知识管理与资讯科技

知識管理與資訊科技1大綱資訊價值鏈與知識管理知識的各種觀點與資訊科技知識的類型與資訊科技知識管理流程與資訊科技Intranet與知識管理結論2為何要知識管理知識經濟興起資源基礎競爭優勢不可分割管理能力歷史知識資源重要性知識早已存在組織從資訊價值鏈看知識的價值3實體價值鏈原料入庫生產成品入庫行銷銷售虛擬價值鏈資訊蒐集組織資訊選擇資訊綜合資訊配送資訊新市場虛擬價值鏈(RayportandSviokloa,1995)4知識的各種觀點一

(AlaviandLeidner,2001)Knowledge,Data,andInformationDataisfacts,rawnumbersInformationisprocessed/interpreteddataKnowledgeispersonalizedinformationExposingindividualstopotentiallyusefulinformationFacilitatingassimilationofinformation

ITwillbeextendedtowardhelpinginuserassimilationofinformation5知識的各種觀點二

(AlaviandLeidner,2001)StateofmindKnowledgeisthestateofknowingandunderstandingEnhancingindividual’slearning/understandingthroughprovisionofinformation

ITistoprovideaccesstosourcesofknowledge6知識的各種觀點三

(AlaviandLeidner,2001)ObjectKnowledgeisanobjecttobestoredandmanipulatedBuildingandmanagingknowledgestocks

ITistoprovidegathering,storing,andtransferringknowledge7知識的各種觀點四

(AlaviandLeidner,2001)ProcessKnowledgeisaprocessofapplyingexpertiseKnowledgeflowsandtheprocessofcreation,sharing,anddistributingknowledge

ITistoprovidelinkamongsourcesofknowledgetocreatewiderbreadthanddepthofknowledgeflows8知識的各種觀點五

(AlaviandLeidner,2001)AccesstoinformationKnowledgeifaconditionofaccesstoinformationOrganizingaccesstoandretrievalofcontent

ITistoprovideeffectivesearchandretrievalmechanismsforlocatingrelevantinformation9知識的各種觀點六

(AlaviandLeidner,2001)CapabilityKnowledgeisthepotentialtoinfluenceactionBuildingcorecompetenciesandunderstandingstrategicknow-how

ITistoenhanceintellectualcapitalbysupportingdevelopmentofindividualandorganizationalcompetencies

10知識的分類(NonakaandTakeuchi,1995)

可編撰，外顯知識Codifiedknowledge事實知識Know-what原理與規則Know-why默會，內隱知識Tacitknowledge技能知識Know-how知道產生的源頭知識Know-who11組織知識創造策略

(NonakaandTakeuchi,1995)

社會化（Socialization）將個人內隱知識轉化為組織內隱知識內部化（Internalization）經由反覆實驗與事物促成，由外顯知識轉為內隱知識外部化（Externalization）將基於主觀內隱知識轉換成客觀外顯知識合併（Combination）將個人外顯知識轉為群體或組織外顯知識12SocializationExternalizationInternalizationCombinatoniigiiiiiiogggggoTacitKnowledgeTacitKnowledgeTacitKnowledgeTacitKnowledgeExplicitknowledgeExplicitknowledgeExplicitknowledgeExplicitknowledgeKnowledgeCreation(NonakaandTakeuchi,1995)13知識管理流程與資訊科技

(AlaviandLeidner,2001)KnowledgeCreationKnowledgeStorage/RetrievalKnowledgeTransferKnowledgeApplication14KnowledgeCreationSupportingITDataminingLearningtoolsITenablesCombingnewsourcesofknowledgeJustintimelearningPlatformtechnologiesGroupwareandcommunicationtechnologiesIntranet15SocializationExternalizationInternalizationCombinatonKnowledgeCreationBa(NonakaandKnono,1998)Oringinating

BaexistentialExercisingBasyntheticInteractingBaCyberBareflectivesystematicfacetofaceonthesitepeertopeergrouptogroup16KnowledgeStorage/RetrievalSupportingITElectronicbulletinboardsKnowledgedatabasesITenablesSupportofindividualandorganizationalmemoryInter-groupknowledgeacessPlatformtechnologiesGroupwareandcommunicationtechnologiesIntranet17KnowledgeTransferSupportingITElectronicbulletinboardsKnowledgedirectoriesDiscussionforumsITenablesMoreextensiveinternalnetworkMorecommunicationchannelsavailableFasteraccesstoknowledgesourcesPlatformtechnologiesGroupwareandcommunicationtechnologiesIntranet18定義連續性移轉相似性移轉差別性移轉策略性移轉專家式移轉某團隊從工作獲得知識移轉到該團隊不同情況之任務團隊在經常重複任務中獲得顯性知識，複製到執行類似任務其他團隊團隊執行非例行任務時獲得隱性知識，移轉給其他部門執行類似任務團隊組織將偶爾完成重要策略性任務得來集體知識移轉給整個組織工作團隊需要的技術知識，這種知識超越該團隊知識範圍，但可從其他單位獲協助接收團隊任務背景相似度類似任務新背景類似任務類似背景不同不同任務影響全體任務不同背景相似任務屬性經常非例行經常例行經常非例行不常非例行不常例行知識類型外顯與內隱顯性隱性顯性與內隱顯性設計指導原則定期會議資料庫人際互動互惠交流員工為活知識庫流程名稱即時蒐集知識網資料庫電子佈告欄討論區KnowledgeTransfer(Dixon,2000)19KnowledgeApplicationSupportingITExpertsystemsWorkflowsystemsITenablesKnowledgecanbeappliedinmanylocationsMorerapidapplicationofknowledgethroughworkflowautomationPlatformtechnologiesGroupwareandcommunicationtechnologiesIntranet20組織知識整合策略

(Scott,1999)Intranet跨平台與開放性標準能力單一資料庫存取介面多方資料存取與企業資訊系統整合知識庫資料格式21組織知識管理策略

(Scott,1999)使用知識庫與先進存取技術在任何地方與地點取得關鍵知識