2021年北京市首都师范大学附属丽泽中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及答案

2021年北京市首都师范大学附属丽泽中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFourTrulyUniqueCanadianCampingExperiencesMountRobsonProvincialPark,BritishColumbiaNamedafterthehighestmountainintheCanadianRockies,thisparkgivesyoubreathtakingviewsofmountainlandscapesalongwithlakes,waterfalls,canyons,andcaves.TheBergLakecampgroundislocatedrightIfyou'vegrowntirMakesureyouvisittheBayofFundywheretheworld'shighesttidesmakeforsomegreatsurfing.Youalsocan'tmisstheamazingAcadianforestwaterfall.Ifyou'relookingforevenmoreentertainment,theparkalsohostsmusicandculturalfestivalseachsummerandhasitsowngolfcourse.KluaneNationalParkandReserveYukonFromMaytoSeptember,theKathleenLakecampgroundseesvisitorscomefromfarandwidetocamp,hikeandfish.MountaineeringisespeciallypopularasKluaneishometo17ofCanada's20highestpeaks.Flioverthepark'sglaciersandrafting(漂流)thewindingAlsekRiverwillalsokeepyououtenjoyingthewilderness.Ifyou'relookingforafamily-friendlypark,thisoneiswonderful.Betweenthesevenbeachesandmorethan50kilometersofhikingandcyclingtrails,you'llcertainlybekeptbusy.Literaturelovers,youcanseewhatinspiredL.M.Montgomery'sAnneofGreenGablesatthenearbyGreenGablesHeritagePlaceandevenexploretheoriginal1.Whereistheparkofferingyurtrentalslocated?A.InBritishColumbia.2.WhatcanyoudoinKluaneNationalParkandReserve?A.ClimbthehighestmountaininCanada.B.Experiencethehighesttides.C.RaftthewindingAlsekRiver.D.Attendmusicandculturalfestivals.3.WhichwillyouchooseifyouareafanofAnneofGreenGables?A.MountRobsonProvincialPark.B.FundyNationalPark.C.KluaneNationalParkandReserve.D.PrinceEdwardIslandNationalPark.BEverwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords?Yes,sayresearchersastheyhavefoundthattalenteddogsmayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearingthemonlyfourtimes.Whilepreviousevidenceseemstoshowthatmostdogsdonotlearnwords,unlesseventuallyverywelltrained,afewindividualshaveshownsomeextraordinaryabilities,accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScientific“Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifteddogsmaylearnnovelwords”saidresearcherxuekwClaudiaFugazzafromtheEötvösLorándUniversityinHungary.Forthestudy,theteaminvolvedtwogifteddogs,WhiskyandVickyNina.Theteamexposedthedogstothenewwordsintwodifferentconditions.Intheexclusion-basedtask,presentedwithsevenknowntoysandonenewtoy,thedogswereabletoselectthenewtoywhenpresentedwithanewname.Researcherssaythisprovesthatdogscanchoosebyexclusionwhenfacedwithanewword,theyselectedtheonlytoywhichdidnothaveaknownname.However,thiswasnotthewaytheywouldlearnthenameofthetoy.Infact,whentheywerepresentedwithonemoreequallynewnametotesttheirabilitytorecognizethetoybyitsname,thedogsgottotallyconfusedandfailed.Theothercondition,thesocialone,wherethedogsplayedwiththeirownerswhopronouncedthenameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog,provedtobethesuccessfulwaytolearnthenameofthetoy,evenafterhearingitonly4times.“Therapidlearningthatweobservedseemstoequalchildren’sabilitytolearnmanynewwordsatafastratearoundtheageof18months,”Fugazzasays.“Butwedonotknowwhetherthelearningmechanisms(机制)behindthislearningarethesameforhumansanddogs.”Totestwhethermostdogswouldlearnwordsthisway,20otherdogsweretestedinthesamecondition,butnoneofthemshowedanyevidenceoflearningthetoynames,confirmingthattheabilitytolearnwordsrapidlyintheabsenceofformaltrainingisveryrareandisonlypresentinafewgifteddogs.4.WhatwasthepurposeofthestudypublishedinScientificReports?A.Tobettertraindogs’abilitytolearnnewwords.B.Tofurtherconfirmpreviousevidenceaboutdogs.C.Toproveextraordinarymemoryabilitiesofgifteddogs.D.Toexplorefavorableconditionsforgifteddog5.Howdidthedogsreactwhenexposedtotwonewnamesinthefirstcondition?6.Whatwasfoundaboutdogs’new-wordlearninginthesocialcondition?A.Learningthroughplayingappliedtomostdogs.B.Thesocialconditionhelpeddogslearnnewwords.CDogs’new-wordlearningturnedouttobelesseffective.D.Dogssharedsimilarlearningmechanismswithchildren.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GiftedDogsCanLearnNewWordsRapidly.C.DogsCanAcquireVocabularythroughTonsofTraining.D.GiftedDogsHaveSimilarLearningAbilitiestoHumans.CTheworld'slargesticebergisfloatingtowardSouthGeorgiainthesouthernAtlanticOcean.Scientistsfeartheicebergcouldcrashintotheislandandblockmajorfeedingareasforalargepopulationofpenguinsandseals.Iftheiceberghitstheisland,itcouldpreventthepenguinsandsealsfromreachingfoodsupplies.ThehugeicebergisnamedA68a.ItbrokeawayfromAntarctica'sLarsenCIceShelfin2017.Satelliteimagesshowtheiceberghasremainedinonepiece.Itisestwide.ItistravelingatonekilometerperhourandiThisisthetimeofyearwhensealsandpenguinsspendalotoftimecaringfortheiryoung.Thedistancethatparentshavetotraveltofindfoodiscrucial.Thatmeanstheyhavetogoalotfurtherorgoaroundtheicebergtofindsourcesoffood.Ecologistssayanicebergcrashwouldalsodisturbmaterialssettledontheseabed,possiblypollutingthesurroundingseas.Astheicebergmelts,itwouldalsoreleaselargeamountsoffreshwaterintotheocean.Thiscouldaffectkrill（磷虾）populationsthatareamajorsourceoffoodfortheisland'swilremainforupto10yearsandchangethearea'swholeecosystem.Thesearegloballysignificantpopulationsofthesespecies.Ifthesespeciesfailinthisparticulararea,thenthenumbersgloballyaregoingtogodownquitedramatically.ProfessorGeraintTarling,anecologistattheBritishAntarcticSurvey,said,"ThebreakingoffoficebergsfromAntarcticaisanaturalprocess.Buttheprocessischangingwithclimatechange.Whatwe'reseeingwithmodelsandsomeobservationsnowisthatthisishappeningatanincreamoreofausualthinginthefuture."8.Whyarethescientistsworriedaboutthecomingicebergcrash?A.Itwillbringextremelycoldweather.B.Itwilldestroythefeedingareasoftheanimals.C.ItwillputwildlifeonthD.Itwillpreventanimalsfrommovingtootherplaces.9.Whatisparagraph2mainlyA.Thecharacteristicoftheiceberg.B.Theimportanceoftheiceberg.C.Thetravelingspeedoftheiceberg.D.Theformingprocessoftheiceberg.10.Whatdamagecananicebergcrashbringaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Usingupmuchfreshwater.B.Pollutingthesurroundingfarms.C.Changingtheworld'secosystem.D.Affectingthenumberofcertainspecies.11.HowdoesTarlingthinkofthebreakingoffoficebergsfromAntarctica?A.ItmayslowdowninthC.IthasagreatinfluenceonthecD.IthelpsscientistDThisisScientificAmerica's60-SecondScience.IamChristopherIntagliata.TheApollomissionsbroughtback842poundsofrockandsoilfromthemoon,that'snearly2200differentsamples.Butthemostinterestingone,accordingtoascientistMeenakshiWadhwa,isasamplenamed"Apollo1-0-0-8-5collectedbyNeilArmstrongonApollo11.“Hewasabouttostepbackintothelunarmodule(登月舱)whenheturnedaroundandsawtherewerelittlespacesintherockbox.Heknewthatgeologistsonearthwouldbejustsoexcitedtostudythesematerials,sohejustscoopedupninescoops(勺)ofsoilandputitintothebox."Wadhwaexplained.ItwasoneofthemostwellstudiedsamplesoftheApollomissions.AndageologistnamedJohnWoodnoticedwhiteflecks(微粒)ofrockinthesoil,whichinspiredhimtodigdeeperintothemoon'sancientpast.“Thiswasquitealeapofimagination—heproposedthatthewholeofthemoonhadbeenalmostcoveredwithamagma(岩浆)oceannearly4.5billionyearsago.Thiswasarevolutionaryideaatthetime,becausepeoplehadthoughtthemoonhadformedcold,soitcompletelychangedourideahowthemoonformed.”ButWadhwahasamorepersonalreasontoappreciatethissample.ShemetherhusbandScottParazynskialsobecauseofthisrocksample.Scott,amountaineeratthattime,wantedtoclimbMountEverestwithamoonrockwhileWadhwawasthechairmanoftheNASAcommitteethatgivesaccesstothesamplesforscientificpurposes.NeilArmstrong'slast-minutescoopofmoondustbroughttwopeopletogetherhereonEarthandupturnedThankyouforlisteningforScientificAmerican's60-SecondScience.12.ItcanbelearnedfroA.NeilArmstrongwasexcitedtofindthesoilB.thespaceshipwasabouttolandonthemoonC.Sample"Apollo1-008-5"wascollectedatthelastminuteD.scientistswerenotsatisfiedwiththesamplesbroughtbackbyNeil13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Scottmadeanewproposalaboutthemoon'sorigin.B.TheApollomissionsbroughtback842rocksamples.C."Apollo1-0-0-8-5"broughtnewevidencetothemoon'sformation.D.WadhwaandherhusbandclimbedMountEverestwithamoonrock.A.Ashortinterview.B.Anintroductiontoascientist.C.Aninspiringspeech.D.Abroadcaststoryofaprogram.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AromanticstoryofamoonC.AnunusualtaskforApollomissions.D.Anunexpecteddiscoveryinmoonexploration.阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Meetingnewpeopleandmakingfriendscanbedifficult,butwithaoutsideofyourcomfortzone,youcaneasilymakefriends. 16.Ifyouwanttomakefriends,youfirstneedtoputyourselfouttheresomehowinordertomeetpeople.Ifyoujustsitalone,friendsmightcometoyou,butthat’snotlikely.Forexample,ifyou'restillinschool,sitsomewherewithotherpeople.17,buttrytochooseonewithatleast2otherpeople.Pursuecommoninterests.Ifyou'vediscoveredthatthepersonyou'retalkingtosharesacommoninterestwithyou,askthemmoreaboutitand,ifappropriate,whethertheygettogetherwithotherstopursuethisinterest.Ifso,thisisaperfectopportunitytoaskaboutjoiningthem.18,they'llprobablyinviteyou.Bereliable.Whenyousayyou'lldosomething,doit.19.Ifyoushotreatmentofothers,itwillattractotherswhoappreciatereliabilityandwhowillbereliableinreturn.Keepintouchwithyourfriends.Peopleoftenlosecontactwiththeirfriendsbecausethey'reeithertoobusyorjustdon'tvaluetheirfriendsenough.20,thefriendshipmayendup.Andwhenyoudotrytocontactthemagain,itcanbehardtorestorethefriendship.A.MakeyourselfavailableB.ChooseyourfriendswiselyC.IfyouclearlyexpressinterestE.WhenyouloseyourconnectionwithafriendF.ThisgivesthepersontheopportunitytocontactyouG.Besomeonethatpeopleknowthattheycancounton第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Anthonywasrunningtothefieldtoplaybaseballwithhisfriends,He21乱的)hair.Hisshirtwasnottuckedintohistrousersandtherewasevenaholeinhisschoolbag.AnthonySuddenlysomeoneranpasttheboy,pushinghimjust25theboyandlaughed.Anthonyhimselfstoodbytowatchwitha（n）26offascinationandamusementastheboyputonhisthinthattheheavyschoolbagseemedtothrowhimoff29.Havingtriedseveraltimes,hefinallystoodup.ItwasthenthatAnthony30thattheboywaslimping(跛行).Hewasholdingsomethingblackinhis31.Ithantheother.Anthonywalkedtowardstheboyand32himtoremovehisleftshoe.Anthony33tintotheshoefortheboyandthenwalkedaway.HowhewishAnthonyrantothetoiletandtearswelledupinhiseyes.Helookeddowand35theadditionalsoleglued(粘住)totheshoe36itknewabouthisphysical“Thisisit!Iamnotgoingto38myselfanymore!"declaredAnthony.Hetwentout,readytofacetheworld.Hewas40toaccepthissituation."MyfriendsneedtoknowaboutmysituationandacceptmeforwhoIam.”21.A.noticedB.refused22.A.depressedB.disgustedC.delightedD.devoted23.A.untidyB.unlucky24.A.smoothlyB.differentlyC.roughly25.A.calledonB.too26.A.chance27.A.merelyB.hardly29.A.groundB.balance30.A.decidedB32.A.allowedB.forcedC.gesturedD.ordered33.A.changedB.acceptedC.admittedD.slipped34.A.beliefB.kindness35.A.testedB.threwC.checkedD.c阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；ThewinterholidayIamlookingforwardtoisdrawingnear.Itimetomakegooduse.Withsomanythingstodo,Ihadalreadymadeaplan.Firstofall,Iwillgotovisitmygrandparents.Itwasthemwhobroughtmeup.Nothavingseenthemfornearsixmonths,Imissedthemvemuch.WhenIcomeback,I’lldevotemytimetogooverthenotes,whatisofgreathelptomystudy.Throughamonth’shardwork,andI'msuretomakegreatprogresses.Howsatisfyingtheresultwillbe!第二节书面表达（满分25分）52.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。MichellewaseightyearsoldwhensheheardherMomandDadtalkingaboutherlittlebrother,Jacaninfant(婴儿).Hewasverysickandtheywerecompletelyoutofmoney.OnlyaverycostlyoperationcouldsaveJackthebabynowbuttherewasnoonetowhomtheycouldturnforthemoneyneeded.SheheardDaddysaytohertearfulMom,“Onlyamiraclecansavehimnow.”Atthewords,Michellewenttoherbedroomandtookoutallthecoinsfromherlittlemonecountingthecoinsthreetimes,sheslippedoutthebackdoorandmadeherwayto