimagination—thatoftheaudienceaswellasthefilmmakers.MildredPierce,forinstance—whichappearedin1945whenmanyAmericanwomenwererunningbusinessesoftheirownjusttosurvivewhilethemenwereawayatwar—sighsandseemsto
say,“Itdoesn’tmakeanydifference,whybother,forthereissomethingmaligninhumannatureorluckthatwillundermineenterpriseandhope.”Ofcourse,noteveryfilmwassobleak.LookinsteadatDavidSelznick’sverybeautifulandtouchingSinceYouWentAway,whichisallaboutClaudetteColbert,JenniferJones,andShirleyTemple2copingintheabsenceofmen.That,too,lookslikeafilmnoir.Butthemoodisentirelythatofinnocent,ardent,flawlesshope,andassurancethatwhenthewarendseverythingwillreverttocalmandorder.
1Inthe1940’s,afilmshowingwouldtypicallyincludealonger,moreexpensively-producedfilm(an“Afilm”)andashorter,less-expensivelyproducedfilm(a“Bfilm”)—inotherwords,a“doublebill.”
2Filmactresseswhowerepopularduringthe1940’s.
Inlines1through4ofPassage1,theauthorsuggeststhat“filmsnowcalledfilmnoirbycritics”
werenotclassifiedasfilmnoirwhenfirstmade
werereminiscentofearlierEuropeanfilms
wereupliftinginmoodandtheme
wereintendedtocontrastwithfilmsofthe1930’s
weredislikedbymanyFrenchfilmcritics
Itcanbeinferredthatthefilmslistedinlines9through12weresimilarineachofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT:
visualappearance
emotionaleffect
characters
theme
music
Inparagraph2,theauthorsaysthatthefilmsdiscussedinparagraph1areNOTtypicaloftheirgenreinregardto
setting
budget
countryoforigin
plot
lighting
TheauthorofPassage1usesthequotationinlines24-26primarilyinorderto
critiqueawriter
recountanincident
evokeaplace
describeacharacter
summarizeaplot
TheauthorofPassage1suggeststhatthe“spateofcontemporarybooks”(lines47-48)onfilmnoir
discussesonlyfivefilms
focusesonnon-crimefilms
focusesonrelativelycostlynoirfilms
isinaccurateintheirhistoricaldata
isfrombig-budgetpublishingcompanies
Theauthorsofbothpassagesimplythatcontemporarywritingaboutfilmnoir
comesmainlyfromFrenchfilmcritics
hasfailedtodescribetheoriginsoffilmnoiraccurately
mischaracterizesthefilmnoirmood
isinferiortoearlierwritingonfilmnoir
hasdramaticallyimprovedtheunderstandingoffilmnoir
Bothpassagesimplythatthedevelopmentoffilmnoircanbeattributedinpartto
thepresenceofEuropeanfilmmakersinHollywood
theinfluentialwritingofFrenchfilmcritics
economicrestraintsresultingfromWorldWarII
UnitedStatesfilmmakers’dissatisfactionwithhigh-paidactors
thepopularityofCitizenKane
Thephrase“wallowsin”inline75isclosestinmeaningto
indulgesin
conformsto
criticizes
explores
reveals
TheauthorofPassage2mentionsSinceYouWentAwayinline116primarilyto
indicatethatnotallfilmsinthe1940’sexpressedthesameattitude
illustratethepopularityoffilmnoiractors
demonstratethatmostfilmnoirdealtwithWWII
showthatthe“absenceofmen”wasamajorfilmnoirtheme
pointoutDavidSelznick’sinfluenceindefiningfilmnoir
ThesecondparagraphofPassage2isbestdescribedas
acatalogofpossiblesourcesofthefilmnoirmood
adescriptionofthemoodthatcharacterizesfilmnoir
arefutationofseveralmisconceptionsaboutfilmnoir
anargumentforredefiningtheterm“filmnoir”
alistofthemajorfilmnoirfilms
Thequote“Itdoesn’tmake…enterpriseandhope”inlines110-113isprimarilymeantto
giveanexampleofdialoguefromMildredPierce
summarizewhatcriticsthoughtaboutMildredPierce
showhowMildredPiercediffersfromotherfilmsmadein1945
characterizethesentimentsexpressedinMildredPierce
demonstratetheinfluenceofMildredPierceon
SinceYouWentAway
Theword“impulses”inline103isclosestinmeaningto
incentives
stimulants
fantasies
transformations
feelings
STOP
Ifyoufinishbeforetimeiscalled,youmaycheckyourworkonthissectiononly.
Donotturntoanyothersectioninthetest.
-
PAGE
9
-
NOTESTMATERIALONTHISPAGE
-
PAGE
10
-
SECTION3
Time—25minutes20Questions
TurntoSection3(page4)ofyouranswersheettoanswerthequestionsinthissection.
Directions:Forthissection,solveeachproblemanddecidewhichisthebestofthechoicesgiven.Fillinthecorrespondingcircleontheanswersheet.Youmayuseanyavailablespaceforscratchwork.
Whichofthefollowingtriples(x,y,z)doesNOTsatisfyxyz21?
(A)(4,5,1)
(B)(5,4,1)
(C)(2,10,2)
(D)(7,3,0)
(E)(3,3,12)
Susanhad60tradingcards.Aftergivingawaygcardsandreceivingrcards,shehad70cards.Whatisthevalueofrg?
10
20
30
40
50
Ifkisapositiveintegerdivisibleby7,andif
k90,whatisthegreatestpossiblevalueofk?
83
84
87
88
89
ThegraphaboveshowsthemonthlysalesforCompanyAandCompanyBforthesecondhalfof2004.Whatwasthelargestone-monthdecreaseinsalesforCompanyBduringthisperiodoftime?
Forparties,thenumberofcasesofjuiceacatererordersisdirectlyproportionaltothenumberofpeopleattending.Ifthecatererorders3casesforapartywith40peopleattending,howmanycaseswouldsheorderforapartywith280peopleattending?
7
10
14
18
21
Whichofthefollowingisanelementofboththesetofpositiveoddintegersandthesetofprimenumbers?
2
5
9
12
21
(A)
$45,000
(B)
$30,000
(C)
$25,000
(D)
$20,000
(E)
$15,000
Thelengthofarectangulargardenis3feetmorethanitswidth.Ifthelengthofthegardenis9feet,whatistheareaofthegardeninsquarefeet?
27
36
54
81
(E)108
Jamalhassomecoinsinhispocket.Someofthesecoinsarequarters,andnoneofthequartersinhispocketaredatedearlierthan2000.Whichofthefollowingmustbetrue?
NoneofthecoinsinJamal’spocketaredatedearlierthan2000.
SomeofthecoinsinJamal’spocketaredatedearlierthan2000.
SomeofthecoinsinJamal’spocketaredated
2000orlater.
MostofthecoinsinJamal’spocketareeitherquartersordatedearlierthan2000.
MostofthecoinsinJamal’spocketarenotquarters.
Onthenumberlineabove,thetickmarksareequallyspaced.Whatisthevalueofba?
4
ThecircumferenceofthecirclewithcenterOshown
5
34
2
aboveis2.
(A)
2
Whatistheareaoftheshadedregion?
5 (B)
4
14
15
1
12
14
Ifa,
b,andcarepositiveintegers,andif
If
p5or
p5,whichofthefollowingmust
(ac)b0,whichofthefollowingmustbetrue?
betrue?
ab
bc
ab
ac
bc
I.
II.III.
p25
p5
p35
IIIonly
IandIIonly
IandIIIonly
IIandIIIonly
I,II,andIII
Inthefigureabove,regularpentagonABCDEisdividedintothreenonoverlappingtriangles.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthethreetriangles?
Theyhaveequalareas.
Theyhaveequalperimeters.
Theyaresimilar.
Theyareisosceles.
Theyeachhaveatleastoneangleofmeasure60.
Inthefigureabove,a40andbc1.Ifcisaninteger,whatistheleastpossiblevalueofb?
30
39
50
61
71
Forallpositiveintegersaandb,let▲bedefinedby
a▲ba2b22.
Ifcanddarepositiveintegers,
whichofthefollowingCANNOTbethevalueof
c▲d?
0
2
3
6
8
17.Thefunctiony
f(x),definedfor5x6,is
graphedabove.Whichofthefollowinggivesall
valuesofxforwhich
(A) 0x6
(B) 5x6
f(x)ispositive?
(C)5x2
(D)4x1and5x6
(E)5x4and1x5
r(x)x2
t(x)x2
Thefunctionsrandtaredefinedabove.Forhowmanyvaluesofaisittruethatr(a)t(a)?
Inthexy-plane,anequationoflineis
y3x1.
None
One
Two
Iflinemisthereflectionoflineinthey-axis,whatisanequationoflinem?
Three
Morethanthree
(A)
(B)
y3x1
y3x1
(C)
(D)
(E)
y3x1
yx13
yx13
3x7y126xky6
Forwhichofthefollowingvaluesforkwillthesystemofequationsabovehavenosolution?
(A)14
7
0
7
14
Thetableaboveshowsthenumberofitems100customerspurchasedfromahardwarestoreovera4-hourperiod.Whichofthefollowingcanbedeterminedfromtheinformationinthetable?
Theaverage(arithmeticmean)numberofitemspurchasedpercustomer
Themediannumberofitemspurchasedpercustomer
Themodeofthenumberofitemspurchasedpercustomer
None
IandIIonly
IandIIIonly
IIandIIIonly
I,II,andIII
STOP
Ifyoufinishbeforetimeiscalled,youmaycheckyourworkonthissectiononly.
Donotturntoanyothersectioninthetest.
-
PAGE
17
-
SECTION4
Time—25minutes24Questions
TurntoSection4(page5)ofyouranswersheettoanswerthequestionsinthissection.
Directions:Foreachquestioninthissection,selectthebestanswerfromamongthechoicesgivenandfillinthecorrespondingcircleontheanswersheet.
Theborderbetweenthetwoproperties,never by
legalmeans,hadlongbeenthesubjectof
betweentheantagonisticneighbors.
determined..concord
undermined..hostility
verified..consonance
quantified..diversion
established..disputation
EventhoughCharliewasinapparentlygoodhealth,thedoctorprescribedforhimsome medicationdue
Eachsentencebelowhasoneortwoblanks,eachblankindicatingthatsomethinghasbeenomitted.BeneaththesentencearefivewordsorsetsofwordslabeledAthroughE.Choosethewordorsetofwordsthat,wheninsertedinthesentence,bestfitsthemeaningofthesentenceasawhole.
Example:
Hopingto thedispute,negotiatorsproposed
acompromisethattheyfeltwouldbe toboth
laborandmanagement.
enforce..useful
end..divisive
overcome..unattractive
extend..satisfactory
resolve..acceptable
tohisfamilialhistoryofhighbloodpressure.
presumptive
predictive
preliminary
premeditated
preventative
Thoughearlieranatomistshadtouchedontheidea,PaulBrocawasthefirstto fullythemodern
notionthatspecificbehaviorsarecontrolledbyparticularareasofthehumanbrain.
articulate (B)derogate (C)represent
(D)refute (E) iterate
Designedasagatheringplace,thenewstudentloungewasappropriately withtables,chairs,andeven
sofaswheregroupscouldassemblecomfortably.
indicated (B)appointed
denuded (D)conflated
venerated
Namedinhonoroftheschool’sfounder,theRichardBrownstoneCommunityServiceFellowshipisoneofthehighestawards BrownstoneSchool
graduates.
conscriptedto (B)redeemedfor
conferredon (D)relegatedto
deprivedof
Thepassagesbelowarefollowedbyquestionsbasedontheircontent;questionsfollowingapairofrelatedpassagesmayalsobebasedontherelationshipbetweenthepairedpassages.Answerthequestionsonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassagesandinanyintroductorymaterialthatmaybeprovided.
Line5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Questions6-9arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Themigrationandthewintergatheringofmonarchbutterfliesareamongthemostspectacularofallnaturalphenomena,uniqueintheinsectworld.LincolnBrowerwroteofhisfeelingonawarmMarchmorningashewatchedtensofthousandsofthesebutterfliesexplodefromtheirrestingplacesonthetreesatanoverwinteringsiteinMexico:“Flyingagainsttheazureskyandpastthegreenboughsoftheoyamels,thismyriadofdancingembersreinforcedmyearlierconclusionthatthisspectacleisatreasurecomparabletothefinestworksofartthatourworldculturehasproducedoverthepast4000years.”ButevenasIwritethisparagraph,thewintergatheringplacesofthemonarcharebeingdestroyedbyillegallogging—indeed,alloftheoyamelforestsinMexicoarethreatenedbylegalandillegallogging.Iftheloggingcontinuesatitspresentrate,allofthe
overwinteringsitesinMexicowillbegonebythefirstdecadesofthetwenty-firstcentury.Sodesperateisthesituation
thattheUnionfortheConservationofNatureandNaturalResourceshasrecognizedthemonarchmigrationasanendangeredbiologicalphenomenonandhasdesignateditthefirstpriorityintheirefforttoconservethebutterfliesoftheworld.
AlleffortstopreservetheoverwinteringsitesinMexicohavefailed.InAugustof1986,theMexicangovernmentissuedaproclamationdesignatingthesesitesasecologicalpreserves.Fiveofthe12knownsitesweretoreceivecompleteprotection.
Loggingandagriculturaldevelopmentweretobeprohibitedintheircoreareas,atotalareaofonly17squaremiles,and
onlylimitedloggingwastobepermittedinbufferzonessurroundingthecores,atotalofanother43miles.Theproclamationwaslargelyignored.Oneofthe5“protected”siteshasbeenclear-cut,somebufferzoneshavebeenmoreorlesscompletelydestroyed,andtreesarebeingcutinallofthecoreareas.AsBrower
toldme,guardsthatwereappointedtoprotectthemonarchcolonieshavenotpreventedillegalloggingbuthavebarredtourists,filmcrews,andscientistsfrom
55witnessingloggingactivities.Itisincomprehensibletomethatawaycannotbefoundtoprotectamere60squaremilesoflandthatarehometooneoftheworld’smostspectacularbiological
60phenomena.
Ifthemonarchsaretosurvive,theoyamelforestsinwhichtheyspendthewintermustremainintact.Evenminorthinningofthecoreareascauseshigh
65mortalityamongthebutterflies,becausethecanopyoftheintactforestservesasaprotectiveblanketandumbrellaforthem.Withinadensestandoftrees,thetemperaturedoesnotdropaslowasit
70doeselsewhere,enablingthemonarchstosurvivefreezingweatherundertheblanketoftrees.Thinningthetreesputsholesinthe“umbrella”thatprotectsthemonarchs,lettingthemgetwetduring
75winterstorms.Awetbutterflylosesitsresistancetofreezinganddies.Evenadrybutterflylosespreciouscaloriesasitsbodyheatradiatesouttothecoldnightskythroughholesinthecanopy.
Thequotationinlines9-16servesprimarilyasa
detailedexplanationoftheculturalsignificanceofaplace
personalobservationaboutartisticawareness
dramaticportrayalofanimpressiveevent
scientificaccountofararephenomenon
conclusiveargumentfortheartisticimportanceofspectacle
Theauthorviewsthe“efforts”citedinline33as
understandablyfutile
necessarilylimited
scientificallymisguided
largelyundesirable
unjustifiablyineffective
Thethirdparagraphisbestdescribeda
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 保护环境主题演讲稿模板5篇
- 音乐组个人工作总结6篇
- 劳务用工合同范本版
- 玛雅风情遗址公园租赁合同
- 房屋产权归属权协议书
- 关于旅游合同
- 劳动合同变更岗位
- 土石方挖运合同
- 商铺转租协议书版本
- 徐州云计算中心租赁合同
- 23 祖先的摇篮 (一等奖创新教学设计)(第一课时)
- 操作系统试验六
- 基于PLC的煤矿皮带控制系统设计论文
- 国家能源集团发电企业安全设施管理安全监察手册
- 电气试验(第二版)11-057职业技能鉴定指导书职业标准试题库(仅高级工)
- 2023年河北省普通高等学校对口招生考试英语试题
- 人教版一年级上册语文语文园地三试卷
- 摄影师习题及答案
- 上海铁路局货运职业技能竞赛货运值班员(理论实作)试题及答案
- 软件的技术方案设计说明
- 个人简历模板空白表格
评论
0/150
提交评论