国际贸易实务部分重点

重点单词：Demurrage滞期费ImportLicense进口许可证MoreorlessClause溢短装条款LeasingTrade租赁贸易ContainerYard(CY)集装箱堆场ContainerFreightStation(CFS)集装箱货运站TradeDeficit贸易赤字SealedSample封样OrderB/L指示提单CounterSample对等样品TelegraphicTransfer(T/T)电汇PartialShipment分批装运UsanceL/C远期信用证TimeCharter定期租船AdvisingBank通知行ReceivedforShipmentB/L备运提单Cross-borderE-Commerce跨境电子商务OnBoardB/L已装船提单FullContainerLoad(FCL)整箱装Lessthanacontainerload(LCL)拼箱装DispatchMoney速遣费TradeTerm贸易术语FavourableBalanceofTrade贸易顺差StaleB/L过期提单AdvancedB/L预借提单Transshipment转运DemonstrativeEndorsement指示性背书C-concludedPrice含佣价ForceMajeure不可抗力Counter-offer还盘FoulB/L不清洁提单F.P.A(FreefromParticularAverage)平安险W.P.A(WithParticularAverage)水渍险A.R(AllRisk)一切险GrossforNet以毛作净NeutralPacking中性包装BreachofContract违反合同TheoreticalWeight理论重量ConditionedWeight公量TheInsured被保险人1、托收的优缺点(collection)Advantages:(1)Itfacilitatestheimportertogetfinancing.(2)Theexpensesarelow.Disadvantages:Iftheimportergoesbankruptorisnotinapositiontopaythedebts,thentheexporterwillfacetheriskofnon-paymentorlatepaymentbytheimporterbecausethebankwillnothaveobligationstotakecareofthegoods.2、分批装运的定义和理由(PartialShipment)定义:Itmeansthegoodsunderthecontractshallbeshippedatdifferenttimeordifferentlotsincaseofanexportbusinesscoveringalargeamountofgoods.原因:Itisdonebecauseofthelimitationofshippingspaceavailable,poorunloadingfacilitiesattheportofdestination,dullmarketseason,orpossibledelayintheprocessofmanufacturingofthegood.3、转运的定义和理由（Transshipment）定义：Inoceanshipping,isthemovementofgoodsintransitfromonecarriertoanotherattheportsoftransshipmentbeforethegoodsreachtheportofdestination.理由：Transshipmentisnecessarywhenshipssailingdirecttotheportofdestinationarenotavailable,theportofdestinationdoesnottiealongthesailingrouteoftheliner,ortheamountofcargoforacertainportofdestinationissosmallthatnoshipswouldliketocallatthatport.4、提单的定义和种类（BillofLading）定义：Itisadocumentsignedbyacarrier(atransporterofgoods)orthecarrier’srepresentativeandissuedtoaconsignor(theshipperofgoods).Itisalsoareceiptfromtheshippingcompany,givingdetailofaparticularshipment.种类：1)Accordingtowhetherthegoodshavebeenloadedonboardthevessel,theB/Lisdividedinto:已装船提单（Shipped/OnBoardB/L）备运提单（ReceivedforShippingB/L）2）Accordingtowhethertherearenotesonthebilloflading,itfallsintotwokinds:清洁提单CleanB/L不清洁提单Unclean/FoulB/LAccordingtowhethertheB/Listransferable,itisdividedinto3kinds:Straight;Bearer;OrderB/L记名提单（StraightB/L）不记名提单（BearerB/L）指示提单（OrderB/L)4)Accordingtothemodesoftransport,itcanbedividedinto3kinds:Direct;transshipment;throughB/L直达提单（DirectB/L）转船提单（transshipmentB/L）联运提单（throughB/L）5)AccordingtotheissuingdateofB/L,itcanbedividedinto3kinds:Stale;Anti-dated;AdvancedB/L过期提单(StaleB／L)倒签提单(Anti-datedB／L)预借提单(AdvancedB/L)6）按提单的使用效力正本提单(originalB/L)副本提单(copyB/L)7）Accordingtothetimeforpaymentoffreight,itcanbedividedintotwotypes.FreightprepaidB/L(运费预付提单)FreighttobecollectedB/L(运费到付提单)5、海运的优缺点Advantages:1.Easypassage2.Oceantransporthasalargecapacity3.Becauseofsuchlargecapacity,theunitdistributioncostisreduced4.Goodadaptabilitytocargoesofdifferentsize,weight,shape,etc.Disadvantages:1.Slowpassage2.Vulnerabletobadweatherandlesspunctual6、基本险和附加险的分类和定义BasicInsuranceCoverage：F.P.A,W.P.A,A.RAdditionalInsuranceCoverage：GeneralAdditionalRisks,SpecialAdditionalRisk7、发盘的撤回、撤销和有效期的定义发盘撤回：Thewithdrawalofanofferreferstothefactthatbeforetheofferreachestheofferee,whichistosaybeforeitbeginstocomeintoeffect,theofferorwithdrawsit.发盘撤销：Therevocationofanofferreferstothefactthatwhentheofferreachestheofferee,thatistosayitbeginstocomeintoeffect,theofferorrevokestheoffer.有效期：Thetimevalidityordurationofanofferreferstothebindingtimeoftheofferorovertheofferee,whichisthetimefortheoffereetoaccept.8、唛头的内容ShippingMarks：Itisusuallymadeupofgeometricaldiagrams,letters,figuresandsimplewords.Thecontentsofshippingmarksareasfollows:---Consignee’scode:---ReferenceNo.---Destination---Packagenumber9、跨境电商物流的种类1)Internationalexpress2)Postalparcel3)Overseaswarehouse4)Multinationalbusinessofdomesticexpress5)Speciallinelogistics10、发盘的有效期以及有效期发盘的条件条件：①Therewillbespecifiedofferee.②Allthecontentsintheoffershouldbeveryclear.③Intheofferthebindingsofthetransactionforbothpartiesshouldbeclearlyexpressed.④Theoffereeshouldreceivetheofferwithinitsvalidity.11、不可抗力的定义和特点定义:Forcemajeuremeansthatthefrustrationofthecontractbythepartyinquestionresultsfromnaturalorsocialforcesincludingflood,earthquake,typhoon,fire,warandgovernment,orbegivenanoptionofprolongingtheperformanceofthecontractowingtotheabove-mentionedeventorseriesofevents.特点：①Externality②Unforeseeability③Unavoidability12、质量机动幅度的定义和种类定义：QualityLatitudeflexibleallowancereferstotheflexibilityforthosespecificqualityindicationsinacertainrange.种类:QualityLatitudeA.SpecificationofrangeB.SpecificationoflimitationC.Specificationofmoreorless13、汇票的当事人出票人drawer受票人drawee收款人payee14、汇票的流程①Todraw②Presentation③Acceptance④Payment⑤Endorsement15、信用证的优缺点优点：Both