老高考适用2023高考英语一轮总复习第二编语法突破专题十二情态动词和虚拟语气北师大版

专题十二情态动词和虚拟语气1.(2020·天津高考，1)Jimsayswestayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.答案：can句意：吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。根据后面的“aslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy”可知，我们“可以”待在他的房子里。2．(2020·江苏高考，28)IfIhadn'tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I(notbe)whereIam.答案：wouldn'tbe句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据设空后whereIam可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，故用wouldn'tbe。3．(2019·天津高考，14)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.答案：wouldhaveaccomplished此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用wouldhavedonesth表示“本来能够做某事”。4．(2019·江苏高考，31)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe(have)agoodtimetogether.答案：wouldhavehad句意：真遗憾！你错过了观光，否则我们在一起会玩得很开心。根据Whatapity!Youmissed...以及or(否则)可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，句中的or代替if条件句表示含蓄的条件，故用wouldhavedone结构。5．(2018·天津高考，10)Ican'tfindmypurse.I(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.答案：may/mighthaveleft句意：我找不到我的钱包了。昨天我可能把它落在超市了，但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语“yesterday”可知，此处是对过去发生的事情的推测，需用“情态动词＋havedone”；再根据句中的“butI'mnotsure”可知，此处应用may/mighthavedone表示对过去发生的事情不太肯定的推测。6．(2018·江苏高考，24)It'sstrangethathehavetakenthebookswithouttheowner'spermission.答案：should句意：真奇怪，他竟然未经主人允许就把书拿走了。“should＋完成时”用来对“过去发生的情况”表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为“竟然”。7．(2017·天津高考，15)—DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I(be)abletoreachheryesterday.答案：wouldn'thavebeen此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个含蓄条件状语从句，由yesterday可知，本句表示对过去的虚拟，此处表述“不然我昨天就联系不上她了”。故此处用wouldn'thavebeen。8．(2017·天津高考，2)Myroomisamess,butIcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.答案：needn't由but表示转折可知，房间虽然很乱，但是“不需要/没必要”打扫。9．(2017·北京高考，34)Ifthenewsafetysystem(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.答案：hadbeenput表示对过去情况的虚拟，if从句用过去完成时；system与put之间是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。10．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，短文改错)Ilikeeatingfriedtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.答案：去掉第一个tomust是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。情态动词一情态动词的用法续表二need和dare的用法三情态动词后跟完成式的用法形式用法例句musthavedone对过去的动作的肯定推测。表示肯定做过某事Heisn'there.Hemusthavemissedthetrain.can't/couldn'thavedone表示对过去情况的否定推测Joecan'thaveleft.Isawhimjustnow.may/mighthavedone表示对过去情况的不太肯定的推测。用于肯定句、否定句，但不用于疑问句。表示“可能”。mighthavedone也用于虚拟语气句，表示未实现的动作HemighthavehearditwhileIwastalkingtoyou.needn'thavedone表示过去没有必要做，但实际上做了Youneedn'thavewakenmeupsoearly.It'sSundaytoday.oughtto/shouldhavedone表示过去本应该……，而实际上并未做Ishouldhavefinishedtheworkearlier.wouldhavedone表示本应该……，而未……Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.couldhavedone表示本来可以做，但是没有做YoucouldhavestayedwithBabara.虚拟语气一虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法续表二虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法续表Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．You(tell)meaboutitearlier;ifIhadknownthetruth,Iwouldhavehelpedherout.答案：should/oughttohavetold句意：你本应该早点告诉我的。如果我知道真相，我会帮助她走出困境的。过去本应做某事而没做，要用should/oughttohavedone。2．Ellenisafantasticdancer;IwishI(dance)withher.答案：dancedwish后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气，从句中用所给动词的过去式表示对现在情况的虚拟。3．Irecommendthatyou(try)B.答案：(should)tryrecommend,suggest,request,command等表示建议、命令的词后面的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。4．Youdon'thavetoknowthenameoftheauthortofindabook;youfindthebookbythetitle.答案：can句意：你不需要知道作者的名字就能找到一本书，你可以按书名找到这本书。此处指按书名你就可以找到这本书，表示一种可能性，应使用情态动词can。故填can。5．—Didyouenjoyyourtrip?—Yes.Butforyouradvice,we(notenjoy)ourstayinLondonhalfasmuch.答案：wouldn'thaveenjoyedbutfor“要不是……”，常表示对过去情况的虚拟，此时主句的谓语动词常用wouldhavedone。6．Hewould(like)torepresenthiscountryinthe1984WinterOlympics,buttherewerealargenumberofdownhillcompetitors,andEdwardsdidn'tqualify.答案：haveliked句意：他本想代表他的国家参加1984年的冬季奥运会，但有大量的速降选手，爱德华兹没有获得参赛资格。根据本句后面的“Edwardsdidn'tqualify”可知，爱德华兹没有成功获得参赛资格，故用“would＋have＋done”虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，意思是“本来会做”。7．Whyhehaveaskedyousuchaquestion?答案：shouldshould可用在从句或者主句中，带有感情色彩，意为“竟然”。句意：他竟然会问你这样的问题？8．Nowwecarryphoneswhereverwego,soitistimethatphones(determine)design.答案：determined/shoulddetermine在固定句型It's(high)timethat...中，that后的句子谓语动词用一般过去时，或者用“should＋动词原形”。故填determined/shoulddetermine。9．Shenothaveheardyouwhenyougreetedher.答案：may/might此处表述“可能没有”且是对过去情况的假设，故填may/might。10．Ifwe(take)anotherroad,wewouldn'thavebeenstuckinthetrafficjamforsolong.答案：hadtaken表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Hecommandedthatallthegatesshutwhenitwasgettingdarkincasethievescamein.答案：shut前加(should)mand“命令，要求”，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“shoulddosth”，其中should可以省略。此处gates与shut构成被动关系，应用被动语态。2．Hewalkedinasifheboughttheschool,andthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.答案：bought前加hadasif引导的方式状语从句应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。3．WhatIwanttoemphasizeisthatnoonemustsucceedwithouthardworkandconcentration.答案：must→can句意：我想强调的是：不努力学习和专心致志，任何人都不会成功的。can表示能够，must“必须”。应把must改为can。4．IwouldratheryouvisittheBeihaiParkwithustomorrow.答案：visit→visitedwouldrather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或者将来事实相反的假设用一般过去时。5．GoodbooksopenedawindowtodifferentworldsIotherwisewouldhadneverentered.答案：had→have句意：好的书籍为我打开了一扇通向不同世界的窗户，否则我永远也进不去。此处是虚拟语气，wouldhaveneverdone“本不会做某事(实际做了)”。故将had改为have。Ⅲ.短文改错(2022·四川省眉山市高三摸底考试)TheotherdayIaswellasmyparentswereeatinginarestaurantwhenwenoticedaforeignercomingin.Heseatshimselfatatablebythewindow.Soonawaitresscameandwantedtotakeherorder.However,theforeignercouldn'tgothisneedsacross.Seeingthis,Iwentupimmediatetooffersomehelps.WecommunicatedwithsimpleEnglishforawhilebutIlaterknewwhythewaitresscouldn'tunderstandhim.TheforeigneractuallywantedBeijingRoastDuck,buthehadawrongChinesepronunciation.Hearingmyexplanation,thewaitresscouldn'thelptolaughing.Theforeignerhimselfalsolaughed.答案：TheotherdayIaswellasmyparentseq\o(were,\s\do8(①was))eatinginarestaurantwhenwenoticedaforeignercomingin.Heeq\o(seats,\s\do8(②seated))himselfatatablebythewindow.Soonawaitresscameandwantedtotakeeq\o(her,\s\do8(③his))order.However,theforeignercouldn'teq\o(got,\s\do8(④get))hisneedsacross.Seeingthis,Iwentupeq\o(immediate,\s\do8(⑤immediately))tooffersomeeq\o(helps,\s\do8(⑥help)).Wecommunicatedeq\o(with,\s\do8(⑦in))simpleEnglishforawhileeq\o(but,\s\do8(⑧and))Ilaterknewwhythewaitresscouldn'tunderstandhim.Theforeigneractuallywantedeq\o(∧,\s\do8(⑨a))BeijingRoastDuck,buthehadawrongChinesepronunciation.Hearingmyexplanation,thewaitre