2022年天津大学英语考试真题卷20测

2022年天津大学英语考试真题卷

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1.

{{BJ1TEXTA{{/B}}

OnthedayaftertheJapaneseattackonPearIHarbor,Representative

CharlesA.Eaton,RepubIicanofNewJersey,madehiscaseintheHouse

forwhythenationshouIdentertheSecondWorldWar.

"Mr.Speaker,Hhisspeechbegan,"yesterdayagainsttheroarof

JapanesecannoninHawaiiourAmericanpeopIeheardatrumpetcall;a

calItounity;acalItocourage;acalItodeterminationonceandfor

alItowipeoffoftheearththisaccursedmonsteroftyrannyandslavery

whichiscastingitsblackshadowovertheheartsandhomesofeveryIand.”

Lastyear,SenatorSamBrownback,RepubIicanofKansas,madethecase

forwarinIraqthisway:"Andifwedon'tgoatIraq,thatoureffort

inthewaronterrorismdwindlesdownintoaninteIIigenceoperation,M

hesaid."WegoatIraqanditsaystocountriesthatsupportterrorists,

thereremainsixintheworIdthatareasourdefinitionstatesponsors

ofterroristsryousaytothosecountries:weareseriousaboutterrorismr

we5reseriousaboutyounotsupportingterrorismonyourownsoil.

TheIinguistandculturalcriticJohnMcWhortercitestheseexcerpts

inhisnewbook.TheynotonlyaretypicalofspeechesmadeinCongress

onbothoccasions,heargues,butalsoprovideavividiIlustrationof

justhowmuchtheIanguageofpubIicdiscoursehasdeteriorated.

Riddledwithsentencefragments,run-onsandcolloquialismsIike”go

at,11SenatorBrownbackJsspeechisstillintelIigibIe,butinMr.

McWhorterJsview,itisembIematicofacreepingcasualnessthatis

largelytothenation,sdetriment.

"WeinAmericanowareananomaly,"Mr.McWhortersaidoverlunchat

arestaurantinMidtownManhattanthisweek."Wehaveverylittlesense

ofEnglishassomethingtobedressedup.It'sjustthisthingthatcomes

outofourmouths.Wejusttalk."

Mr.McWhorter,38,aprofessorofIinguisticsattheUniversityof

CaIiforniaatBerkeley,ishardIythefirsttocomplainaboutAmericans'

brazendisregardfortheirnativetongue.Butuniikemanyothers,hesays,

theproblemisnotanepidemicofbadgrammar.

AsaIinguist,hesaysrheknowsthatgrammaticalrulesarearbitrary

andthatincasuaIconversationpeopIehaveneverabidedbythem.Rather,

hearguesythefaultIieswiththecollapseofthedistinetionbetween

thewrittenandtheoral.Whereformal,weII-honedEnglishwasoncede

rigueurinpubIicIife,heargues,ithasalIbutdisappeared,supplanted

bytheindifferentcadencesofspeechandu11imateIyimpairingour

abilitytothink.

Thisbleakassessmentnotwithstanding,Mr.McWhorter,anintense,

confidentand-perhapsnotsurprisingly-loquaciousmanisnota

curmudgeonorafuddy-duddy.Nor,forthatmatter,anerd,despitea

resumethatbristleswithinteIIectuaIprecociousness.

SeIf-taughtin12Ianguages-includingRussian,Swedish,SwahiIir

ArabicandHebrew,whichheinitiallytookupasaPhiIadeIphia

preschoolerwhenhewas4-heisarespectedexpertinCreolelanguages.

Acollegegraduateat19andatenuredprofessorat33,hehaspubIished

sevenpreviousbooksyincludingthecontroversiaI,bestseiler,"Losing

theRace:SeIf-SabotageinBlackAmerica11,inwhichheaccused

middle-classblacksofembracinganti-inteIIectuaIismandacultof

victimology.AnAfrican-Americanwhoisanoutspokencriticof

affirmativeaction,welfareandreparations,hehasarousedtheireof

manyIiberalsandearnedareputationasaconservative.

InJohnMcWhorter5sview,thespeechmadebySenatorSamBrownbackin

CongressisanexampIeof_pubIicdiscourse.

A.war-time

B.political

C.critical

D.deteriorated

2.{{B}1TEXTE{(/B}}

TherewouldbemorejoyinIifeifweweretoaccustomourselvesto

usealIthebeautifuIcolorswecaninfashioningourownclothes.The

dressofthefuturewiIIusedraperytoagreatextentandwiIIabound

withjoyouscolor.AtpresentwehavelostalInobiIityofdressand,

indoingso,havealmostannihilatedthemodernsculptor.And,inlooking

aroundatthefigureswhichadornourparks,onecouldalmostwishthat

wehadcompIeteIykilledthenobleart.Toseethefrock-coatofthe

drawing-roomdoneinbronze,orthedoubIewaistcoatperpetuatedin

marble,addsanewhorrortodeath.

Butindeed,inIookingthroughthehistoryofcostume,seekingan

answertothequestionswehavepropounded,wefindthereisIittIethat

iseitherbeautifulorappropriate.OneoftheearIiestformsistheGreek

draperywhichisexquisiteforyounggirls.Andthen,Ithinkwemaybe

pardonedalittleenthusiasmoverthedressofthetimeofCharlesI.y

beautifuIindeed.AndthedressforthechiIdrenofthattimemustnot

bepassedover.ItwasaverygoldenageoftheIittIeones.Idonot

thinkthattheyhaveeverIookedsoIoveIyastheydointhepictures

ofthattime.ThedressoftheIastcenturyinEngIandisalsopecuIiarly

graciousandgraceful,fulTofharmonyandbeauty-Inthesedays,when

wehavesuffereddreadfullyfromtheincursionsofthemodernmiIIiner,

wehearladiesboastthattheydonotwearadressmorethanonce.In

theolddays,whenthedressesweredecoratedwithbeautifuIdesignsand

workedwithexquisiteembroidery,ladiesrathertookaprideinbringing

outthegarmentandwearingitmanytimesandbandingitdowntotheir

daughter-aprocessthatwouIdtIthink,bequiteappreciatedbyamodem

husbandwhencalledupontosettIehiswife5sbills.

AndhowshalImendressMensaythattheydonotparticularlycare

howtheydress,andthatitisIittIematter.Iamboundtoreplythat

Idonotthinkthatyoudo.Ina11myjourneysthroughthecountry,the

onlyweII-dressedmenthatIsaw-Iearnestlydeprecatethepolished

indignationofyourFifthAvenuedandies-weretheWesternminers.Their

wide-brimmedhats,whichshadedtheirfacesfromthesunandprotected

themfromtherain,andthecloak,whichisbyfarthemostbeautiful

pieceofdraperyeverinvented,mayweIIbedweltonwithadmiration.

Theirhighboots,too,weresensibleandpractical.Theyworeonlywhat

wascomfortabIerandthereforebeautifuI.AsIIookedatthemIcould

nothelpthinkingwithregret1ofthetimewhenthesepicturesqueminers

wouldhavemadetheirfortunesandwouldgoEasttoassumeagainalIthe

abominationsofmodernfashionabIeattire.Indeed,soconcernedwasI

thatImadesomeofthempromisethatwhentheyagainappearedinthe

morecrowdedscenesofEasternciviIizationtheywouldstillcontinue

toweartheirIoveIycostume.

Thepassageseemstosuggestthat.

A.itishardertochoosenicedressformenthanforwomen

B.historicalcostumewasneitherbeautifulnorappropriate

C.nobilityofdresswouldhelpimprovethequalityofart

D.thedoublewaistcoatsperpetuatedinmarblearedead

3.{{B}}TEXTD{{/B}}

DonE.CrabtreewasamastercraftsmanandadeanofAmerican

flintknappers.Crabtree'sresearchisimportantbecauseitpioneered

thedeveIopmentofExperimentaIArchaeoIogyandtheappIicationoflithic

technologytoproblemsofculturalbehaviorandculturalhistory.

CrabtreeJsparticipationandinvoIvementinsocietyisapparent.

CrabtreewasanactivepersonwhowasnothappymerelyenrolledinschooI

sohedroppedoutofcoIIegeafterjustoneterm.Evenwithhislackof

formaleducation,CrabtreeactiveIysharedhisknowIedgeofstonetools

withothersattheUniversityofCaliforniainBerkeleyby1930.In1939,

hediscoveredhehadcancerandthiscausedabrieflapseinhis

archaeologicalstudies.Determinationcouldbedeterred,however,

becausehewassoonempIoyedbytheLithicLabattheOhioStateMuseum

intheearly1940's.

CrabtreewassenttoservehiscountryasashipbuiIdingengineer

duringW6rIdWarIIHemethiswifeandmarriedin1943.Afterthewar,

CrabtreeretiredtohishomestateofIdaho.Retirementappearedtoserve

Crabtreewe11asmanyaccompIishmentsofhiswereobtainedduringthis

time.AsaretireeCrabtreestayedactiveashecontinuedflintknapping,

amethodbywhichpeopIeworkstoneintotools,alsocalledflakingor

chipping.FIintknappinginvolvesstrikingorpunchingcarefully

controlledflakesoffofstone.Manyotherextraordinary

jobsandawardswereobtainedthroughoutCrabtree'slaterIifeasweII.

Between1964—1975hewasappointedResearchAssociateinLithic

TechnoIogyatPocateIIoMuseum.In1966,hewasawardedaNationaIScience

FoundationgrantwhichaIIowedhimtorecordonfiImandpubIishhis

experimentresults.

CrabtreewiIIberememberedfor"Crabtree1sLaw”,whichsimpIystates

thatMthegreaterthedegreeoffinalfinishingappIiedtoastone

artifact,whetherbyflaking,grindingand/orpolishing,theharderit

istoconeIudethelithicreductionprocesswhichproducedthestone

artifact.r,Crabtree'sLawservesasatechnologicalrationaleforuse

inmodernscientificstudiesoflithicsourcesincorrelationwith

techniquesfortracingthedistributionofmaterialfromtheirsources

tothefinalIocationofdiscard.WhatCrabtree'sLawarguesisthat

thefinalfinishingstateintheproductionofmanytypesofstone

artifactsactuaIIyerasesvisible,preciousstepsintheIithicreduction

process.Oneneedstogobeyondanddiscoverthetechnologicalprocesses

bywhichthetoolswereproducediftheywanttotrulyanalyzethestone

artifact.

PerhapsthemostimportantprintedcontributionofCrabtree,scareer

wasAnIntroductiontoFlintknapping.Thiswe11iIlustratedglossary

becameastandardreferenceformostIithicstudiesscholarsinAmerica

andoverseas.Crabtree5sresearchandgeneroussharingofknowledgeand

expertisehasadvancedthescienceinvoIvedwithstonetoolanalysis.

CrabtreewasamanwhoalwaysvolunteeredhisweaIthofknowIedgeto

anyonewillingtolearn.

Crabtreewasanarchaeologist,apioneer,andagenerousmanwhose

immenseenergyandcuriositypushedhimtoworIdIeadershipinthestudy

ofstonetoolanalysis.Hewasamodest,humbIemanwhobeIievedhislack

ofaformalcollegeeducationwasareflectionofhisnotreallybeing

ascholar.

Theword"dean"inthebeginningsentenceofthefirstparagraph

means.

A.director

B.pioneer

C.manager

D.principal

4.{{1}}Questions9to10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheend

ofthenewsitem,youwiIIbegiven10secondstoanswereachquestion.

NowIistentothenews.{{/1}}

ThereisanaIIegationthat.

A.KojoAnnanbenefitedillegallyfromoil-for-foodprogram

B.KofiAnnanwasinvolvedinsomeillegalactivitiesinoil-for-food

program

C.U.N.wasnotactiveintheoil-for-foodprogram

D.U・N.didnotmonitoreffectivelywhatwasimportedintoIraqunder

theprogram

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEoftheawardaccordingtoCole

A.Theawardispaiddirecttoacollege.

B.Theawardinvolvestuitionandothercoursefees.

C.Theawardispaiddirecttolocaleducationauthorities.

D.Theawardincludesafeeelementandamaintenanceelement.

6.{{B}}TEXT

ItisoverfivehundredyearssinceColumbus"discovered"America.

Thecelebrationoftheanniversaryhasatleastproducedonebenefit.

IthassoeffectiveIyfocusedontheworldwideproblemoftherightsof

aboriginalpeoples.DevelopmentsinAmericademonstrate:theproblem

moreclearlythananywhereelse.Thiswasawholecontinent,the

popuIationofwhichinColumbus,sdaymayhavenumberedasmanyas100

million.TodayonlyafractionoftheseIndianpeoplessurvive,andany

trulyIndianculturecanonlybefoundisolatedinsmalIpockets.Why

wastheIndianculturelessablethanotherstoresisttheEuropean

pressureAnyprocesseseIsewhereresembIingtheoneinAmericahaveonIy

takenplaceinmoremarginalareasoftheworId.Suchprocessesare

complex,andthisisnottheplaceforamoredetaiIedanalysis.What

isclear,however,isthatatcertaintimesandincertainplacesweare

confrontedbyadifferentforcefrominfectiousdiseasesandmortaIity

orthehaphazardoutcomeofwarsandrapacity,andthatisthesystemic

"ethniccleansing1*oftheaboriginalpopuIation-betterknownas

genocide.Thereisamosturgentneedtodefinetherightsofaboriginal

peopIesandtorespectthoserightsinamannerwhichmakesitpossible

toIiveinpeaceandmutuaIunderstanding.Tosucceedinthis,weneed

peopIeIikeTurn.ForthisCommitteeitwasahappycoincidencethatit

waspreciselyintheyearofCoIumbusthatsheemergedassuchastrong

candidateforthisPrize.

TurnchosetodedicateherselftopoliticaIandsociaIworkforher

peopIe.Shetellsusinherautobiographywhatadifficultchoiceitwas

nottohaveafamiIy.Shewasengaged,shetellsus,andfe11anobIigation

totheancestralprincipleofseekinghappinessnotonlyforoneseIfbut

forone'sfamily.Athreatofethniccleansingofcourselendsextra

weighttosuchanobiigation.Butshechoseotherwise.Shebecamean

activememberoftheCUC.Thensheparticipatedinthefoundingofthe

organisationcalledtheRevolutionaryChristians."Weunderstood"

revolutionary'intherealmeaningoftheword:'transformation’.

IfIhadchosenthearmedstruggle,Iwouldbeinthemountainsnow.n

Owingtoherpoliticalactivity,shehashadtospendtweIveyearsin

exileinMexico.

InherbookAStrategyforPeace,theSwedish-Americanmoral

philosopherSisselaBokdescribeswhatshecallsthe"pathologyof

partisanship'1,orthebrutalizingeffectoftheuseofviolence.Whoever

commitsactsofviolencewi11losehishumanity.Thus,violencebreeds

violenceandhatebreedshate.ShequotestheEnglishpoetStephenSpender,

whoexperiencedthisprocessinhimselfwhenhetookpartintheSpanish

CiviIWar..11ItwascleartomethatunlessIcaredabouteverymurdered

childimpartiallyyIdidnotcareaboutchiIdrenbeingmurderedataII."

Buthowcanonebreakoutoftheviciouscircleofthepathologyof

partisanshipItiseasyenoughtokeepoutandcalIfornon-vioIence

oranendtohatredwhenoneisnotoneselfconfrontedwiththeblind

violenceoftheotherside.NorisitindeedourresponsibiIitytojudge

ortocondemninsuchcases.Whatwecando,however,istopointtothe

shiningindividualexampIesofpeopIewhomanagetopreservetheir

humanityinbrutaIandviolentsurroundings,ofpersonswhoforthatvery

reasoncompelourspeciaIrespectandadmiration.SuchpeopIegiveus

ahopethattherearewaysoutoftheviciouscircle.

Tum,sautobiography1isanextraordinaryhumandocument.11describes

crueltyinsoberandmatter-of-factterms.Itsdrivingforceismoral

indignation.Insomeconnections,shealsomeritionsherhatredofthose

responsiblefortheviolenceandrepression.Butatthesametime,the

accountreflectsadisarminghumanity.AImostgaily,shenotesfunny

IittIeconcretedetaiIsinanotherwiseruthlessexistence;withlove,

shedescribesIndiancustoms.IknownobetterexampIeofherdisarming

attitudethanherdescriptionhereinOslolastyearofhermeetingwith

CoIoneIRoderigues:"Wegreetedeachotherandexchangedafewwords.

Themanwhokilledmymothercongratulatedmeonmynominationforthis

PrizeandcalleditanationaIhonour.Irealisedthenthatatbottom

wearealIhumanbeings.ItwasIikemeetingadistantacquaintance.I

hadafeelingofcalmasIspoketohim.n

ItisstupidtomeettheworIdwithtoomuchtrust,butevenmorestupid

tomeetitwithtoolittle.ThegoalofTurn1swork,asshehassaidon

manyoccasions,isreconciIiationandpeace.Sheknows,betterthanmost,

thatthefoundationsforfuturereconciNationarelaidinthemanner

inwhichoneconductsone'sstruggIe.EveninthemostbrutaIsituations,

onemustretainone'sfaiththatthereisaminimumofhumanfeeIings

inalIofus.Turnpreservedthatfaith,itiswiththedeepestrespect

andinadmirationofhereffortsthattheCommitteeto

A.TurnhasneverhatedColonelRoderigues.

B.Wehavenotwellprotectedtherightsofaboriginalpeoples.

C.Turnwasengagedbutdidnotgetmarried.

D.StephenSpenderunderstoodthebrutalizingeffectofwar.

7.

{{B}}TEXTA{{/B}}

OnthedayaftertheJapaneseattackonPearIHarbor,Representative

CharlesA.Eaton,RepubIicanofNewJersey,madehiscaseintheHouse

forwhythenationshouIdentertheSecondWorIdWar.

H

"Mr.Speaker,hisspeechbeganf"yesterdayagainsttheroarof

JapanesecannoninHawaiiourAmericanpeopIeheardatrumpetcall;a

calItounity;acalItocourage;acalItodeterminationonceandfor

alItowipeoffoftheearththisaccursedmonsteroftyrannyandslavery

whichiscastingitsblackshadowovertheheartsandhomesofeveryIand.”

Lastyear,SenatorSamBrownback,RepubIicanofKansas,madethecase

forwarinIraqthisway:"Andifwedon'tgoatIraq,thatoureffort

inthewaronterrorismdwindlesdownintoaninteIIigenceoperation,11

hesaid."WegoatIraqanditsaystocountriesthatsupportterroristsr

thereremainsixintheworIdthatareasourdefinitionstatesponsors

ofterrorists,yousaytothosecountries:weareseriousaboutterrorism,

we5reseriousaboutyounotsupportingterrorismonyourownsoil.

TheIinguistandculturalcriticJohnMcWhortercitestheseexcerpts

inhisnewbook.TheynotonlyaretypicalofspeechesmadeinCongress

onbothoccasions,heargues,butalsoprovideavividiIlustrationof

justhowmuchtheIanguageofpubIicdiscoursehasdeteriorated.

Riddledwithsentencefragments,run-onsandcolloquialismsIike"go

at,MSenatorBrownback,sspeechisstillintelIigibIe,butinMr.

McWhorterJsview,itisembIematicofacreepingcasualnessthatis

largelytothenation1sdetriment.

“WeinAmericanowareananomaly,MMr.McWhortersaidoverlunchat

arestaurantinMidtownManhattanthisweek."WehaveveryIittIesense

ofEnglishassomethingtobedressedup.It'sjustthisthingthatcomes

outofourmouths.Wejusttalk.,,

Mr.McWhorter,38,aprofessorofIinguisticsattheUniversityof

CaliforniaatBerkeley,ishardlythefirsttocomplainaboutAmericansJ

brazendisregardfortheirnativetongue.Butuniikemanyothers,hesays,

theproblemisnotanepidemicofbadgrammar.

AsaIinguist,hesaysfheknowsthatgrammaticalrulesarearbitrary

andthatincasuaIconversationpeopIehaveneverabidedbythem.Rather,

heargues,thefaultIieswiththecollapseofthedistinetionbetween

thewrittenandtheoral.Whereformal,weII-honedEnglishwasoncede

rigueurinpubIicIife,heargues,ithasalIbutdisappeared,supplanted

bytheindifferentcadencesofspeechandu11imateIyimpairingour

abilitytothink.

Thisbleakassessmentnotwithstanding,Mr.McWhorter,anintense,

confidentand-perhapsnotsurprisingly--loquaciousmanisnota

curmudgeonorafuddy-duddy.Nor,forthatmatter,anerd,despitea

resumethatbristleswithinteIIectuaIprecociousness.

SeIf-taughtin12Ianguages-includingRussian,Swedish,SwahiIir

ArabicandHebrew,whichheinitiallytookupasaPhiIadeIphia

preschoolerwhenhewas4-heisarespectedexpertinCreolelanguages.

AcoIIegegraduateat19andatenuredprofessorat33,hehaspubIished

sevenpreviousbooks,includingthecontroversiaI,bestseIIer,"Losing

theRace:SeIf-SabotageinBlackAmerica”,inwhichheaccused

middle-classblacksofembracinganti-inteIIectuaIismandacultof

victimology.AnAfrican-Americanwhoisanoutspokencriticof

affirmativeaction,welfareandreparations,hehasarousedtheireof

manyIiberalsandearnedareputationasaconservative.

Accordingtothepassage,JohnMcWhorterseemstomainlysuggest

that.

A.formallanguageshouldbeusedinpublicspeeches

B.peopleshouldabidebygrammarruleswhentheytalk

C.Americansshouldthinkasmuchastheycanbeforetheystarttotalk

D.African-Americansshouldnottreatthemselvesasvictimsofacult

8.HowmanyLikudmemberstookpartinthereferendumregardingAriel

Sharon,sunilateraldisengagementplan

A.120,000.

B.80,000.

C.100,000.

D.28,000.

9.{{B}}TEXTCH/B}}

LouisdeBernieres5Core11i'sMandoIinisoneofthemostcharming,

accompIishednoveIsIhaveread.Sotheprospectofreviewinghisnew

bookhadmealIbutsaIivating.HappiIy,thewondrousBirdsWithoutWings

morethanIivesuptoexpectations.

9

LikeCorelIisMandoIinywhichwassetonaGreekislandduringits

ItaiianoccupationinWorldWarII,BirdsWithoutWingsisalsoastory

oftwoMediterraneancultureslivingcheekbyjowl.EskibahceisasmalI

hillsideviIIageonthesouthwesterncoastofTurkey.Atthebeginning

ofthe20thcentury,GreeksandTurks-alongwithasmatteringof

ArmeniansandJews-IiveamicabIyinthetown.Thecommunityisso

intermingledtheGreeksspeakonlyTurkishandthefewTurkswhocanwrite

usetheGreekaIphabet.TheIinebetweenGreekChristianityandTurkish

IslamisequaIIyskewed.Musiimwomenthinknothingofaskingtheir

ChristianfriendstoIightvotivecandlesontheirbehalf,andthe

Christianshavegreatrespectforthelocalimam.

ItisnotunusuaIthatIbrahim,aMusIimboy,isinIovewithPhiIothei,

themostbeautifulGreekgirlintown.Karatavuk,thesonoftheMusiim

potter,andMehmetcik,fromaChristianfamiIy,areinseparabIefriends,

neverpartedforadayuntiItheyareconscriptedintoserviceforthe

FirstWorIdWar.ButanyonefamiIiarwiththehistoryoftheregioncan

foreseethattragedywiIIbefaIIthisidylliccommunity:tragedyinthe

formofhatred,war,expuIsionandgenocide.TheblossomingofTurkish

nationaIismwiIIreignitethetribalismthathasalwaysmarkedthis

regionoftheworId.Eskibahce'swayofIifewiIIbedestroyed,andthis

comingcatacIysmhangsoverthenovelIiketheswordofDamocIes.

ReadersfamiIiarwithdeBernieresJworkknowhehasaveryunusual

wayofunfoldinganarrative.DifferentcharacterstelIpartsofthestory,

andsometimesanomniscientnarratorchimesinwiththirdperson

authority.

InBirdsWithoutWings,forinstance,wegetsomeofthestorywith

hindsight,fromsurvivorswhowerechiIdrenatthetime.Otherevents

aretoldastheyoccur.Throughout,therearesectionsabouttherise

ofMustafaKema11knownasAtaturk,thegreatmiIitaryleaderwho

westernizedTurkey,thatreadaImostIikehistory.Itisthetragic

int