新标准大学英语（第三版）综合教程3（智慧版）课件 Unit6 Path to prosperity

Aftercompletingthisunit,youwillbeabletodescribethemultipledimensionsofpovertyandexplainwhyweshouldalleviateitintroducestrategiesforpovertyalleviationgiveatalkonthebattleagainstpovertyandanswerlisteners’questionsLearningobjectivesPathtoprosperityYuanlongVillageofMinningTown,NingxiaHuiAutonomousRegionUNIT6

ScenarioShareChina’spovertyalleviationeffortswithinternationalvisitorsinaworkshopActivereadingFurtherexplorationAudio:AcaseofChina’stargetedpovertyalleviationText:GlobalinnovationsforpovertyalleviationExtendedreadingLive-streaminghelpedaflowerfarmerthriveProjectGiveatalk:ThebattleagainstpovertyMeetingpovertyhead-onSelf-reflectionSpeakingguide

GivingatalkinaworkshoponpovertyalleviationUnitmapActivereadingMeetingpovertyhead-onFurtherexplorationText:

GlobalinnovationsforpovertyalleviationExtendedreadingLive-streaminghelpedaflowerfarmerthriveScenario1Tryitout2Self-assessment3Self-reflectionAudio:AcaseofChina’stargetedpovertyalleviationScenarioShareChina’spovertyalleviationeffortswithinternationalvisitorsinaworkshopProjectGiveatalk:ThebattleagainstpovertySpeakingguide

GivingatalkinaworkshoponpovertyalleviationDoyouthinkpovertyisaglobalissuethatmustbetackledasamatterofurgency?ScenarioScenarioYouareacollegestudentdoingasummerinternshipinavillage.Thevillageusedtobepoor,butnowithasshakenoffabsolutepoverty.ThevillageisexpectingagroupofinternationalvisitorswhoareinterestedinlearningaboutpovertyalleviationmeasuresinChina.Thevisitorswillparticipateinaregularworkshoponpovertyalleviationheldbythevillage.ScenarioYouwillhelpgiveanintroductorytalkatthebeginningoftheworkshop.YouneedtotalkaboutthesignificanceofpovertyalleviationandChina’smeasuresandachievementsintacklingpoverty,andanswervisitors’questionseffectively.ScenarioAworkshoponpovertyalleviationheldbyaChinesevillageThesignificanceofpovertyalleviationandChina’smeasuresandachievementsintacklingpovertyTopicSettingThescenariointhisunitcanbeanalyzedfromthefollowingaspects:ScenarioIdentitySpeaker–InternsAudience–InternationalvisitorsToexplainthesignificanceofpovertyalleviationinthesustainabledevelopmentofhumankind,informtheaudienceaboutChina’ssolutionstotheissue,andinvitethemtoaskquestionsPurposeTryitoutYouwillgiveanintroductorytalkatthebeginningoftheworkshop.YouneedtotalkaboutthesignificanceofpovertyalleviationandChina’smeasuresandachievementsintacklingpoverty,andanswervisitors’questionseffectively.Whatdifficultiesdidyouexperiencewhiledoingthetask?ListtwoorthreemajoronesinEnglishorChineseinthefollowingtable.Self-assessmentContentExplainingthesignificanceofpovertyalleviationIntroducingChina’spovertyalleviationmeasuresandachievementsLanguage

Vocabulary/Sentence/StyleStructureOrganizingmytalkinaclearandlogicalwayCommunicationHandlinglisteners’questionseffectivelyAspectsDifficultiesSelf-assessmentActivereadingMeetingpovertyhead-onFurtherexplorationText:

GlobalinnovationsforpovertyalleviationExtendedreadingLive-streaminghelpedaflowerfarmerthriveSelf-reflectionAudio:AcaseofChina’stargetedpovertyalleviationProjectGiveatalk:ThebattleagainstpovertySpeakingguide

GivingatalkinaworkshoponpovertyalleviationOverview1Readingindetail2Gettingtheidea3Analyzingwritingtechniques4Buildingyourlanguage5Sharingyourideas6ScenarioShareChina’spovertyalleviationeffortswithinternationalvisitorsinaworkshopOverviewInthispart,youwill12Readabouttheglobalproblemofpoverty,itssignificance,anditscurrentstatusworldwideLearntouseauthoritativesourcesinwritingtoimprovecredibilityLearntotalkaboutthesignificanceofalleviatingandultimatelyeliminatingpoverty3BeforeyoureadTherearemanywaystoidentifypoverty.Readthefollowingfactorsandcheck(✓)theonesthatyouthinkshouldbeconsideredformeasuringpoverty.ReadingindetailBeforeyoureadReadingindetailNutritionChildmortalityYearsofschoolingSchoolattendanceCookingfuelSanitationDrinkingwaterElectricityHousingAssetsReadingindetailAllthetenindicatorsshouldbeincludedbecauseeachofthemconcernstheverybasicneedsoflifeinmoderntimes.However,theseneedsmightenjoydifferentordersofpriority.Forexample,giventhatlifeisthemostimportantissue,nutritionandchildmortalityshouldbeatthetopofthelist,andassetsareslightlylessessentialthansanitationanddrinkingwater.BeforeyoureadReferenceanswersTextReadingindetailPovertyisalong-existingproblemaroundtheglobe,andnegativelyaffectspeople’swell-beinginmanyways.Manycountriesarefightingacriticalbattleagainstpoverty.Toalleviateandeventuallyeliminatepoverty,weneedtounderstandwhatpovertymeans,whatformsittakes,andhowitcanbeaddressed.Readthetextandfindouttheanswers.TextReadingindetailMeetingpovertyhead-on1

“Thebowlsneverwantedwashing.Theboyspolishedthemwiththeirspoonstilltheyshoneagain;andwhentheyhadperformedthisoperation,theywouldsitstaringatthecopper,withsucheagereyes,asiftheycouldhavedevouredtheverybricksofwhichitwascomposed.”Thisisascenefroma19th-centuryorphanageinthenovelOliverTwistbyCharlesDickens.TextReadingindetailThevividdescriptionportrayswellthetragiclivingconditionsofchildrenstrickenbypovertyinthepast.Wetendtoacceptsceneslikethismorenaturallybecausetheyarefromanagewhenpeopledependedonthehorseandcarriagetogetaround,andthesteamenginewasstillacutting-edgetechnology.TextReadingindetailHowever,almost200yearslater,despitesocialdevelopmentandtheexistenceoftechnologieslikeartificialintelligenceandmannedspacecraft,povertystillremainsawidespreadproblem,aspovertyalleviationdemandsfarmoreeffortthanimagined.TextReadingindetail2Today,accordingtotheUnitedNations(UN),1.2billionpeoplestillliveinacutemultidimensionalpoverty,andabouthalfofthesepeoplearechildrenandadolescentsunder18.Theproblemisrelatedtomanyotherissuesaffectinghumanwell-being.Thisiswhy“endingpovertyinallitsformseverywhere”tops

the2030Agenda

forSustainableDevelopment.Thatistosay,tobuildamorejustfutureforhumanity,tacklingpovertyisanessentialstartingpoint.TextReadingindetail3Beforefiguringoutthesolution,letusfirstdefinetheconceptofpovertyandmaptherealityonaglobalscale.TheUNhascreatedtheglobalMultidimensionalPovertyIndex(MPI),whichaimstoassessashortageofresourcesusing10indicatorsinthreedimensions:health,education,andstandardofliving.Thethreedimensionsareequallyweighted,sothateachofthemreceivesa1/3weight.TextReadingindetailAllindicatorsarealsoequallyweightedwithineachdimension.Forhealth,nutritionandchildmortalityarethemajorconsiderations,andeachofthemreceivesa1/6weight.Foreducation,yearsofschoolingandschoolattendancearemeasured,andeachofthemreceivesa1/6weight.Forstandardofliving,thefactorsforassessmentarecookingfuel,sanitation,drinkingwater,electricity,housing,andassets,andeachofthemreceivesa1/18weight.TextReadingindetailInotherwords,multidimensionalpovertyisnotsimplyaboutlivingonlowincomes,butaboutbeingunabletohavewhatareconsideredthebasicnecessitiesoflife.Aperson’sdeprivationscoreisthesumoftheweighteddeprivationstheyexperience.TheglobalMPIidentifiespeopleasmultidimensionallypooriftheirdeprivationscoreis1/3(33.3percent)orhigher.TextReadingindetail4Alookatanindividualcasemayhelpusbetterunderstandtheissue.Nyawala,52,isarefugeewhofledacrisisinsouthernSudanandcametoliveinacampinnorthernUganda.Sheandhernine-yearoldgranddaughternowliveinhousingwithadirtfloor,twobeds,asolarlamp,andapoweroutletchargedbyalow-costsolarpanel.Everyday,thewomenatthesettlementwalk15minutestoacommonboreholewelltofetchwater.TextReadingindetailToiletsaresharedwitheightotherfamilies.Forcooking,theyusefirewood.Althoughtheyaresometimesfoodinsecure,theyarenotdeprivedofnutrition.Nyawalaandhergranddaughterhavefewbelongings,buttheyareproudtohaveacellphoneandasolarlamp.Theyounggirlhasmissedseveralyearsofschoolbecauseofthecrisis.Nyawalahopestoenrollherinaprimaryschoolsoon,soshecancatchupandachievethelevelofeducationthatNyawalawasnotabletocomplete.TextReadingindetailBasedontheconditionsabove,Nyawalaandhergranddaughterareconsideredmultidimensionallypoorbecausetheyaredeprivedinsevenofthe10indicators,whichinthiscasetranslatesintoadeprivationscoreof61.1percent.TextReadingindetail5Basedonanunderstandingofthemultipledimensionsofpoverty,developmentprojectsallovertheworldaimtohelpthepoorinmanydifferentways.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,withaccesstoaffordableinterventionsinhealthandsanitation,childmortalityinunder-fivesworldwidehasbeenreduceddramatically,from12.6milliondeathsperyearto5millionperyearinthe30yearsfrom1990to2020.TextReadingindetailAsforschoolattendance,compulsoryeducationlawsplayanimportantroleinvariouscountries.Suchpoliciesservetominimizedifferencesineducationbetweencitiesandruralareas,reducethenumberofchildrenwhodropoutofschoolduetoeconomicpressures,andimprovethegenerallevelofeducationinapopulation.TextReadingindetailRegardinghousing,whichhasasignificantinfluenceonaperson’sstandardofliving,relocatingpoverty-strickenpeopleawayfrominhospitableareascanbeaneffectivewaytoimprovetheirlives.Resettledinnewhomes,theyoftengetbetteraccesstonecessitiessuchasrunningwater,flushtoilets,andmanyotherfacilities.TextReadingindetail6Despitethesuccessofthestrategiesmentionedabove,theissueofpovertycanbefurthercomplicatedbyclimatechange,worldevents,andissuesrelatingtoraceandgender.Theglobalcommunityunderstandsthatforittobesuccessful,thefightagainstpovertymustbeintegratedwithstrategiesthatbuildeconomicgrowthandaddresssocialneeds.

TextReadingindetailIttakesbothcourageandwisdomtofigureoutthesolutionsinspecificcontexts.Thisisnoeasytask,butitisacausethatwe,withtheaimofbuildingahumancommunitywithasharedfuture,needtofightfor.head-on:ad.ifsb.dealswithaproblemhead-on,theydonottrytoavoidit,butdealwithitinadirectanddeterminedway面对面地；毫不回避地（应对问题）例：Wehavedevelopednewpolicieswhichaddresstheissuehead-on.译：我们已经制定了新的政策来正面解决这个问题。vExpressionswith“head-on”include“tackleaproblemhead-on,”“meet(orface)somethinghead-on,”etc.Forexample:Despitethecomplexityofthesituation,theteamdecidedtotackletheproblemhead-on,demonstratingtheircommitmentanddetermination.Whenthecompanyfacedunprecedentedfinancialdifficulties,theCEOchosetomeetthechallengehead-on,implementingrigorouscost-cuttingmeasureswhileseekingnewgrowthopportunities.NotesThebowlsneverwantedwashing.Theboyspolishedthemwiththeirspoonstilltheyshoneagain…(Para.1)vTherewasnoneedtowashthebowls.Theboysweresohungrythattheywouldfinisheverybitoffood,andthereforethebowlswouldlookverycleanandshiny…MeaningvBackgroundinformationCharlesDickens(1812–1870)CharlesDickenswasanEnglishnovelist,generallyconsideredthegreatestoftheVictorianera.HismanyvolumesincludesuchworksasOliverTwist,AChristmasCarol,DavidCopperfield,BleakHouse,ATaleofTwoCities,GreatExpectations,andOurMutualFriend.Dickensenjoyedawiderpopularityduringhislifetimethananypreviousauthor.…,aspovertyalleviationdemandsfarmoreeffortthanimagined.(Para.1)vIttakesmoreeffortthanwemighthaveimaginedtoreducepoverty.MeaningvBackgroundinformationThe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentOfficiallyknownastheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)orGlobalGoals,the2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentisacollectionof17interlinkedobjectivesdesignedtoserveasa“sharedblueprintforpeaceandprosperityforpeopleandtheplanetnowandintothefuture.”vBackgroundinformationTheSDGsemphasizetheinterconnectedenvironmental,social,andeconomicaspectsofdevelopmentbyputtingsustainabilityattheircenter.TheSDGswereformulatedin2015bytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly(UNGA).Mosttargetsaretobeachievedby2030.toptheagenda/list/chart,etc.:comefirstinalistorinanorderofthings在议程、名单、列表等上面排第一位例：Theurgentmatterofcost-cuttinghastoppedtheagenda,promptingthemanagementtobrainstorminnovativewaystostreamlineexpenses.译：当务之急是削减成本，这促使管理层集思广益，想出新办法来精简开支。例：Therehavebeenleaderspushingtomakehealthcareamorejustspace.just:a.morallyrightandfair公正的；正义的译：一些领导人努力让医疗保健更加公正。vSynonymsfor“humanity”include“mankind,”“humankind,”“thehumanrace,”etc.Notes例：It’snownecessarytomapthefuturewithflexibilityandforesight.map:vt.discoverorshowinformationaboutsth.,esp.aboutitsshapeorarrangement,orhowitmovesorworks描述；呈现译：现在有必要以灵活性和远见来规划未来。例：Thevirusledtoanappallinghighinfantmortality.mortality:n.[U](also~rate)thenumberofdeathsduringaparticularperiodoftimeamongaparticulartypeorgroupofpeople死亡数；死亡率译：这种病毒导致婴儿死亡率高得惊人。vTheadjectiveformof“mortality”is“mortal,”whichmeans“notabletoliveforever.”Theantonymof“mortal”is“immortal,”meaning“livingorcontinuingforever.”Notes例：Researchhasshownthatsleepdeprivationcanresultinmentaldisorders.deprivation:n.[C,usu.pl.,U]thelackofsth.thatyouneedinordertobehealthy,comfortable,orhappy缺少；匮乏；贫困译：研究表明，睡眠不足会引发精神障碍。vWordsthatcollocatewith“deprivation”oftenreflectthenecessaryaspectsoflifethatsomeonemightbelackingordenied.Forexample,“sleepdeprivation,”“nutrientdeprivation,”“deprivationofrights,”and“economicdeprivation.”Notes例：Manyfamiliesinthepoverty-strickenregionarefoodinsecure,strugglingtoaccessandaffordadequatenutritiousfood.insecure:1)a.capableofbeinglostortakenfromyouatanytime无保障的；不可靠的；不稳定的译：贫困地区的许多家庭粮食没有保障，难以获得和负担足够的营养食品。例：Despitethesuccesshisbusinesswasexperiencing,Johnfeltinsecureaboutitsfuture,knowingthatitcouldpotentiallybelostintheever-changingmarkettrends.insecure:2)a.notconfidentaboutyourself无把握的；不自信的译：尽管约翰的生意取得了成功，但他知道有可能会在不断变化的市场趋势中迷失方向，因而他对生意的未来有不安全感。vThenounformof“insecure”is“insecurity.”Adjectivesthatoftengobefore“insecurity”are“deep,”“great,”“growing,”“increased,”“general,”“financial,”etc.Theprepositionoftenusedbefore“insecurity”is“about”.Thewordisalsooftenusedinphrases,e.g.“afeeling/senseofinsecurity.”Notes...,withaccesstoaffordableinterventionsinhealthandsanitation,childmortalityinunder-fivesworldwidehasbeenreduceddramatically,...(Para.5)vThankstothepracticalmeasures,whicharenottoocostly,toimprovehealthandsanitationconditions,theglobalchildmortalityrateforchildrenundertheageoffivehasgreatlydecreased.Meaning

例：Accordingtothedoctors,surgicalinterventionsareneededinthistypeofemergency.intervention:n.[C,U]theactofbecominginvolvedinanargument,fight,orotherdifficultsituationinordertochangewhathappens干涉；干预；介入（某种困难处境）译：据医生说，在这种紧急情况下需要手术干预。…,relocatingpoverty-strickenpeopleawayfrominhospitableareascanbeaneffectivewaytoimprovetheirlives.(Para.5)vMovingpeoplewhoarelivinginextremepovertyawayfromareasthatarenotconducivetohumanlife(forinstance,areaswithharshclimates,foodscarcity,ordeficientbasicservicessuchaswater,healthcare,andeducation)couldimprovetheirlivingconditionsandoverallwell-being.Meaning例：TheSaharaisoneoftheworld’smostinhospitableregions.inhospitable:a.aninhospitableplaceisunpleasantordifficulttovisitorlivein不适宜居住的；荒凉的译：撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最荒凉的地区之一。vNotesTheantonymoftheword“inhospitable”is“hospitable”,whichisusedtodescribeanenvironmentinwhichthingscangrow.Forexample:Thecoastaltown’shospitableclimateandwelcomingcommunitymakeitanidealplacetoretire.Theword“hospitable”alsomeans“friendly,welcoming,andgeneroustovisitors.”Forexample:ThehotelisrunbyahospitablecouplewhoarefromSichuan.…thefightagainstpovertymustbeintegratedwithstrategiesthatbuildeconomicgrowthandaddresssocialneeds.(Para.6)vEffortstocombatpovertyshouldbecombinedwithapproachesthatfostereconomicdevelopmentandmeetsocietalrequirements.Societyshouldnotonlyfocusonhelpingthepoorfinanciallyintheshort-termbutalsocreatelong-termsolutionssuchasjobopportunities,education,healthcare,etc.,thatwouldnourisheconomicprosperityandsocialwelfare,whichcansustainablyliftpeopleoutofpoverty.Meaning

Thisisnoeasytask,butitisacausethatwe,withtheaimofbuildingahumancommunitywithasharedfuture,needtofightfor.(Para.6)vThegoalofalleviatingpoverty,promotingeconomicgrowth,andaddressingsocialneedsisdifficulttoachieve,butit’sanimportantendeavorwemustundertakeinordertobuildashared,inclusive,andprosperousfuturefortheentirehumancommunity.MeaningvInthissentence,“Thisisnoeasytask”isacommonwayofexpressingthatsomethingisdifficultorchallenging.Forexample:Implementingsolutionsforclimatechangeisnoeasytask,butit’sacrucialresponsibilityweowetofuturegenerations.Notes1

“这些碗从来不用洗。孩子们用汤匙把它们刮得闪闪发亮；刮完碗，他们仍坐在那里，眼巴巴地盯着那口铜锅，恨不得把砌锅灶的砖头也吞下去。”这是查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》中，19世纪一所孤儿院里的情景。直面全球贫困问题这段文字生动地描述了旧时代贫困儿童的悲惨生活。这样的场景比较符合我们的心理预期，因为它来自一个人们依靠马和马车出行的时代，那时蒸汽机仍是一种尖端技术。然而，差不多过去了200年，尽管社会不断发展，人类已经拥有了人工智能和载人航天等技术，但贫困仍然是一个普遍存在的问题，因为扶贫所需要的努力远超普通人的想象。2目前，根据联合国的数据，全球仍有12亿人生活在严重的、不同形式的贫困中，其中大约一半是儿童及18岁以下的青少年。这个问题与影响人类福祉的许多其他问题相关。这就是为什么在联合国2030年可持续发展议程中，“终止全世界一切形式的贫困”被列为首要任务。也就是说，想要为人类建立一个更公正的未来，解决贫困问题是首要的出发点。3在找到解决方案之前，让我们首先定义贫困的概念，并描绘全球范围内的贫困现状。联合国创建了全球多维贫困指数（MPI），旨在通过健康、教育和生活水平三个维度的10个指标来评估资源的短缺情况。这三个维度的权重相同，因此每个维度的权重为1/3。在每个维度中，所有指标的权重也是相等的。在健康方面，营养和儿童死亡率是主要的考虑因素，每个因素的权重为1/6。在教育方面，受教育年数和入学率作为衡量指标各获得1/6的权重。对于生活水平，评估的因素为烹饪燃料、卫生设施、饮用水、电力、住房和资产，每一项均得到1/18的权重。换句话说，多维贫困不仅仅是指生活在低收入中，而是指无法拥有被认为是基本生活必需品的东西。一个人的贫困得分是指他所经历的各种资源匮乏的权重总和。在全球多维贫困指数框架中，如果一个人的贫困得分达到或超过1/3（33.3%），那么他就被认定为遭受着多方面的贫困。4通过观察一个个体案例，我们可以更好地理解这个问题。52岁的纳瓦拉是一名从南苏丹一次危机中逃离的难民，她居住在乌干达北部的一个难民营中。纳瓦拉和她9岁的孙女现在住在一间没有铺地板的房子里，有两张床、一盏太阳能灯和一个由低成本太阳能板充电的电源插座。每天，安置点的妇女都要步行15分钟到一个公用的自流井取水。厕所是与其他八个家庭共用的。她们用柴火烧饭。虽然她们偶尔会遇到食物短缺，但没有发生营养不良。纳瓦拉祖孙俩没有什么财物，但她们很庆幸能有一部手机和一盏太阳能灯。由于动荡，小姑娘错过了几年的学业。纳瓦拉希望能够尽快让孩子进入小学，这样孙女就能赶上并达到她自己没有机会享受的教育水平。根据上述条件，纳瓦拉和孙女被认为符合多维度贫困的标准，因为在10个指标中她们有7个都未达标，在本案例中这相当于61.1%的贫困得分。5

基于对贫困的多个维度的理解，世界各地的发展项目旨在以多种不同方式帮助穷人。根据世界卫生组织的数据，在经济能够承担的情况下，实施健康、卫生干预措施后，全世界五岁以下儿童的死亡率已大幅下降，从1990年到2020年的30年间，每年的死亡人数从1260万下降到了500万。至于入学率，义务教育法在各个国家都发挥着重要作用。这些政策有助于最大限度地减少城市和农村地区之间的教育差异，减少因经济压力而辍学的儿童人数，并提高人口的总体教育水平。关于对一个人的生活水平有重大影响的住房问题，将贫困人口迁离荒凉地区可以成为改善他们生活的有效途径。易地搬迁后，他们往往可以获得自来水、冲水马桶和许多其他必要的生活设施。6尽管上述扶贫策略取得了成功，但气候变化、国际关系以及与种族和性别有关的问题会使贫困问题进一步复杂化。全球社会有所共识，要想取得消除贫困的胜利，必须将其与经济增长、解决社会需求的战略相结合。想要针对具体情境，找到解决方案，人类既需要勇气也需要智慧。这不是一项简单的任务，而是我们为建设人类命运共同体而为之奋斗的事业。

Povertyisaprimaryconcernforsustainabledevelopment.Para._____21.Matchthefollowingstatementswiththeparagraphstheysummarize.aGettingtheidea

Thepovertyproblemportrayedinliteraryworksabouttheolddayshasnotdisappeared,evenwiththedevelopmentofmoderntechnologies.

Para._____bAvarietyofmeasureshavebeentakentotacklepovertyworldwide.

Para._____c15Gettingtheidea

Anindividualcaseisusedtohelpunderstandhowamultidimensionallypoorfamilyismeasured.

Para._____dPovertycanbeassessedusing10indicators.

Para._____e43Gettingtheidead

Wemusttakespecificcontextsintoconsiderationwhendesigningstrategiesforpovertyalleviation.

Para._____f6Gettingtheidea2.Answerthefollowingquestionsbyfillingintheblanks.•Health:1)________________________________•Education:2)______________________________________________•Standardofliving:3)____________________________________________________________________________

Whataretheindicatorsofpoverty?1nutritionandchildmortalityyearsofschoolingandschoolattendancecookingfuel,sanitation,drinkingwaterelectricity,housing,andassetsGettingtheidea•Housing:Theyliveinhousingwithadirt4)________________________________________________________________________________________.•Drinkingwater:Everyday,theywalk5)_____________toacommonwellforwater.•Sanitation:Theyshare6)__________witheightotherfamilies.

WhyareNyawalaandhergranddaughterconsideredmultidimensionallypoor?2floor,twobeds,asolarlamp,andapoweroutletchargedbyalow-costsolarpanel15minutestoiletsGettingtheidea•Cookingfuel:Theyuse7)____________forcooking.•8)_________:Theyhavefewbelongings,butforacellphoneandasolarlamp.•Yearsofschooling:Nyawala’sgranddaughterhasmissed9)__________________________becauseofthecrisis.•Schoolattendance:Nyawalahopestoenrollhergranddaughterina10)_________________soon,sothattheyounggirlcancatchupthelevelofeducationthatNyawaladidn’tcomplete.firewoodAssetsseveralyearsofschoolprimaryschoolGettingtheidea•Withaccesstoaffordable11)________________________________________,childmortalityinunder-fiveswasreducedworldwideover30years.•12)_______________________________playanimportantroleinreducingthenumberofchildrenwhodropoutofschool.•Relocating13)____________________________awayfrominhospitableareashelpsthesepeoplegetbetteraccesstonecessities.

Whateffortshavebeenmadetohelpthepoorallovertheworld?3interventionsinhealthandsanitationCompulsoryeducationlawspoverty-strickenpeopleGettingtheidea3.Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Gettingtheidea1Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Ittakesbothcourageandwisdomtofigureoutthesolutionsinspecificcontexts”inParagraph6?2AsmentionedinParagraph5,relocatingpoverty-strickenpeopleawayfrominhospitableareascanbeaneffectivewaytoimprovetheirlives.ThepictureonPage146showsYuanlongVillageofMinningTown,amodelforpoverty-alleviationwork,whichwelcomedmanyrelocatedfamilies.Inwhatwaysdoyouthinkrelocationcanhelppovertyalleviation?1Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Ittakesbothcourageandwisdomtofigureoutthesolutionsinspecificcontexts”inParagraph6?Addressingpovertyrequiresindividualsandpolicymakerstopossessbothcourageandwisdom.Tofigureouteffectivesolutions,theyneedthecouragetofacethechallengingissuesrelatedtohealth,education,andlivingstandards,aswellasthefactorsthatcomplicatetheissueofpoverty,suchasclimatechange,worldevents,andissuesrelatingtoraceandgender.GettingtheideaReferenceanswersThismayinvolvetakingboldactionandmakingtoughdecisions.Additionally,wisdomisneededtomakeinformedandwell-thought-outchoicesthatconsiderthespecificfactorsinfluencingpovertyinaspecificcontext,suchasnutrition,childmortality,schooling,accesstobasicnecessities,andoveralllivingconditions.Thecombinationofcourageandwisdomenablesacomprehensiveunderstandingofthecomplexfactorscontributingtopovertyandhelpsinformulatingappropriatestrategiestocombatit.GettingtheideaReferenceanswers2

AsmentionedinParagraph5,relocatingpoverty-strickenpeopleawayfrominhospitableareascanbeaneffectivewaytoimprovetheirlives.ThepictureonPage146showsYuanlongVillageofMinningTown,amodelforpoverty-alleviationwork,whichwelcomedmanyrelocatedfamilies.Inwhatwaysdoyouthinkrelocationcanhelppovertyalleviation?GettingtheideaRelocationcancontributetopovertyalleviationinseveralways:•Accesstobetteropportunities:Relocationoftenmeansmovingfromruralareastourbanorsemi-urbanregionswherethereareoftenmorejobopportunities.Thiscanassistindividualstosecuresteadyemploymentandincreasetheirincome.GettingtheideaReferenceanswers•Improvedinfrastructure:Relocatingtoareaswithbetterpublicinfrastructurecanyieldaccesstoqualityhealthcare,education,sanitationfacilities,andhousing,allofwhichcansignificantlyimproveone’squalityoflife.•Skilldevelopment:Moredevelopedareascanprovideaccesstoinstitutionsforskilldevelopment.Peoplecantherebyimprovetheiremploymentprospectsandabilitytoearnabetterincome.GettingtheideaReferenceanswers•Accesstosocialservices:Inmanycases,socialservicesaremorereadilyavailableoraccessibleinurbanareasorregionsbeingtargetedforpovertyalleviation.Thiscanincludethingslikefoodassistance,childcareassistance,educationalgrants,andmore.

GettingtheideaReferenceanswersWhenexplainingaconceptoranalyzinganissue,itisgoodpracticetouseau