非谓语动词讲解

高中英语非谓语动词用法对比讲解篇

一、不定式与动名词做主语：

1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：

Collecting

information

about

children’s

health

is

his

job.

收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。

It’s

necessary

to

discuss

the

problem

with

an

experienced

teacher.

与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。

2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：

（1）It’s

difficult

(important,

necessary)

for

sb.

to

do

（2）It’s

kind

(good,

friendly,

polite,

careless,

rude,

cruel,

clever,

foolish,

brave)

of

sb.

to

do.

3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：

It’s

no

good

(use,

fun)

doing.

It’s

(a)

waste

of

time

one’s

doing.

It’s

worth

while

doing.

二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：

1、不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建议是立刻开始干。

His

teaching

aim

of

this

class

is

to

train

the

students’

speaking

ability.

他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。

2、动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。

Its

full-time

job

is

laying

eggs.

它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。

3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。

Ourworkisservingthepeople．我们的工作是为人民服务。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps．他的爱好是集邮。The

task

of

this

class

is

practising

the

idioms.

（现在分词做表语）

With

the

help

of

the

teacher,

the

students

are

practising

the

idioms.

（现在进行时）

4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting,

amusing,

disappointing,

missing,

puzzling,

exciting,

inspiring,

following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。

The

joke

is

amusing

.这笑话很逗人。

The

problem

is

puzzling.

这个问题令人不解。

5、如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。

Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.Thewindowwasbroken.常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：

used,

closed,

covered,

interested,

followed,

satisfied,

surrounded,

done,

lost,

decided,

prepared,

saved,

shut,

won,

completed,

crowded,

dressed,

wasted,

broken,

married,

unexpected等。

6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：

interest（使…感兴趣），surprise（使…吃惊），frighten（使…害怕），excite（使…兴奋），tire（使…疲劳），please（使…满意），puzzle（使…迷惑不解），satisfy（使…满意），amuse（使…娱乐），disappoint（使…失望），inspire（使…欢欣鼓舞），worry（使…忧虑）

它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：

Climbing

is

tiring.

爬山很累人。

They

are

very

tired.

他们很疲劳

After

hearing

the

exciting

news,

he

gave

a

speech

in

an

excited

voice.

三、不定式与动名词做宾语：

1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：

want,

wish,

hope,

expect,

ask,

pretend,

care,

decide,

happen,

long,

offer,

refuse,

fail,

plan,

prepare,

order,

cause,

afford,

beg,

manage,

agree,

promise等。

2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：

enjoy,

finish,

suggest,

avoid,

excuse,

delay,

imagine,

keep,

miss,

appreciate,

be

busy,

be

worth,

feel

like,

can’t

stand,

can’t

help,

think

of,

dream

of,

be

fond

of,

prevent…(from),

keep…from,

stop…(from),

protect…from,

set

about,

be

engaged

in,

spend…(in),

succeed

in,

be

used

to,

look

forward

to,

object

to,

pay

attention

to,

insist

on等。

3、有类动词既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语，有时意思区别不大，有时则大不相同。具体说来，在like,love,bear,intend,plan,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue等后接不定式和动名词区别不大；而在try,remember,forget,mean,stop,can’thelp,goon等后面则大不一样，注意下列结构的区别：Tryodosth(努力去做)Heforgottoaskmetosenttheletter.I

shall

never

forget

finding

that

rare

stamp

on

an

ordinary

envelope.

我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。

Remember

to

write

to

us

when

you

get

there.

到那里，记得给我们写信。

I

don’t

remember

meeting

him.

我不记得见过他。

I

regret

to

tell

you

that

I

can’t

go

to

your

birth-day

party.

我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。

They

regretted

agreeing

to

the

plan.

他们后悔同意这个计划。

He

tried

to

pretend

to

share

in

the

pleasure

with

his

friend.

他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。

She

tried

reading

a

novel,

but

that

couldn’t

make

her

forget

her

sorrow.

她试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。

I

didn’t

mean

to

hurt

you.

我没有企图伤害你。

A

friend

indeed

means

helping

others

for

nothing

in

return.

真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。

4、动名词作need,

want,

require,

be

worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。

The

washing-machine

needs

repairing.（或用：needs

to

be

repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。

The

point

wants

referring

to.

这一点要提到。

This

English

novel

is

worth

reading.

这本英文小说值得一读。

The

situation

in

Russian

required

studying.

俄国形式需要研究。

四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：

1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：

ask,

tell,

beg,

allow,

want,

like,

hate,

force,

invite,

persuade,

advise,

order,

cause,

encourage,

wait

for,

call

on,

permit,

forbid

The

doctor

advised

him

to

stay

in

bed

for

another

few

days.

医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。

We

wish

him

to

remain

and

accept

the

post.

我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）

2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see,

watch,

notice,

hear,

feel,

make,

let,

have等。例如：

We

noticed

him

enter

the

house.

我们留意到他进了那所房子。

The

boss

made

them

work

twelve

hours

a

day.

老板让他们一天干12小时工作。

注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲，而做“制造、有”解时，跟带有to的不定式做状语。

Mother

made

a

cake

to

celebrate

his

birthday.

妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。

He

had

a

meeting

to

attend.

他有个会要开。

3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see,

watch,

notice,

observe,

hear,

feel,

make,

set,

have,

leave,

keep,

find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例：

We

heard

him

singing

the

song

when

we

came

in.

当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。

We

have

heard

the

song

sung

twice.

我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。

五、非谓语动词做定语：

A.learning,totravel

B.learning,

traveling

C.tolearn,travel

D.tolearn,totravel

(

)29.Thepartywasasuccess,butwethoughtitapitynot______you.

A.toinvite

B.tobeinviting

C.tohaveinvitedD.tobeinvited

(

)30.WhenIhandedthereporttoHohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson______.

A.tosend

B.forsendingit

C.tosenditto

D.forsendingitto

(

)31Onceyourbusinessbecauseinternational,_____constantlywillbepartofyourlife.

A.yourfly

B.yourflightC.fightD.flying

(

)32“Canyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice.

A.angrilypointing

B.andpointangrily

C.angrilypointed

D.andangrilypointing

(

)33.Atfirsthedidn’tmean_______part,buthecouldn’tresist______atry.

A.totake,having

B.

taking,tohave

C.totake,tohave

D.taking,having

(

)34.Thewallsoftheroomsaresaid___whiteinnotime.

A.tobepainted

B.painted

C.topaint

D.havingbeenpainted

1-5ACBDB6-10ABCBB11-15CADBD16-20BBABB21-25CDADB26-30DDDCC31-35DAAAD

(

)35.Wearenot_____fools_____believewhathesays.

A.such,asB.so,toC.such,whoare

D.such,asto

(

)36.Theoldmanseems______hereformorethantwentyyears.

A.tobeliving

B.tohavelived

C.tohavebeenlivedD.tolive

(

)37Theexplosionsentus______inalldirections.

runB.runningCtorunD.ran

(

)38.Iregret_____youthatweareunabletoofferyouemployment.

tohaveinform

B.havinginform

C.toinform

D.informing

(

)39.Didyouseethatboy_______thepoliceoverthere.

A.questioned

B.tobequestioned

C.beingquestionedD.questioning

(

)40.______everythingintoconsideration,theyoughttobegivenanotherchance.

A.Taken

B.TakingC.Totake

D.Havingtaken

(

)41.There’snoneed_______.Wehavegotplentyoftime.

A.having

B.tohurry

C.tobehurried

Dbeinghurried

(

)42.-What’sthechanceofthere_____anelectionthisyear?-Ihavenoidea.

is

B.tobe

C.beingD.be

(

)43.If_____,theexperimentwillbesuccessful.

carefullydoing

B.itdonecarefully

C.carefullydone

D.doingcarefully

(

)44.Goodcaremustbabiesparticularlywhiletheyareill.

takeB.takenofC.betakenD.betakenof

(

)45.LittleFranzthoughtofnothingbut______football.

play

B.toplayC.played

D.playing

(

)46._____areplyhedecidedtowriteagain.

Notreceiving

B.Receiving

C.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived

(

)47.____tosomeone,aBritishpersonoftenshakeshandswiththestranger.

Introducing

B.Tointroduce

C.TobeintroducedD.Onbeingintroduced

(

)48.Withlotsoftreesandflowers_____hereandthere,thecitylooksverybeautiful.

A.havingplanted

B.planted

C.havebeenplantedD.tobeplanted

(

)49.Paulcan’tattendtheparty____atTom’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingforthespeechattheparty_______atMary’shousetomorrow.

beingheld,tobeheldB.tobeheld,held

C.held,beingheld

D.tobeheld,tobeheld

(

)50.-Car17wontherace.-Yes,butitsdrivercamecloseto________.

A.havingbeenkilled

B.havebeenkilled

C.bekilled

D.beingkilled

()51.Thedetective,_____toreadanewspaper,glancedattheman______nexttoawoman.

A.pretending,seat

B.pretending,seated

C.pretended,seatingD.pretended,seated

(

)52.-Whatmadeyousoangry?-_______.

Tomhavingbeenlateagain

Tomtobelateagain

Tom’sbeinglateagain

Tomwaslateagain

(

)53.-Shallwegoswimming?–Ok,I’lljustgoandget_______.

A.tochange

B.changingC.changed

D.itchanged

(

)54.Thewayhehadtheproblem_____hisability.

settingshowed

B.settledshowing

C.settledshowedD.settledshowing

(

)55.______,hiseyesfillwithtearsagain.

A.Whenasked

B.Onasking

C.Onbeing

D.Whenhewasasked

(

)56TheproposalIobjectedto________finallylastnightandIdidnotfeelhappyaboutit.

passing

B.pass

C.waspassedDpassed

(

)57.Thereareonly30seconds___andwecan’tbut____withouthim.

A.togo,togo

B.togo,go

C.going,go

D.going,togo.

(

)58.Johnplanned_____aroundEuropeonhorseback,buthisambitionhasnotbeenachievedtilltoday.

A.tohavetraveled

B.totravel

C.traveling

D.histraveling

(

)59.Tomdrankupthewholebottleofmilk,_____evenadroptohislittlebrother.

A.notleaveB.leavingC.notleaving

D.nottoleave

(

)60.When____behind,thelittlegirlalwayscriesforMum.

leavingB.beingleftC.tleaveD.left

(

)61.There______tobuses.wehadnochoicebut_______atasmallhotelforthenight.

were,tostayB.being,tostay

C.being,stay

D.were,stay

(

)62._____usedtobeherjob,butshehasnowturned_______.

A.Toteaching,toadvertising

B.Teaching,tadvertise

C.Teaching,toadvertising

D.Toteach,anadvertising

(

)63.Ratherthan_____onacrowedbus,Iprefer____toworkeveryday.

toride,towalkB.riding,walking

C.ride,towalk

D.toride,walking

(

)64.WhenIpassedtheparkIsawthegrass______bysomeworkerswithlawnmovers.

A.cut

Btobecut

C.beingcutD.cutting

(

)65-Theproject_____forhousingdevelopmentisveryimportant.-Isee,butheissuretoworkitoutontime.

A.madeBtobemadeC.making

D.havingbeenmade

(

)66.Theboywithleg______needs___.

broken,beinglookedafter

breaking,tolookafter

broken,lookingafter

breaking,tobelookedafter

(

)67.Isawhimstopoffthepavement,______theroad,anddisappearintothepostoffice

A.crossed

B.crossingC.crossD.tocross

(

)68.Whydoyoustandwatchthemilk_______over.

A.boiling

B.boiledCtoboil

D.beingboiled

(

)69.-Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus.

-I’dliketowalk.Butsincethereisn’tmuchtimeleft,I’dratheryou_______ataxi.

A.walking,hire

B.towalk,hire

C.walking,hired

D.towalk.hired

(

)70.Doyouknowtheman,withhishand_______hiseyes?

A.toshade

B.shadingC.shaded

D.beingshaded

(

)71.IcanhardlyimaginePeter______acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.

sail

B.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed

(

)72.TheOlympicGames,_______in776B.C,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.

A.firstplayed

B.tobefirstplayed

C.firstplaying

D.tobefirstplaying

(

)73.Inthepast,peopleused_____thatthemoonwastoofaraway________.Butnowitispossibleforman____therebyspaceship.

tothink,nottoreach,toget

.tothink,toreach,toget

tothinking

,toreach,willget

thought,toreach,togetto

(

)74.Hersonpromised_____inthebedroomuntilthebabystopped_______.

A.staying,tocry

B.tostay,crying

C.forstaying,tocryD.tostay,tocry

(

)75.Ihadn’texpectedRobert_____,butIhadhoped____.

toapologize,thathecouldcall

apologize,thathewouldcall

toapologize,himcallme

toapologize,himtocallme

()76.Iwonderedwhetherthefilmwas_____worth____.

A.very,tosee

B.well,seeing

C.very,beginning

D.well,tobeseen

(

)77.Themanmanagedtomakehimself____withhis_____French.

understood,breakingB.understand,broken

C.understand,breakingD.understood,broken

(

)78.Iforbid____here,Whohaspermittedyou___here?

smoking,tomake

B.smoke,smoking

C.smoking,

smokingD.tosmoke,smoking

(

)79.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking.

nevertodrive

B.toneverdrive

C.neverdriving

D.neverdrive

(

)80.Aperson_____aforeignlanguagemostbeabletousethelanguage______allhisown.

learning,forgettingB.tolearn,toforget

C.using,but

D.wholearns,toforget

(

)81._____fromthemoon,ourearth,withwater______seventypercentofitssurface,appearasa“blueball”

See,covered

B.Seeing,covering

C.Seen,coveringD.Tosee,tocover

(

)82.Assheislookingforwardto______fromme,pleaseremember_______thisletteronyourwaytoschool.

A.hear,post

B.hearing,topost

C.beheard,postingD.behearing,toposting

(

)83.Thesentenceneeds______.

toimprove

B.improveC.improving

D.improved

(

)84.Thelecturebeganby_____uswheretheislandwasandwenton_____aboutitshistory.

A.telling,talking

B.totell,totalk

C.telling,totalk

D.betold,talking

(

)85.Afterseeingthemovie.____.

thebookwasreadbyhim

thebookmadehimwanttoreadit

hewantedtreadthebook

thereadingofthebookinterestedhim

(

)86.Heissaid_____forfiveyears.

tohavedied

B.todie

C.tohavebeendeadD.dead

(

)87.Idon’tthinkitadvisable_______.

yourstudying

mathB.youtostudymathC.foryoutostudymathD.ofyoutostudymath.

(

)88Itisfoolish______suchamistake.

formetomakeB.formemaking

C.ofmetomakeD.ofmemaking

(

)89.-Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?

-Which_______doyourself?

A.doyourather

B.wouldyourather

C.willyouratherD.shouldyourather

(

)90.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident___losehisjob.

A.sonotasto

B.soasnotto

C.soastonot

D.notsoasto

(

)91.Shereachedthetopthehillandstopped______onabig