考研《英语一》洛阳市洛宁县2023年临考冲刺试题含解析

考研《英语一》洛阳市洛宁县2023年临考冲刺试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Xinxin,a12-year-oldstudentfromBeijing,enjoyedhiswintervacationwithhisfatherinSingapore.Duringtheirvisit,heevenhadthechanceto1someofSingapore'ssightsbyhimself2hisfatherwasbusywithotherthings.Xinxin’sfirstadventure3inSingaporewasatawaterparkneartheirhotel.Heenjoyedswimmingand4intothewaterbyhimself,andthenreturnedtothehotelbeforeatimeintheeveningthatwas5byhisfather.TheboyalsomadeatriptoUniversalStudiosSingapore6aguardian.Hehadalreadybeentotheparkwithhisfathertwotimesduringthetrip.Xinxinvolunteeredtomakehis7tripbyhimself.Hisfathergavehimsomepocketmoneytobuylunch,andthenXinxinrodetheshuttlefromtheirhoteltothestudios.Hespentawholedaythereandhada8time.InaninterviewwithBeijingEveningNews,Xinxin’sfathersaidthat9hewastoobusytospendallhistimewithhisson,hedecidedtogivehimtheopportunitytodevelopasenseof10HadXinxin’smotherbeenthere,shewouldnothaveletXinxinoutofhersight,thefathercommented.1、A．study B．explore C．test D．measure2、A．while B．until C．before D．unless3、A．along B．alive C．alone D．lonely4、A．floating B．surfing C．driving D．diving5、A．made B．set C．decided D．asked6、A．under B．behind C．with D．without7、A．first B．second C．third D．fourth8、A．terrible B．miserable C．fantastic D．flexible9、A．though B．since C．if D．when10、A．independence B．daring C．pride D．diligenceSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1TheHarvardPre-CollegeProgramisaniceexperienceforhighschoolstudents.Alongsidepeers(同辈)fromaroundtheworld,you’llbeintroducedtocollegelifeasyouattendclasses,liveoncampus,andenjoyfunoutingsandactivities.◆LearningwithoutlimitsBiology,physics,law,writingandphilosophy—thesearejustafewofthe30-pluscoursesyoucanchoosefromineachsession.Inournoncreditclasses,wesetasidegradessothatyoucanfullycommittoyourgrowthasawell-roundedstudent.Classsizestypicallyrangefrom14to18studentstoencourageinteractivelearning.◆LivingatHarvardWhenyouattendthePre-CollegeProgram,you’llliveinahistoricundergraduatehouse,nearHarvardSquare.YouwillbewithyourfellowPre-Collegestudents,residentdirectors,andproctorswhoprovidesupport.You’llalsoenjoymealsinoneofHarvard’sdininghalls,whichareashortwalkfromHarvardYardandprovidemanyoptionsforavarietyofdietaryneeds.◆ThrivingoutsidetheclassroomThesummerPre-CollegeProgramoffersmanymentallychallengingco-curricular(补充课程的)activitiesbeyondtheclassroom.WithfacultyandHarvard-affiliatedexperts,youwillhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinworkshopsontopicslikethepsychologyofcolor-blindness,classicliteraturefromaroundtheworldandscienceofhappiness.FromourCambridgescavengerhunttoatriptotheSandSculptingFestivalatAmerica’sfirstpublicbeach,there’snoshortageoffunactivitiesinthePre-CollegeProgram.1、Whatdoweknowaboutthe30-pluscourses?A．Youcanonlychoosefiveofthem.B．Theyprovidecreditsforstudents.C．Youshouldsetasideothersubjects.D．Theyassistyourfulldevelopment.2、Wherecanyouenjoymealsduringtheprogram?A．NearHarvardSquare. B．ClosetoHarvardYard.C．Inoneoftheworkshops. D．Inanundergraduatehouse.3、Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toadvertisemeals. B．Tocommentonanactivity.C．Tointroduceaprogram. D．TorecommendcoursesText2Businessdependsonproductivityandemployee’sinteraction(互动)withcustomers.Themoreproductiveacompanyisandthebetteritscustomerserviceis,themoreincomeitmakes.Productivityismeasuredbytheoutputofemployees.Nootherfactorinfluencesproductivityandcustomerinteractionmorethanhowtheemployeesthinkabouttheirjob.Workingenvironmentsarenotthesame.BlameDonais,inhisbookWorkplacesThatWork,definescultureas“asystemofsharedbeliefs,valuesandnorms(规范)thatshapebehavior”.Thissystemofsharedbeliefscreatestheatmosphereinwhichtheemployeesworkanddeterminestheirworthinthecompany,theiropportunitieswithinthecompanyandtheiropinionsoftheirmanagers.Areviewofthecultureoftheworkplacehelpsthemanagementteamtocreatemodelsthatinspireamoreproductiveandemployee-friendlyculture.Understandingtheworkplaceculturegivesthemanagementinsight（洞察力）astowhathinders(阻碍)production,whatcanbechangedandwhatpoliciescanbeadded.Negativeculturesdiscourageemployees,formhavingopinions.Thisisgenerallyaresultofamanagementteamthatonlyseesemployeesfortheirproductionvalues.Employeeswhodon’tfeelvaluedmoveontocompaniesthatencouragetheirinput.Thehighturnoverresultsinlessqualifiedemployees.Positiveworkplacecultureskeepmoreemployees.Employeeswhoremaininpositionsforextendedperiodsoftimedeveloprelationshipswithpreferredcustomersandcanoftenbethereasonthatacustomerdoesbusinesswithacompany.Motivatedemployeesvaluethecompany’sassets（资产）more,andtheirdecisionsreflectthisvalue.JoanHodgins,amanagementpsychologist,insiststhat“Researchshowsorganizationsthatarecommittedtodevelopingandmaintainingacultureof‘dignityatwork’,harvestthebenefitsintermsoffinancialresults.”BlameDonaisadvisesthatlargeworkplacesbeawareofsubculturesthatcandevelopindifferentregionsintheworld.Largecompaniesmayneedoutsidehelptocreatenationalorglobalplatformstoencourageaunitedcultureamongalltheirlocations.1、Whatinfluencesacompanymostaccordingtothetext?A．Itscustomerservice.B．Itsefficientproduction.C．Itsmanagers’workattitude.D．Itsemployees’opinionsaboutwork.2、WhatcanwelearnaboutBlameDonais’attitude?A．Hethinspeoplehavedifferentopinionsonnegativecultures.B．Hethinkslargeworkplacesshouldmaintainadifferentculture.C．Hethinksthesystemofsharedbeliefsisnotfitforworkplaces.D．Hethinkssubculturesareofgreatimportancetolargeworkplaces.3、Whatwaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheImportanceofWorkplaceCultureB．TheDisadvantagesofWorkplaceCultureC．HowtoChooseaQualifiedCompanyD．HowtoEmployQualifiedEmployeesText3WecanvideochatwithastronautsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStationandwatchlivefootagefromthefrozenheightsofEverest.Butcommunicatingwithasubmarine(潜艇）oradiverisnotsoeasy.Thelackofpracticalmethodsforsharingdatabetweenunderwaterandairbornedeviceshaslongbeenafrustrationforscientists.Thedifficultystemsfromthefactthatradiosignalsworkperfectlyinairtravelbutpoorlyinwater.Sonar(声呐）signalsusedbyunderwatersensorsreflectoffthesurfaceofthewaterratherthanreachingtheair.Now，researchersatMIThavedevelopedamethodwiththepotentialtorevolutionizeunderwatercommunication.“Whatwe’veshownisthatit’sactuallyfeasibletocommunicatefromunderwatertotheair,"saysFadelAdib，aprofessoratMJT’sMediaLab，wholedtheresearch.TheMITresearchersdesignedasystemthatusesanunderwatermachinetosendsonarsignalstothesurface,makingvibrations(震动)correspondingtothelsandOsofthedata.Asurfacereceiverthenreadsanddecodesthesetinyvibrations.TheresearcherscallthesystemTARF.Ithasanynumberofpotentialreal-worlduses,Adibsays.Itcouldbeusedtofinddownedplanesunderwaterbyreadingsignalsfromsonardevicesinaplane'sblackboxanditcouldallowsubmarinestocommunicatewiththesurface.Rightnowthetechnologyislow-resolution.TheinitialstudywasconductedintheMITswimmingpoolatmaximumdepthsofaround11or12feet.ThenextstepsfortheresearchersaretoseeifTARFisworkableatmuchgreaterdepthsandundervaryingconditions—highwaves,storms，schoolsoffish.Theyalsowanttoseeiftheycanmakethetechnologyworkintheotherdirection—airtowater.Ifthetechnologyprovessuccessfulinreal-worldconditions,expect“textingwhilediving”tobethelatestunderwaterfashion.1、WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph1?A．Thefutureofvideochatunderwaterandinair.B．Thefrustrationsofdevelopingunderwaterdevices.C．Thedifficultyofcommunicationfromwatertoair.D．Thecurrentsituationofcommunicatingwithasubmarine.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feasible”mean?A．Achievable. B．Convenient.C．Changeable. D．Alternative.3、WhatdoweknowaboutTARF?A．Itiswidelyusedtofinddownedplanes.B．Itcanworkwellatgreatdepthsunderwater.C．Itisanunderwatermachinethatsendssignals.D．Itcansend，receiveandreadsignalsfromunderwater.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheReal-worldUsesofSonarTechnologyB．FullWater-to-airCommunicationClosertoRealityC．ABreakthroughintheApplicationofVideoChatD．TARFBecomingaNewMeansofCommunicationText4FestivalsinWalesthisspringThere’slotstosee,doandexperienceinWalesthisspring.Andnowit’stimetoembraceallthingsnewandgetreadytobeentertainedinthespring,comerainorshine.Wrexham,10-12MayTheannualfestivalshowcasesover200actsconsistingofmusic,comedy,filmandmore.Sinceitsopeningeventin2011,FocusWaleshasdonealotforemerging（新兴的）musiciansacrossthecountry,and2018seesWelshMusicPrizewinnerTheGentleGoodandYSelarBestBandwinners.Candelas,takethestage. Aberystwyth,19-29MayWhetheryoupreferHillClimbsorSportives,theAberCycleFestivalallowsyoutotakeallofitinfromthesaddle（鞍）ofabike,enjoyingtheworld’smostbeautifulscenery.However,allworkandnoplaymakesusalldullboysandgirls,sowhileyou’reintownbesuretopopintooneortwooftheplentyofpubsinAber（asthelocalscallit）foranice,coldpintofBrainsbeer.You’llneeditafterallthatcycling!HayonWye,25-28MayTheworld’sbiggestmusicandphilosophyfestivalreturnsin2018withitsuniquemixoftunes,talksandtrapeze（吊杠）（yes,thereareevencircusperformers!）BasedinthemagicalsurroundingsofHayonWye,thisfourdayfestivaltakesplaceattheendofMayandisperfectforeveryonewholikesasideofintellectualism（理智主义）withtheirtraditionalfestivalexperience.Lawrenny,25-28MayInlateMayintheheartofthePembrokeshireNationalPark,theBigRetreatWalestakesplace.Essentiallythefestivalisaboutwellness,butit’salsosomuchmorethanthat.JoininthisMayforfourdaysof“fedgood”,leavingyourusualroutinebehindanddivingintoadelightfulmixofworkshops,activities,musicandsustainablefoodproduce.1、ThefestivalsinWalesareheldannually.A．inearlyMayB．insideandoutsideofWalesC．inrainyorsunnyweatherD．forlocalsonly2、WhatisspecialaboutAberystwyth,19-29May?A．Youcanfindaplacetorelaxaftertheactivity.B．Youcanmeetyourfavoritebandwinners.C．Ithasanatmosphereofnaturalbeautyandtradition.D．Itdoesn’tlastlongenough.3、Janeisanofficeworkerandfitnessenthusiastandwantstoexperiencesomethingunusual.Whichfestivaldoyousuggestshegoto?A．Wrexham,10-12MayB．Aberystwyth,19-29MayC．HayonWye,25-28MayD．Lawrenny,25-28MayPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,violencedidexistinschoolsStudentsshowedtheirfearandparents1．teachersalsoexpressedtheirgreatconcernaboutitExpertssuggestmoreattention2．(pay)toitbythewholesocietyforthementalhealthofadolescents．Nowadays,schoolviolenceis3．hotissueIthinkthisisaphenomenon,4．callsforourgreatconcernWeshouldtryeveryeffort5．（prevent）violencehappeningatschoolformoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonal6．（safe）couldnotbeguaranteedInfact,violencecanbelearnedChildrenlearnviolentbehaviorfromadultsorfrom7．theyseeontelevisionorontheInternet．IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolence8．violence,foritwillresultin9．（much）fightingIwilltellmyteachersorparentsaboutitIthinktheywillhelpmedealwithitwellandtheywillprotectmefromthebadguys．Allinall,everystudentshouldbehave10．（he）andkeepawayfromviolence．Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankHowDoAvalanchesHappenIfyou’reeverskiinginthemountains,you’llwanttobeawareofavalanchesAnavalancheisasuddenflowofsnowdownaslope,suchasamountainTheamountofsnowinanavalanche1．(vary)basedonmanythings,butitcanbesuchahugeamountthatitcanburythebottomofaslopeindozensoffeetofsnowAvalanches2．becausedbynaturalthingsForexample,newsnoworraincancausebuilt-upsnowtoloosenandfalldownthesideofamountainArtificialtriggers（诱发因素）canalsocauseavalanchesForexample,snowmobiles,skiers,andexplosives3．(know)toleadtoavalanchesAvalanchesusuallyoccurduringthewinterandspring,4．snowfallisgreatestAstheyaredangeroustoanylivingbeingsintheirpath,avalancheshavedestroyedforests,roads,railroadsandevenentiretownsWarningsignsexistthatallowexpertstopredict--andoftenprevent--avalanchesfrom5．(occur)Whenoverafootoffreshsnowfalls,expertsknowtobeonthelookoutforavalanchesExplosivescanbeusedinplaces6．massivesnowbuildupstotriggermuchsmalleravalanchesthatdon’tposeadangertopersonsorpropertyWhendeadlyavalanchesdooccur,themovingsnowcanquicklyreachover80milesperhourSkierscaughtinsuchavalanchescanbeburiedunderdozensoffeetofsnow7．it’spossibletodigoutofsuchavalanches,notallareabletoescapeIfyougettossedaboutbyanavalancheandfindyourself8．(bury)undermanyfeetofsnow,youmightnothaveatruesenseofwhichwayisupandwhichwayisdownSomeavalanchevictimshavetriedtodigtheirwayout,onlytofindthattheywereupsidedownanddigging9．fartherunderthesnowratherthantothetop!Expertssuggestthatpeoplecaughtinanavalanchetrytodigaroundyou10．(create)aspaceforair,soyoucanbreathemoreeasilyThen,doyourbesttofigureoutwhichwayisupanddiginthatdirectiontoreachthesurfaceandsignalrescuersSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)TheroadtohappinessWeallknowthatmoneycan’tbuyhappiness,butmanytimesweactasifwe’dbehappierwithabitmoremoney.Wearetrainedtowantthelateststylethattelevisiontellsus1、Butnoneofthatwinbringushappiness.Nomatterhowmuchweearn,nomatterhowniceourclothingorcarsortoys,noneofitwillmakeushappier.Andthesadthingisthatitcouldtakeusdecadestopursuingwealthandluxuryitemsbeforewerealizethis.Sowhatwillbringushappiness?2、Positivethinking.I’mobviouslyabigproponentofpositivethinkingasthebestwaytoachieveyourgoals,butitturnsoutthatitcanleadtohappinesstoo.3、Happypeoplefeelenergetic,incontroloftheirlives,andhaveapositiveattitudetolife.4、Wehaveahumanneedtobeclose.Havinggood,supportivefriendships,astrong,marriageorcloseandlovinglinkswithourfamilymemberswillmakeusmuchmorelikelytobehappy.Flow.ThisisapopularconceptontheInternetthesedays-thestateweenterwhenwearecompletelyfocusedontheworkbeforeus.Havingworkandleisurethatgetsyouinthisstateofflowwillalmostundoubtedlyleadtohappiness.Peoplefindgreatestenjoymentnotwhenthey’repassivelymindless,butwhenthey’reabsorbedinamindfulchallenge.5、Don’twastethem!A．GoodrelationshipsB．You’vebeengiventhethreesecretstohappinessC．Infact,thisshouldbeoneoffirsthabitsyoudevelopD．Inmaysoundridiculous,butithasworkedformeeverytimeE.Luckily,here’rethreesecretstohappinessthatdon’tcostathingF.Wewanttoearnmoremoneybecausethenwe’llhavethegoodlifeG.Optimismandself-esteemaresomeofthebestindicatorsofpeoplewholeadhappylivesLanguageLearningLearninganewlanguagecanbetrickyatanyage.Butinarecentstudy,scientistshavepinpointedtheexactageatwhichyourchancesofreachingfluencyinanewlanguageseemtoquicklydropoff:10.DoesthismeanyoushouldquityourFrenchclassifyou’reolderthan10?Non!1、Itfoundthatit’s“nearlyimpossible”toreachfluencyifyoustartlearningalanguageafterage10.That’snotbecauselanguageskillsstarttogodownhill.“You’restilllearningfast,”saysJoshuaHartshorne,oneofthestudy’scoauthors.“It’sjustthatyourunoutoftime,becauseyourabilitytolearnstartsdroppingataround17or18yearsold.”Peoplewhostartlearninganewlanguageafterage10maystillbecomequitegood,theauthorssay.2、Kidsmaybebetterthanadultsatlearningnewlanguagesformanyreasons.Children’sbrainsaremoreadaptablethanthoseofadults.3、“Alllearninginvolvesthe