SAT写作素材-美国历史II

SATSAT写作素材-美国历史II1900-1945)必背细节In1913,theU.Srankedfirstintheworldintheproductionofsteel;in1900,theU.S.produced245milliontonsofcoalrankingfirstintheworld.19131900第一。（1913+钢：谐音想象，一瓶酒[19]大得想一座山[13]，酒香扑鼻，方圆几百里的人都能闻到。奇特的是1900+煤：我的姨舅[19]在美国挖煤，只挖了两个煤洞[00]，产量就名列世界第一！）Largecorporation,urbanizationandnewtechnologywerethethreefeaturesinthegrowthofAmericaneconomyatthebeginningofthe20thcentury.大公司的出现，城市化及新技20In1903,theWrightbrothersflewaplaneforabrief12secondsatKittyHawk,NorthCarolina.Thiswasthebeginningoftheappearanceoftheplane.In1911,GlennE.Curissdesignedandflewasuccessfulplane.1903121911E。库利斯设计了一架飞机，并成功试飞。（1911一件旧衣[1911]的飞机成功试飞，那件衣服纶料的。）AtthebeginningoftheWWI,theU.S.wasimpartialneitherinaction,norinthought.Itpursuedapolicyofpro-Allypartiality.第一次世界大战开始时，美国宣布保持中立，但在行动和思想上都没有做到中立，美国真正奉行的是支持同盟国的政策。The1920sintheU.S.hasbeendescribedbymanyhistoriansasaperiodofmaterialsuccessandspiritualfrustrationorconfusionandpurposelessness.许多历史学家都把美国的二十世纪二十年代描写成一个物质上成功，精神是迷惘或漫无目标的时期。（看过那本“了不起的盖茨比”吗，写的就是二十年代）Thestockmarketcrashwasthebeginningoflongeconomicdepressioninthelate1920Sand1930S1929-1933TheaimofPresidentRoosevelt’sNewmeasureswastosaveAmericandemocracyandthecapitalistsystem.罗斯福总统“新政：措施的目的在于”拯救美国民主“及克服资本主义制度有史以来最严重的经济危机。Intheearly1930S,theAmericanforeignpolicywasisolationism,tokeeptheU.S.outofthefightingthatwasgoingoninEuropeandAsia.30策，即使美国远离欧洲和亚洲的战争。DuringtheWWII,thepostponementoftheopeningoftheSecondFrontwasareflectionoftheAmerican’sdesirenottogivetheSovietUnionthepossibilityofquickexpansion.二战期间，美国延缓开辟第二战场就反映出美国不让苏联有迅速扩张的可能性AmericandiplomacyinWWIIwaslargelydiplomacytowardsBritainandtheSovietUnion.Thereweretwoguidingprinciplesbehindalldiplomaticactivities:1>towinthewar;2>toestablishpostwarpoliticalstructureinaccordwithAmericaninterestsandtopreventtheSovietUnionfromover-expansion.二战期间，美国的外交政策大体上是针对英国和前苏联的，所有外交政策的两个主导原则是：羸得战争，按美国利益建立战后政治格局并阻止苏联的过度扩张。TheleadersoftheU.S.theSovietUnionandBritainmetthreetimesduringtheWWII.1>ThefirstsummitwasheldatTeheraninNovember1943.Attheconferenceitwasdecidedthatalarge-scaleattackonthesouthofFrancewouldbelaunchedinMay,1944,whichwascodenamedOverlord.2>ThesecondconferencewasheldinYaltainFebruary,1945,itdecidedonthesetting-upofaworldorganization:theUnitedNation.3>ThethirdconferencewasheldatPotsdamwhichconfirmedthetemporarydivisionofEuropeagreedtoatYalta.二战1943111945219457。8尔塔会议关于欧洲格局的暂时分配。（英美苏三国领导人在寺庙里跳舞[45]，把鸭和鹅赶到宝塔[雅尔塔]上，让它们联合起来成立联合国。）必背解释TheMuckrakers(黑幕揭发者)（muckrake）TheMuckrakerswereagroupofreform-mindedjournalistswhomadeinvestigationsandexposedthedarksidesofthesociety.theProgressiveMovement(进步运动/进步主义)（Progressivism）Itwasamovementattheturnofthe20thcenturywhichdemandedgovernmentregulationoftheeconomyandsocialconditions,spreadquicklywiththesupportoflargenumberofpeopleacrossthecountry.TheProgressiveMovementwasnotanorganizedcampaignwithclearlydefinedgoals.Rather,itwasanumberofdiverseeffortsatpolitical,socialandeconomicreforms.laissezfaire(放任主义)itwasaneconomicpracticewhichstressedthatthemanagementoftheeconomyshouldbelefttothebusinesspeopleandthegovernmentshouldmerelypreserveorderandprotectproperty.theRedscare(红色恐惧)Between1919and1920,theRedScarehappenedinAmericawhereatthattimeahighlyaggressiveandintolerancenationalismexisted.OnNovember7,1919andJanuary2,1920,theJusticeDepartmentlaunchedtwowavesofmassarrests.Over4000suspectedCommunistsandradicalswerearrestedandmanywereforcedtoleavetheU.S.theKuKluxKlan(KKKKTheKKKwasfirstorganizedin1866andthenreformedin1867aftertheCivilWarintheSouthandby1924itclaimedamembershipoffourtofivemillion.Itterrorizedandattackedonnotonlyblacks,butalsoprogressives,Communistandsocialistpartymembers,etc.theNewDeal(罗斯福新政)ItwasputforwardbyAmericanPresidentRooseveltwhowantedtodosomethingtodealwiththeGreatDepressionatthattime.ItpassedalotofNewDeallawsandsetupsomeefficientsocialsecuritysystems.TheNewDealhelpedto“saveAmericandemocracy”andtoovercomethemostseriouseconomiccrisisofthecapitalistsystemuptothattime.TheNewDealincludedthefollowingcontents:Establishmentandstrengtheningofgovernmentregulationandcontrolofbanking,creditandcurrencysystems,overcomingthefinancialcrisisandrestrictionofcertainextremepracticesoffinancialcapital.FederalgovernmentmanagementofreliefandestablishmentofsocialsecuritysystemssuchastheformationoftheCivilianConservationCorpsandthesetting-upoftheTennesseeValleyAuthority;Stimulationoftherecoveryofindustryandagriculture;Formulationandimplementationoffederallabourlawstoraisetheroleoflabourintherelationsofproduction;Improvementofthesituationofminoritiesandmembersofcertainreligiousgroups.(罗斯福新政的内容：理解+字头记忆：金蛇刺牢骚=一条金色的