两步移动搜索法案例课件

MedicalGeography:HealthCareAccessibilityandImplicationsFahuiWangFredB.KniffenProfessorofGeographyLouisianaStateUniversityJune17,2010@CNU两步移动搜索法案例ContentsTheissueofaccessGIS-basedaccessibilitymeasuresOptimizationtowardsequalaccessApplicationinhealthcareaccessPHSAdesignationandlate-stagecancerConcludingcomments两步移动搜索法案例AccessMatters!Convenienceofaccesstoactivitiesjob,school,healthcare,park,publicservice,shopping…Accessdefines“location”SpatialWhereyouareNonspatialWhoyouareSocialjusticeandpublicpolicy两步移动搜索法案例MeasurementHowscarcearetheservices?Supplyvs.Demand(ratio)Howfararedemandsfromsupplies?DistanceRoadnetworkTransportationmeans两步移动搜索法案例PrimitivemeasuresDistance(time)fromsupplySimplypotentialmodelSupply-demandratiowithinanareaFCAwitharadius/boxFCAwithatraveltimerange两步移动搜索法案例FromS/DRatiotoFCASimplyS/DRatioFCAwithaRadiusImprovementsWithin-unitvariationCross-borderLimitationsStraight-lineS-Dbeyondradius两步移动搜索法案例2-stepfloatingcatchmentarea:2SFCAScaleavailabilityateachsupplylocationSumupaccessiblesuppliesaroundeachdemandlocation两步移动搜索法案例2SFCARecap1a.Foreachsupplylocationj,selectalldemandlocationskwithinatraveltimerangefromj(catchmentCj).1b.ComputethesupplytodemandratiowithinCj:

2a.Foreachdemandlocationi,searchallsupplylocationsjwithinthetraveltimerangefromi(catchmentZi).2b.Sumupthesupplytodemandratiosatthesesupplylocations:两步移动搜索法案例Generalizing“distancedecay”asacontinuousfunction

apowerorexponentialfunctionaGaussianfunctionasadiscretevariabledichotomousasin2SFCAmultipleasinE2SFCAahybridapproachakerneldensityfunctionathree-zoneapproach两步移动搜索法案例Generalizing“distancedecay”两步移动搜索法案例Validation

Modelingactualsupply-demandinteractionsIndividualtravelbehaviorAggregatedtravelpattern两步移动搜索法案例OptimizationTowardsequalaccessibilityFormulatedasaplanningproblemminimizingaccessibilitygapsamongdemandlocationsbyadjustingtheamountsofsuppliesatgivensupplylocations.两步移动搜索法案例AQuadraticProgrammingApproachSubjecttowhere两步移动搜索法案例ValueofoptimizationEmphasizingtheequalityissueIdentifyingover-andunder-capacityofsupplyGuidingplanningandpublicpolicyinclosingthegap两步移动搜索法案例ApplicationinHealthcareAccess:HPSAdesignationU.S.ranksbehindinhealthperformancedeepdisparitiesinaccesstocareandhealthoutcomesFederalprograms:MUP&HPSAsCallsforbettermeasureofaccessibility两步移动搜索法案例

Non-spatialSocioeconomicDisadvantages(Factor1)Socio-culturalBarriers(Factor2)

HighHealthcareNeeds(Factor3)Female-headedhouseholds(%)Populationinpoverty(%)Nonwhiteminorities(%)Householdsw/ovehicles(%)Homeownership(%)Householdswithlinguisticisolation(%)Householdswith>1personperroom(%)Populationw/ohigh-schooldiploma(%)Medianincome($)HighneedsPopulation(%)Consolidatingnonspatialvariables两步移动搜索法案例两步移动搜索法案例两步移动搜索法案例两步移动搜索法案例两步移动搜索法案例IntegratingSpatialandNonspatialFactorsGeographicAreaPrimaryIndicator(spatialaccessibilityscore)<1/3500PrimaryIndicator(spatialaccessibilityscore)<1/3000ANDsecondaryindicator(factor3)1standarddeviationabovemeanPopulationGroupPrimaryIndicator(factor1)1standarddeviationabovemeanPrimaryIndicator(factor1)¾standarddeviationabovemeanandsecondaryindicator(factor2)1standarddeviationabovemean两步移动搜索法案例两步移动搜索法案例Applicationinhealthcareaccess(vs.late-stagecancer)两步移动搜索法案例Riskbreakdowns两步移动搜索法案例CultureKnowledge(Dis)advantageHealthinsuranceAccesstoprimarycareAvailabilityandaccessibilityofscreeningservicesQualityofhealthcareMultilevelapproachSocio-economicdisadvantageSocialnetworksandinstitutionsLocalresourcesPERSONPLACE两步移动搜索法案例Rural-urbancontinuumChicagoChicagosuburbsOthermetroareasLargetown(10-50k)Rural两步移动搜索法案例MultilevelModelCoefficientsBreastColorectalLungProstateChic_sub-.181*-.065*-.001-.092*-.087*-.029-.007-.012-.017-.189*-.105*-.062Other_metro-.278*-.146*-.110*-.131*-.122*-.056-.172*-.183*-.252*-.128*-.039-.012Largetown-.336*-.162*-.167*-.272*-.250*-.198*-.331*-.338*-.431*-.191*-.065-.063Rural-.207*-.032-.063-.169*-.156*-.085-.204*-.212*-.323*-.164*-.035-.038Age<50.547*.541*.216*.216*.195*.188*.129.128Age≥70-.279*-.279*-.082*-.083*-.234*-.233*-.174*-.177*Black.373*.370*.083*.077*-.068*-.085*.289*.279*Income-.134*-.047-.110*-.087Non_Engli.012*.002-.001.003Access-37.6*20.0-27.2*-9.9Time.0020.000两步移动搜索法案例FindingsEffectsofindividualattributesOlderagelinkedtoreducedriskBlackslinkedtohigherriskEffectsofcontextualvariablesIncome&primarycareaccess:significantinbreastandlungcancerOthers:marginallyornotsignificantEffectsofurban-rurallocation两步移动搜索法案例“urbandisadvantage”?两步移动搜索法案例Publicpolicyimplication两步移动搜索法案例ConcludingremarksRiseofComputationalSocialSciences(CSS)andSpa