2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案10

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训

练含答案

Haveahardtimewakingupwhenit'scoldout?Scientistssay

yourbrainistoblame.Astudyconductedbyscientistsfrom

NorthwesternUniversitymadeitpossibletooffersome

explanationsforthisphenomenon.

Theirstudyonfruitfliesshowshowseasonallycoldanddark

conditionscanprohibitneuronswithintheflybrainthat

promoteactivityandwakefulnessfromsendingoutsignals,

particularlyinthemorning.Ithelpsexplainswhy,forbothflies

andhumans,itissohardtowakeupinthemorninginwinter.

"Bystudyingbehaviorsinafruitfly,wecanbetter

understandhowandwhytemperatureissovitaltoregulate

sleep,"saidMarcoGallio,associateprofessorofneurobiologyin

theWeinbergCollegeofArtsandSciences.

Thestudydescribesforthefirsttime"absolutecold”

receptorsintheflyantenna,whichrespondtotemperatureonly

belowthefly1s"comfortzone"ofabout25℃.Having

recognizedthoseneurons,theresearchersfollowedthemallthe

waytotheirtargetswithinthebrain.Theyfoundtheirtargetsare

asmallgroupofbrainneuronsthatarepartofalargernetwork

thatcontrolsrhythmsofactivityandsleep.Whentheneurons

theydiscoveredareactive,thetargetcells,whichnormallyare

madeactivebymorninglight,areshutdown.

^Temperaturesensingisoneofthemostfundamental

abilities,z,saidGallio,whosegroupisoneofonlyafewinthe

worldthataresystematicallystudyingtemperaturesensingin

fruitflies."Theprincipleswearefindingintheflybrain,thelogic

andorganization,maybethesameallthewaytohumans.And

futurestudiesonhumanbrainwillsurelyfindsomereference

informationinthisstudy.”

5.Whyisithardforfliestowakeupincoldmornings?

A.Coldconditionsdisabletheantennasofflies.

B.Flicshavefewerneuronsinthebrainthanhumans.

C.Coldnessstopsflies'neuronsfromfunctioningwell.

D.Flies'neuronscontrollingwakefulnessaredamaged.

6.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?

A.Itfocusesmainlyonhowflybrainswork.

B.Ithelpsexplainhowtemperatureaffectssleep.

C.Itaimsatsolvinghumans'sleepingproblems.

D.Itshowsthesimilaritiesbetweenflybrainsandhumanbrains.

7.Whichpartofafruitflywillbemadeactivewhenitiscold?

A.Itsantenna.B.Itstargetcells.

CIts"absolutecold"receptors.DItsnetworkcontrollingsleep.

8.What'sGallio,sattitudetowardsthepracticalvalueofthe

findings?

A.Positive.B.Doubtful.C.Ambiguous.D.Disappointed.

CBCA

ForestshaveacrucialroleincoolingEarth,ssurfaceby

absorbingCO2likeasponge（海Z帛）.Butonlytwo-thirdsoftheir

coolingpowercomesfromtheirabilitytosuckinCO2andstore

it,accordingtoastudybyDeborahLawrence,anenvironmental

scientist.Theotherone-thirdcomesfromthebiophysicaleffects

—theirabilitytocreateclouds,dampentheairandrelease

coolingchemicals.

Treesintheforestsprovideshade,buttheyalsodampenthe

airbypullingwaterfromthegroundandreleasingitfromtheir

leaves,whichhelpstocoolthesurroundingareainawaysimilar

tosweating,Lawrencesays.

This,inturn,createstherightconditionsforclouds,which,

likesnowandiceintheArctic,canreflectsunlighthigherintothe

atmosphereandfurthercoolthesurroundings.Treesalso

releaseorganiccompoundsthatreactwithotherchemicalsin

theatmospheretosometimescreateanetcoolingeffect.

Toquantify（量化）theseeffects,Lawrenceandhercolleagues

comparedhowthevariouseffectsofforestsaroundtheworld

feedintotheclimatesystem,breakingdowntheircontributions

inrangesoftendegreesoflatitude（纬度）.Theresearchersfound

thattheworld,sforestscoolthesurfaceoftheplanetbyaround

0.5℃becauseofbiophysicaleffectsalone.

Threatstorainforestsaredangerousnotonlyfortheglobal

climate,butforcommunitiesthatneighbourtheforests,

Lawrencesays.Sheandhercolleaguesfoundthatthecooling

causedbybiophysicaleffectswasespeciallysignificantlocally.

Havingarainforestnearbycanhelptoprotectanareazs

agricultureandcitiesfromheatwaves,Lawrencesays.nEvery

tenthofadegreemattersinlimitingextremeweather.And

whereyouhaveforests,theextremesareminimized.

Thisstudyconfirmsthatforestshaveothersignificantwaysof

affectingtheclimatesystm,givingusmorereasonswhy

deforestationisbadfortheclimate.Itcouldenablescientiststo

improvetheirclimatemodels,whilehelpinggovernmentsto

workoutbetterconservationandclimatestrategies.

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"This"inParagraph3refer

to?

A.Thetreeleavesinforests.B.Theshadeprovidedbytrees.

C.Thesurroundingareainforests.D.Thewatercirculationdone

bytrees.

33.HowdidLawrencequantifythebiophysicaleffectsofforests?

A.Byremovingsomeotherfactors.

B.Bycomparingdataofdifferenttimes.

C.Bystudyingthecontributionsseparately.

D.Bymeasuringthetemperatureindifferentplaces.

34.WhatisthesignificanceofLawrencezsstudy?

A.Itdevelopsanewclimatemodel.

B.Itmattersinlimitingextremeweather.

C.Ithighlightsthedangersofdeforest