热点60煤炭资源等与能源安全(原卷)备战中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读题型专练(全国通用)

备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练热点60煤炭资源等与能源平安一、阅读理解1Rightnow,thebiggestsourceofenergy(能源)intheworldisfossilfuel(矿物燃料).Fossilfuelsareoil,gas,andcoal(煤).Morethan80percentoftheworld’senergycomesfromfossilfuel.Therearemanyproblemswithfossilfuel.Oneproblemisthatwhenfossilfuelisburned,itpollutestheair.Also,whenwetakefossilfuelfromtheEarth,weoftencausealotofharm.Anotherproblemisthatwe’rerunningoutofit.Abigsourceofenergyformanycountriesisnuclearpower(核能).Thirty-onecountriesusenuclearpower.Alotofshipsalsouseit.Nuclearpowerhassomeadvantages(优点).Firstofall,wecan’trunoutofnuclearpower.Nuclearpowerdoesnotmaketheairdirty.Also,ifacountryhasnuclearpower,itdoesn’tneedtobuyasmuchoilfromothercountries.However,therearealsoalotofproblemsthatcomewithnuclearpower.Forexample,nuclearaccidentsareveryserious.In1986,therewasanuclearaccidentinRussia.Inthenext20years,about4,000peoplegotsickanddied.In2021therewasanotherveryseriousnuclearaccidentinJapan.Thatwasseveralyearsago,butJapanisstilltryingtocleanupthenuclearwastefromtheaccident.Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.Theysaythatit’snotsafe.AlotofpeopleintheUnitedStates,Russia,France,Japan,India,andmanyothercountrieswanttheircountriestousesaferandcleanerwaystogetelectricity(电力).Sometimestheygettogethertoshowtheirstrongdisagreementwithnuclearenergy.Manypeoplehatenuclearenergy,butmoreandmorecountriesareusingit.Onereasonforthisisthattheworldisusingmoreandmoreenergy.Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.1.Inthesecondsentenceofthefifthparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedword“it〞mean?A.Thecountry. B.Nuclearpower. C.Aperson. D.Theelectricity.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Nuclearpowerisakindoffossilfuels. B.Therewerenonuclearaccidentsin1986.C.Nuclearpoweriseasyenoughtomake. D.Peoplemayrunoutoffossilfueloneday.3.Thefollowingsentencewouldbestbeplacedattheendof________.“That’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.〞A.Paragraph1 B.Paragraph3 C.Paragraph4 D.Paragraph54.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ASafeSourceofEnergy? B.TheBestEnergySourceintheWorld!C.EveryoneLovesNuclearPower. D.WeShouldOnlyUseFossilFuels.2Thousandsofyearsago,peopledidn’tknowthattheEarthmoved.Theythoughtthesunreallydidmoveacrossthesky.TheGreekGodHelioswassaidtodrivethesunacrosstheskywithhischariot.Butnow,thewaypeoplethinkhaschanged.Nowadays,itisthesunthatdrivesa“chariot〞aroundthesky.WhatdoImeanbythis?Well,quitesimply,thereisnowaplane(or“chariot〞)thatispoweredbythesun.Ithasspecialpartsonitswings.Thesepartsabsorbpowerfromthesun.Theygetsomuchpowerthattheplanecanstillflyevenatnight.InGreekmythology,Helioshadtotakeabreakatnight.Itseemswe’refinallyevenmorepowerfulthanthegodsthemselves.ThisplaneiscalledSolarImpulse.ItwillflyacrosstheUSnextmonth.Thisisveryimportantforthefutureoftheworld.Whyissolarenergyimportant?Well,otherkindsofenergyareknowntocauseproblems.IfyouliveinChina,you’veprobablynoticedthepollution.Thisiscausedbyburningcoalandgastomakeenergy.Theheatandchemicalscreatedbyburningthesethingsgiveuspower.Butifweusepowerfromthesun,wedon’thavetoburnanythingandtherewillnotbeanypollution.Solarenergyisnotreadyyet.Itneedstobeimproved.Butthebestthingaboutitisthat,unlikecoalandgas,itdoesn’trunout.TheSolarImpulseplanecouldprettymuchkeepflyingforever.Ofcourse,thesun’slightwillfinallyrunouttoooneday,butnotforanother5billionyears.That’saprettylongflight.5.TheSolarImpulse________.A.hastotakeabreakatnight B.ispoweredbychemicalsC.hasalreadyflownacrosstheUS D.isaspecialkindofplane6.Whatcanwelearnaboutsolarenergyinthispassage?A.Peoplecanusesolarenergyforever.B.Solarenergyisthemostpopularenergy.C.UsingsolarenergymakestheEarthcleaner.D.Creatingsolarenergyishardbutimportant.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“absorb〞inParagraph2probablymean?A.lookfor B.takein C.giveaway D.makeup8.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thespecialplaneofsolarenergy. B.Thewaysofmakinguseofenergy.C.ThestoryoftheGreekGodHelios. D.Theusesandadvantagesofsolarenergy.3Thereisnotenoughoilintheworldnow.Astimegoesby,itbecomeslessandless,sowhatarewegoingtodowhenitrunsout?Perhapswewillgobacktousehorses,carriagesandbicycles.IntheSecondWorldWar,somepeopledidn’tusegasmadefrompetroleum〔石油〕intheircars.Theymadegasfromwoodandplantsinstead.Thecardidn’tgofast,buttheyran,sothiswasbetterthannothing.However,inthefuture,wecan’tcutdownallourtreestomakegas;weneedourtreesforotherthings,too.Besidesdifferenttypesofgas,wecanalsouseelectricity〔电〕torunourcars,butfirstwemustmakeelectricity!Somecountrieshavecoalandtheymakeelectricitywiththat,butwemightnotalwayshavecoal,either.Othercountrieshavebig,strongrivers,andtheycanusethepowerofwatertoturnturbines〔涡轮机〕andmakeelectricitymoreeasilyandcheaply.Wearealsoabletogetpowerfromtheoceantides〔海潮〕.Weputturbinesintothemouthoftheriver.Thenthetidecomesin,thewaterturnstheturbinesandthenitgoesout,itturnsthemagain.Whichofthesewayswillbeusedtorunourcarsinthefuture?9.Whenmightpeoplehavetogobacktousehorsesandcarriages?A.Whentheyarepoor.B.Whentheyrunoutofoil.C.Whentheyneedmoreexercise.D.Whentherearen’tanybigtreesintheworld.10.WhatdidsomepeopleusetomakegasintheSecondWorldWar?A.Water. B.Coal. C.Woodandplants. D.Tides.11.Howmanywaysaresuggestedtomakeelectricityinthepassage?A.2. B.5. C.4. D.3.12.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Thereismorepetroleumthanwecanusenow.B.Treesareneededforsomeotherthingsbesidesmakinggas.C.Wegotelectricityfromoceantidesintheolddays.D.Gaswasn’tusedtoruncarsintheSecondWorldWar.13.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.howtorunourcars B.whattodowhenoilrunsoutC.differenttypesofgas D.thewaystomakeelectricity4AccordingtotheXinhuaNewsAgency,onAugust28,2003.TheTibetAutonomousRegionwhichenjoysover3000hoursofsunlighteveryyearhasbecomethemostimportantplaceinthecountryintermsofsolarenergydevelopmentanduse.Thankstothedevelopmentofsolarenergy,electricityhasbecomeavailableto200,000peopleinTibet.Solarenergyisalsousedforheatingandcooking.UsingsolarenergycansaveTibet135,000tonsofcoaleveryyear.Doyouknowwhatsolarenergyis?Whatissolarcooking?Solarenergyisoftenusedtoheathousesdirectly(thesunentersthroughthewindows,andmakestheroomswarm).Solarenergyisalsooftenusedtoheatwater(asolarcollectorisputindirectsunlight,andheatsthewaterinthewatertank).Solarcookersusenoelectricityorgas,neednofirewood,andproducenoairpollution.Thesimplesttypeofsolarcookerisaboxcooker:aninsultedboxpaintedblackontheinsideandcoveredwithglassorplastic.Sunlightenterstheboxandheatsthefoodinside.Asimplecookercanbemadeoutofcardboard,andcanreachtemperaturesover250F.Ahigher-qualitycookercanreachtemperaturesupto425F.Besidescookingfood,solarcookerscanalsobeusedtopurifydrinkingwater,andheatwaterforlaundry.Solarenergycanmakepeople’slivesmuchbetter.14.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthatTibet_________.A.hasplentyofsunlight. B.has200,000citizens.C.Produces135,000tonsofcoaleveryyear. D.isthefirsttousesolarenergyintheworld.15.Inthepassage,wearetoldthatsolarenergycandoallofthefollowingEXCEPT_________.A.savecoal B.heatthehouseC.produceelectricity D.purifywater16.Ahigh-qualitysolarcooker_________.A.isaboxpaintedblackoutside B.ismadeofplasticorglassC.producesnoairpollution D.reachestemperaturesupto250F.5Themeetingfocusedontheuseandsafetyofhydrogen.Inthemeeting,expertsdiscussedthedirectionofdevelopingthehydrogenindustryinChina,thebasicresearchofhydrogen,thedevelopmentofhydrogenfuelcelltechnology,thenewwaytodevelophydrogenandfuelcellsinShenzhenandsoon.Hydrogenissecondlyenergy.Andit’sproducedbyprimaryenergy(一次能源).Forexample,ifweusesomeenergytoproduceelectricity,thenwecanusetheelectricitytoproducehydrogen.Hydrogenfuelcellshaveafewadvantages.Firstly,theytakeonlyafewminutestorecharge.Secondly,theyaren’taffectedbytemperature.Thirdly,hydrogenisverysafe,saferthangasoline.Atpresent,becauseofclimatechange,theworldisdevelopingthisenergy.Itdoesn’tcontaincarbon.Manycountrieshavemadeaplanforhydrogen.Japan,GermanyandtheUSaretheleadingones.Chinahasuseddifferentpolicies(政策)toencouragethedevelopmentofhydrogensince2021.Itwillbecomeakindofveryimportantenergylikeelectricityinthefuture.YuYiping,chairmanoftheboardofdirectorsatScientificValleyGroup,said,“Inordertopreparethesummit,we’vedonelotsofwork.Wewenttoothercountries,suchasGermany,FranceandtheUS,tolearnexperience.WealsowenttoCalifornia,theUStolearnaboutthehydrogenproduction,storageandtransportation,andtheconstructionofhydrogenrefuelingstations.〞DuZheng,vicedirectoroftheNanshanDistrictScience,TechnologyandInnovationBureau,said,“Wearepushingforwardthedevelopmentofhydrogeninthreeways:theplanningofthehydrogenindustry,thepolicyguidanceandthebuildingofsomebasicfacilities,suchashydrogenrefuelingstations.〞17.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlyshowus?A.Whoattendedthemeeting.B.Howlongthemeetinglasted.C.Thetopicsdiscussedinthemeeting.D.Thedecisionsmadeinthemeeting.18.Whyishydrogensecondaryenergy?A.Becauseitisverysafe.B.Becauseitiscleanenergy.C.Becauseitwasdevelopednotlongago.D.Becauseitcanbemadefromprimaryenergy.19.HowmanyadvantagesofhydrogenfuelcellsarementionedinParagraph3?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.20.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Hydrogenhasbeenwidelyusedinpeople’slifeinChina.B.ThemembersofScientificValleyGrouponcewenttoEnglandforstudy.C.Thedevelopmentofhydrogenwillbepushedinfourways.D.TheChinesegovernmentstronglysupportsthedevelopmentofhydrogen.6Haveyoueverheardof“aballofenergy〞?Peopleoftenuseittodescribeaveryactivechild.ButtodaywetellaboutaninventioncalledthesOccketthatisarealsoccerballofenergy.JuliaSilvermanexplainsthatinfactthesOccketisaportablegenerator(便携式发电机).JuliaSilvermanandJessicaMatthewsdevelopedthesOccketaspartofagroupprojectforanengineeringclassatHarvardUniversity,theUSA.Therearemechanisms(装置)inasOccket.Whenyoukick,hitorthrowit,energyisthenkeptinitbythesemechanismsinsteadofdisappearingintotheenvironment.Thentheusercanputsomethingdirectlyintotheball,likealamp,oramobilephonecharger(充电器)sothattheycangetenergyfromit.Foreveryfifteenminutesofthegameplay,thesOccketcanprovideenoughelectricityforanLEDlampforthreehours.Theballcanstoreupto24hours’electricity.Itwasreportedthatnearlyoneandahalfbillionpeopleintheworldhadnoelectricitytouselastyear.Andmostofthemliveinsub-SaharanAfricaandinIndiaandothercountriesinAsia.JuliaandJessicabothhadexperiencesindevelopingcountriesbeforetheybegantheproject.Theyknewthatpowershortagesareaseriousprobleminmanyareas.Thereisanenergycrisis(危机)intheworld.Andbesidesthat,therearealotofhealthproblemsbecausewhatpeopleuseinsteadoftheelectricityareharmfulchoiceslikekerosene(煤油)lamps.Theyproducealotofsmoke.JuliasaysthesOccketballisonesmallsolutiontoabigproblem.TheyhopetheirsOccketballwillshinemorelightontheproblemofpowershortages.Itofferspeopleachancetoputtheirenergyintotheworld’smostpopularsportandgetsomeenergyinreturn.21.Whatdoes“aballofenergy〞refertointhispassage?A.Averyactivechild. B.Anormalsoccerball. C.Asoccerballgenerator.22.HowcanthesOccketgetenergy?A.Bygettingrecharged. B.Bybeingkicked,hitorthrown. C.Bygettingenergyfromtheenvironment.23.Fromthepassagewecaninferpeoplein_______arelessshortofenergyorelectricity.A.AsiancountrieslikeIndia B.sub-SaharanAfrica C.developedcountries24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTright?A.Theworldhasaseriousproblemofpowershortageatpresent.B.JuliaSilvermanandJessicaMatthewsarefamousAmericaninventors.C.BothJuliaSilvermanandJessicaMatthewshavebeentodevelopingcountries.25.Whatcanweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.ThesOccketnotonlycanproduceelectricitybutalsoisgoodforhealth.B.ThesOcckethasfullyhelpedpeopletosolvetheproblemofpowershortages.C.ThesOccketmakesitpossibleforpeopletogetenergybydoingdifferentsports.二、短文首字母填空根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。ItwasearlymorninginasmallvillageinKenya,Africa.Womenandchildrenwerec26.heavycontainers(容器)ofwaterontheirheads.Theywalkedmanymilestogetthewater.Itwashot,andtheyweret27..Theycouldonlytakeafewcontainersaday.AyoungBritishwomanlearnedabouthowdifficultthiswasforthem.Shewantedtohelp.Whoistheyoungwoman?HernameisEmilyCummins.Howdidshehelp?SheinventedawatercarrierforthepeopleinKenya.EmilyCumminsisanengineer(工程师).Shedesigns(设计)usefulproductsforplaceswithoutmanyn28.resources(资源).Theseplacesoftendon’thavealotofwater.Theyalsodon’thavealotofoil,coalorgas.Cummins’productsdon’tuseoil,coalorgas.Theyuseotherkindsofe29.,suchasthesun.Sopeoplecanc30.tousetheminthefuturewithouthurtingourplanet.HowdidCumminsgetstarted?AsayoungchildinEngland,shelovedtoworkwithhergrandfatherinhisworkshop.Het31.herhowtousehistools.Heshowedherhowtomaketoysandboxesfromsmallp32.ofmetal(金属).Cumminsdesignedherfirstproductwhenshewasinhighschoolandjust15yearsold.Whileshewass33.ahighschoolstudent,Cumminsdesignedanewkindoffridge.Why?Fridgesnormallyusealotofelectricity.Theyaretooe34.formanypeopleindevelopingcountries.Cummins’fridgecostslessmoney.It’smadeofcheap,localmaterials(材料)