池州市东至县2023年考研《英语一》高分冲刺试卷含解析

池州市东至县2023年考研《英语一》高分冲刺试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从下列各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thehumannoseisanunderestimatedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobe1___smellerscomparedwithanimals,butthisislargelybecause,unlikeanimals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare2todetectingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,3themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infactthough,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,evenifwedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof4humansmellsevenwhentheseare5tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.6,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,whileothersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate7smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend8tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmellatfirstcansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen9toitoftenenough.The10forinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit11tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan12newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismayalsoexplainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot13oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe14newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse's.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors_15forunfamiliarandemergencysignalssuchasthesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.1.A．sensitiveB．outstandingC．insensitiveD．awkward2.A．limitedB．committedC．devotedD．conducted3.A．catchingB．ignoringC．missingD．tracking4.A．distinguishingB．discoveringC．determiningD．detecting5.A．reducedB．reservedC．rescuedD．refused6.A．FortunatelyB．StrangelyCHappilyD．Amazingly7.A．unusualB．particularC．uniqueD．typical8.A．signsB．informationC．messagesD．signals9.A．subjectedB．leftC．drawnD．exposed10A.expectationB．expressionC．extensionD．explanation11.AconvenientB．competitiveC．inefficientD．adequate12.AintroduceB．gatherC．developD．produce13.AsureB．sickC．awareDtired14.AtolerateB．resistC．neglectD．notice15.AavailableB．reliableC．valuableD．suitableSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whenmyfathermarriedmymotherin1943,hegavemymothera1937crowncoinandtoldhertokeepitinthebackofherpurseandnottospendit.Thiswouldmeanthatshealwaysfeltthatshewasprotectedandwouldalwayshavemoneyifshereallyneededit.WhenIwasmarriedin1970myhusbandwhohadheardthisstory,obtaineda1937crowncoinformeandIhavealwayskeptitinmywallet,andIhavealwayshadenoughformyneeds.Afriendrecentlyfellonhardtimes,partlythroughexternal(外部的）circumstancesandpartlythroughpoorplanning.FriendsandIhaveloanedhermoney,paidherbills,givenherfood,andeventriedtoteachherbudgettechniques,butnoneofthemhasbeenasolution.Shehasjustslippeddeeperanddeeperintofinancialtroubleanddepression.Lastweekshelookedpaleandunwell,verydepressedandhopeless,verysadforafriendtoseeandIthenthoughtabouthowthecrowncoin,aphysicalreminderofanother'scareandlovehadprotectedme,soIwenttothebankfora$100dollar-bill.Itoldmyfriendthestoryandaskedhertokeepthe$100inthebackofherwallet.Itturnedoutthatshedidn'thaveawallet,sosheputthemoneyinalittlepencilcasewhereshekepthercoins.Sheimmediatelyfeltbetter—“Ifeelrich,andthankyouforbeingagoodfriend,”shesaid,andwewerebothabitteary.IwenthomeandrememberedalittlewalletIhadthatI’dneverused,andthought,“I’llgivethattomyfriend.”Iopenedit,andinside,found$100.1、Whatdidthe1937crowncoinfromtheauthor’sfathermeantohermother?A．Hisconcernforher. B．Hispityandprotectionforher.C．Hiscareandloveforher. D．Hisprideandrespectforher.2、Wheredidtheauthor’sfriendkeepthe$100dollar-bill?A．Inthebackofherwallet. B．Inalittlepencilcase.C．Inthepocketofherraincoat. D．Inthelayerofhersuitcase.3、Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Theauthorbecamerichallofasudden.B．Theauthor'sfriendwouldreceiveawalletasagift.C．Theauthor'sfriendwasnottouchedbyherstory.D．Theauthorfeltuncomfortablewhenreceivingthebill.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Acrowncoin B．ThehelptoafriendC．Ahardlife D．AgiftfrommyfatherText2TennisgreatBillieJeanKingisagreatathleteandapioneerinsportandshewonfoursinglestitlesattheUSOpenbetween1967and1974.Now,thesametennisofficialswithwhomsheoftenbattledhavepaidheraspecialhonor.USOpenorganizersnamedtheirvenue(会场)theBillieJeanKingNationalTennisCenteratthebeginningofthisyear’schampionship.Thedecisioncameasasurprisetothestar.BillieJeanKinghadherfirsttennislessonattheageof11,andbecameinterestedinit.Sixyearslatershemadeherselfknownwinningthefirstof20titlesatWimbledoninthedoubleschampionship.Kingwentontobecomethefirstfemaleathletetoearn$100,000inayear.Buthergreatestachievementsmayhavebeenoffthegame.Shedevotedherselftofightingforequalstatusforwomenandwomeninsportsthatwentfarbeyondtennis.AuniqueopportunityarrivedanditprovedaperfectwayforKingtofurtherchangetheplaceofwomeninsportsin1973.Shewaschallengedtoplayaman-tennisgreatBobbyRiggs.Themenorganizingtheeventexpecteditwouldprovidegreatentertainmentandtheeventwasreportedbysportscaster(体育评论员)HowardCosell.ButKingfoundhefocusedonherappearance,nevermentioningherathleticachievements.Kingsawitasacrossroadinherbattleforwomen’sequalityinsports.Shedidwin,furtheropeningopportunitiesforgirlsinsports.Butsomeyoungfemaleathletesnowdon’ttaketheseopportunitiesseriously.WhenaskedwhattheyknewaboutKing,theylookedpuzzled.“They’vegotmanychancestoplayandit’sagoodthing.However,westillhavealongwaytogoforgirlsandwomeninsportsandthat’swhatIwant—Iwantthedreamtobeequal”Shesaid.1、BillieJeanKingfoughtwithtennisofficialsfor.A．betterpayforherselfB．morechancestocompeteC．theequalityforwomeninsportsD．aspecialhonorfromthem2、BillieKingfirstwonherfamethrough.A．hercompetitionwithBobbyRiggsin1973B．beingthefirstathletetogetayearlyincomeof$100,000C．theBillieJeanKingNationalTennisCenterD．hervictoryinthedoubleschampionship3、WhywastheeventwithBobbyRiggsorganizedin1973?A．Toattractmoreaudiencefortheinterestsoftheorganizer.B．ToincreaseBillieKing’sfameinthesportsfield.C．Tomakethesporttennispopular:D．Tofurtheropenchancesforwomeninsports.4、Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatBillieKing.A．hasalwaysbeenrespectedandhonoredinsportsfromthestartB．thinksthatthestatuswomenhavegotinsportsishighenoughC．isdisappointedatnotbeingrecognizedbyyoungfemaleathletesD．thinksinequalitybetweenmenandwomeninsportsstillexists.Text3“Educationalresearchers,politicalscientistsandeconomistsareincreasinglyinterestedinthecharacteristicsandskillsthatparents,teachersandschoolsshouldfosterinchildrentoincreasechancesofsuccesslaterinlife,”saidleadauthorMarionSpengler,PhDoftheUniversityofTubingen.”Ourresearchfoundthatspecificbehaviorsinhighschoolhavelong-lastingeffectsforone’slaterlife.”Spenglerandherco-authorsanalyzeddatacollectedbytheAmericanInstitutesforResearchfrom346,660U.S.highschoolstudentsin1960,alongwithfollow-updatafrom81,912ofthosestudents11yearslaterand1,952ofthem50yearslater.Theinitialhighschoolphasemeasuredavarietyofstudentbehaviorsandattitudesaswellaspersonalitycharacteristics,cognitiveabilities,parentalsocioeconomicstatusanddemographic(人口统计的)factors.Thefollow-upsurveysmeasuredoveralleducationalattainment,incomeandoccupationalprestige(声望).Beingaresponsiblestudent,showinganinterestinschoolandhavingfewerproblemswithreadingandwritingwereallsignificantlyassociatedwithgreatereducationalattainmentandfindingamoreprestigiousjobboth11yearsand50yearsafterhighschool.Thesefactorswerealsoallassociatedwithhigherincomeatthe50-yearmark.Mosteffectsremainedevenwhenresearcherscontrolledparentalsocioeconomicstatus,cognitiveaibilityandotherbroadpersonalitycharacteristicssuchasconscientiousness.Whilethefindingsweren’tnecessarilysurprising,Spenglernotedhowreliablyspecificbehaviorspeopleshowedinschoolwereabletopredictlatersuccess.Furtheranalysisofthedatasuggestedthatmuchoftheeffectcouldbeexplainedbyoveralleducationalachievements,accordingtoSpengler.“Studentcharacteristicsandbehaviorswererewardedinhighschoolandledtohighereducationalattainment,whichinturnwasrelatedtogreateroccupationalprestigeandincomelaterinlife,”shesaid.“Thisstudyhighlightsthepossibilitythatcertainbehaviorsatcrucialperiodscouldhavelong-termconsequencesforaperson’slife.”1、What’sthefindingofMarionSpengler’sresearch?A．Teachersplayadecisiveroleinstudents’latersuccessB．PersonalitycharacteristicsaremoreimportantthanacademicperformancesC．HighereducationalattainmenthaslittletodowithoccupationalprestigeD．Behaviorsinthehighschoolshouldbehighlystressed.2、WhichisTRUEabouttheresearch?A．TheresearchwasconductedamongtotallydifferentpeopleduringdifferentperiodsB．Theresearchwasbasedonthedatacollectedfrom1960to2010C．Morepeoplewereinvolvedinthefollow-upsurveysD．Theinitialhighschoolphasemeasuredattitudesonly3、Whatislikelytocontributetolatersuccessaccordingtotheresearch?A．ParentalsocioeconomicstatusB．OveralleducationalachievementsC．CognitiveabilityD．Hardwork4、Whydidtheresearcherscontrolsomefactorslikeparentalsocioeconomicstatus?A．ToavoidthepreviousmistakesB．TohighlighttheeffectsofcertainspecificbehaviorsC．TodrawanimmediateconclusionD．TohidsomenegativefindingsText4Youcan’tseeyoursleepingpetsbrainwaves,butitsbehaviorcantellyouwhenyourcatmightbedreaming.Ifyouwatchclosely,you’llseethatasshefallsasleep,herbreathingbecomesslowandregularwithherbodystill.Shehasenteredthefirststageofsleep,calledslow-wavesleep.Afterabout15minutesyou’llnoticeachangeinherbreathing.Hereyesmoveunderherclosedlids,herpawstwitch(抽动)andsheflicks(尤指用手指或手快速地轻抚)anear.Shehasentereddreaming.Althoughshetwitchesandmakeslittlegrunting(嘟嘟)noises,messagesfromherbraintothelargemusclesinherlegsareblocked,soshecan’trunabout.Sheisinastateof“sleepparalysis(麻痹)”.MichelJouvet,aFrenchscientist,interruptedtheirsleepparalysis.Eventhoughtheywerecompletelyasleep,thedreamingcatsbegantorunforballsthatJouvetcouldn’tseeandarched(弓起)theirbacksatunseenenemies.Hefigureshewaswatchingthemactouttheirdreams!Obviously,thedreamingcatsseemedtobepractisingimportantcatskills:following,pouncing(猛扑),andfighting.Inanotherstudy,MattWilsonrecordedratsbrainwaveswhiletheylearnedmazes(迷宫).Oneday,heleftthebrain-wave-recordingmachineonwhiletheratsfellasleep.ThepatternofbrainwavesinthesleepingratsmatchedthepatternfromthemazesocloselythatWilsoncouldfigureoutexactlywhichpartofthemazeeachratwasdreamingabout!Manyresearchersnowthinkthatinbothpeopleandanimals,onepurposeofdreamsistopractiseimportantskillsandfigureoutrecentlearning.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopledreamaboutfightingandescaping,skillsthatwereprobablyimportanttoourancestors,andwhydreamingaffectsourabilitytolearn.Doallanimalsdream?Fromlookingatthebrainwavesofsleepinganimals.Howoftenanimalsdreamseemstobetiedtobodysize.Catsdreamaboutevery15minutes,miceevery9minutes,andelephantsevery2hours.Andthoughcowsandhorsesusuallysleepstandingup,theyonlydreamwhenlyingdown.1、WhatdoesMichelJouvetfindinhisstudy?A．Thedreamingcatsareinastateofbodyparalysis.B．Thedreamingcatsoftenpractisetheirimportantskills.C．Theeyesofdreamingcatsmovedwhilebodiesarestill.D．Themusclesofthedreamingcatsareblockedtomove.2、Whatcanyouknowaboutdreamingfromthepassage?A．Dreamingalotcanhelphumanslearnmore.B．Learningmazesisthebasicskillforcatstolearn.C．RatsoftendreamstomakecertaintheirrecentlearningD．Fightingandescapingarenotimportantskillsforancestors.3、Whichanimalmaydreammostfrequently?A．Rats. B．Dogs.C．Cows. D．Elephants4、Howdoestheauthordevelophispassage?A．Bymakingcomparisons. B．ByusingfiguresC．Bytellingstories D．ByshowingfactsPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Wehighschoolstudentsdohavesomegrowingpains,1．wecangetridofthemcorrectlyandwiselyFirst,someofusareupset2．theirbodystylesandlooksIt’sunnecessaryandit’snotimportantatallWeneedn’tcareaboutitItisone’sinnerbeauty3．mattersSecond,wesometimesseemtobemisunderstoodbyourteachers,parentsandclassmates4．(face)withthis,wecanfind5．propertimetohaveaheart-to-hearttalkwiththem,tryingtoremovethe6．(understand)SomeofushavefewerinendsIthinkbeingopen-mindedandfriendly7．(do)yougoodThird,wemayfallbehindothers,8．makesusstressedActuallywecanencourage9．toworkefficiently,fullofdeterminationLastly,someofusdon’thavemuchpocketmoney,sotheyfeelunhappyIsn’titstrange?Solongaswehavesome,that’senoughAndwecanlearn10．tospendmoneyPollutiontakesawayallthebeautyofthebeachesofHawaiiIhatetogotothebeacheson1．(sun)weekendsandseerubbishbags2．(lie)onthesand,cigarettebutts(烟头）3．(bury)inthesand,andsodacansfloatingintheoceanOnethingthatreallyannoysmeisthatIseetouristswhovisitHawaiileavetheirrubbishonthebeachesIwasalwaystaughtafterdrinkingsodatothrowthecanintotheplace4．itshouldstayat--thetrashcanAnotherthingthatannoysmeisthatsomepeoplewalkrightbyrubbish5．pretendthatit'snotthereThedogsorthefisharenottoblameforitIt'sourfaultandwemustblame6．(we)Everyonehastodohisorherpart7．(solve)thisproblemItcan’tbedifficulttodothejobTherearealotofthingsthatwecandoFirstofall,wecanhelppick8．rubbishalongthebeachesWecouldalsoformorganizationsthathelpcleanupourbeaches,More9．(important),weneedtostartnowbeforethebeaches10．(damage)beyondrepairSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Whatisstereotype?Itiscommonlyknownasafixed,overgeneralizedbeliefaboutaparticulargrouporclassofpeople,consistingofgender,age,occupation,etc.Genderstereotypereferstoajudgmentaboutsomeoneaccordingtotheirsexinsteadofbelievingintheirability.Menhavebeenthoughttobealeader,strong,aggressiveandbrave.1、Agestereotypeisthatsomeonejudgesotherpeople’sbehaviorandappearancebecauseoftheage.Childrenareoftendescribedinnocent,naughty.Then,youngpeopleareusuallystereotypedimpatient,rebelliousandindulgeincomfort.Adultsarerelatedtoresponsibility.2、Becausetheoldpeoplearestereotypedweakandsick,notmovingflexibly,whichmeanstobeabigtrouble.3、Aconceptcaneasilybeformedthatstarisadescentandcharmingjobwithalotoffunandmoreopportunitiestocontactfashionandcelebrity,todressup,andtotastedeliciousfoodinhigh-classrestaurants.Butnotallstarscanhavethesewonderfulexperiences.4、Theyhavetoworkontheotherbusinesstoearnmoneyunderthepressureoflife.Someviewstereotypeagoodwaytoenablethemtoresponsetodifferentthings,judgingiftheyaregoodorbad,aswellasadaptintoanewenvironment.However,somestereotypesarenotquiteconsistentwiththereality.5、Societyisdevelopingeveryday,ifwearealwayslookingatitwithstereotype,wewillloseanothersideofit.Therefore,itisagoodchoiceforustodealwithissuesinwiderperspective.A．Womencanalsotakechargeofthenationandruntheirbusiness.B．Therearemorestereotypesaboutstarsthanotheroccupations.C．Occupationstereotypealsooccursinourminds.D．Somostpeopleconsideriteasytoproduceprejudiceormisunderstandings.E.Somestars’salaryislowerthancommonwhite-collarworkers.F.Butwomenarethoughttobeattached,weak,compromisedandsoft.G.Nowadays,manyadultsarenotwillingtoattendtotheirparents.Googleannouncedthisweekthatitsbuilding100self-drivingcarprototypesandLloydwroteagreatpiecediscussingvariouscityandplanningimpli