突破高考英语语法填空之冠词介词和代词讲义-高考英语二轮复习

突破高考英语语法填空之冠词、介词和代词从最近几年高考题来看，无提示词填空题主要考查四类词，即冠词、介词、代词和连词。本讲主要涉及冠词、介词和代词填空题。【思维导图】——无提示词题宏观解题2大步骤【热点考向一】无提示词之冠词【典例】限时8分钟，体会冠词的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Themeatshouldbefreshwith____________touchofsweetnessandthesurroundingsouphot,clearanddelicious.2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Notthepandas,eventhough____________languageusedforthemedicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes____________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.4.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)____________Brownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutsidethedayoftheaccident,wasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.5.(2022·全国甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheldinBeijing，Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.____________friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehispanionduringthetrip.6.(2022·全国乙卷)May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay...Tocelebrate____________festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.7.(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb,forherpart,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree－quartersof____________time,theyagreed.8.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis____________musttovisit!9.(2021·全国甲卷)Ittookusabout3hourstogoall____________wayaroundtheXi’anCityWall.10.(2021·全国乙卷)Dueto____________growingpopularityofenvironmentally－relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.11.(2023·诸暨高三模拟)Theseareallexamplesofsingle－useplasticproducts,whichis____________hottopicbasedonbothenvironmentalandhealthconcerns.12.(2023·南京高三调研)In1955，Kristiansen’ssonGodtfredlaunchedLEGObricksasasystem,acceptingtheideathatthemoreyouhave,____________morethingsyoucanmake.13.(2023·南京高三学情调研)Theancienttaleofromanceisgiven____________newsettingandstillprovidesattractiveviewingforamodernaudience.14.(2023·浙江省名校协作体高三联考)ToprotecttheAsianelephantaswellasotherwildlife,theprefectureexpandedtheareaofitsnaturereserves,whichhasnearlydoubledfrom24，000hectaresin____________1980sto41，466hectaresnow.15.(2023·辽宁六校高三联考)Onpublicholidays,theparkbees____________seaofbusypeopleaspartiestakeplace.16.(2023·湖南省五市十校高三联考)Drawnbycuriosity,morekidswillbewillingtoobserveandthinkthroughpracticing,whichwilladdtoourrecognitionoftheworldin____________longrun.【图解技巧】【解题规则】1.不定冠词a/an的主要用法(1)在文中第一次提到可数名词单数，且表泛指时，用不定冠词a/an。(2)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”时，用不定冠词a/an。(3)a用于发音以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用于发音以元音音素开头的名词前。注意：并不是指以辅音字母或者元音字母开头的单词。①以辅音字母开头，但是发元音的单词有：honour，hour，honest等；②以元音字母开头，但是发辅音的单词有：university，useful，useless，united，European，one－way等。2.定冠词the的主要用法(1)第二次提到名词时表特指，用定冠词the。(2)当名词前后有定语修饰时，多数情况用定冠词the。注意：表“一个……的……”时，用a/an。如aheavyrain。(3)用在序数词或最高级前或有only，very，same等修饰的名词前用定冠词the。(4)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”，用定冠词the。(5)用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。(6)用于世界上独一无二的事物前。(7)用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。(8)“the＋形容词”表示一类人或事物。3.固定短语中的冠词(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中alltheway一路上，自始至终makethemost/bestof充分利用inthedistance在远处onthewhole大体上atthesametime同时forthetimebeing暂时onthespot/scene当场；在现场onthecontrary相反(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中apackof一群anaverageof平均为apopulationof人口是doagooddeed做好事dosbafavour帮某人一个忙haveahistoryof有……的历史haveabetterunderstandingof对……有更好的理解allofasudden突然【热点考向二】无提示词之介词【典例】限时8分钟，体会介词的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)AndwhodotheyspeakEnglish____________？2.(2023·全国甲卷)Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility____________savingtheirenvironment.3.(2023·全国乙卷)BeijingisacitybridgingtheancientandtheBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong____________royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3，000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout...4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giantpandasalsoserve______________anumbrellaspecies(物种),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.5.(2022·全国甲卷)Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadflew4，700kilometers____________Xi’antoKashgaronSept20,planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.6.(2022·全国乙卷)May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially____________theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.7.(2022·北京卷)Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate____________theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.8.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Apanyrepresentativewrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover____________plastictopapercupsonallofits1，200dailyflights.9.(2021·全国甲卷)Itwasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthecity____________theTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修复).10.(2021·全国乙卷)Duetothegrowingpopularityofenvironmentally－relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes____________tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.11.(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourismhasitsoriginwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept____________thelate1980s.12.(2021·浙江1月卷)Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreased____________2.1inwomenandmen.13.(2023·葫芦岛高三模拟)Theridelastsseveraltravelsfromthesecurityareatotheboardinggate____________aspeedof3.5kilometersperhour.14.(2023·长沙一中高三二调)Itwasremarkablehowamunitylostsomuchandwasstillabletorecover，andthisleftthedeepestimpression_______________thestudents.15.(2023·武汉外国语学校高三调研)Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedinthesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdisease____________theirbodieswiththeirmeals.16.(2023·深圳外国语学校高三一调)Followinghisrecentrisetofame,Rizeahasbeenaskedbymanycities,includingthecapitalofRomaniatotransformtheiroldtreetrunks____________worksofart.【图解技巧】【解题规则】一、根据句意和介词用法确定介词1.表示时间的in，on和at(1)in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等；(2)on表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；(3)at表示某个时间点、时刻等。2.表示交通方式的by和on/in(1)by后可直接跟涉及或不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词；(2)on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。3.表示“用……”的by，in和with(1)by指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”；(2)in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；(3)with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。4.of表示“……的”“of＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词。5.as表示“作为”6.from表示“自，从”7.despite/inspiteof表示“尽管”二、根据固定搭配确定介词1.与动词搭配leave/makeanimpressionon...对……有影响o...把……转变为……remindsbofsth提醒某人某事peteforsthwithsb为某事与某人竞争datebackto/datefrom追溯至prepare...for...让……为……做准备eabout发生accountfor占……比例putsthintopractice实施……bearsthinmind记住……2.与形容词搭配becuriousabout对……感到好奇beassociatedwith与……有关berichin在……方面丰富besimilarto与……相似befamousfor因……而著名3.介词短语byaccident偶然introuble陷入困境，陷入麻烦inhonourof为纪念inturn依次；转而inreturn作为报答atrisk处于危险中onboard在(火车、飞机、船)上onaverage平均inadvance提前onthecontrary相反【热点考向三】无提示词之代词【典例】限时5分钟，体会代词的用法。1.(全国Ⅰ卷)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive____________atry.2.(全国Ⅱ卷)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25，000peoplewereusing____________everyday.3.(浙江6月卷)ManywesternerswhoetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap____________canbetoeatout.4.(2023·南宁第一次适应性测试)ShiYan,chiefoftheLiaoningUniversityofTCM,sayshesupportsinternationalstudentstoparticipateinsuchactivities,whichwillhelp____________bineknowledgetogetherwithculture.5.(2023·广东2月联考)Wemustkeepreminding____________thatitiseasiertogetintosomethingthanitistogetoutofit.6.(2023·广东2月联考)Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilartothe____________describedinthismagazine.7.(2023·长郡中学适应性考试)Atthatmomentayoungladywhonoticedmybookcameuptomeandintroduced____________.8.(2023·汕头一模)When____________estosavingenergy,bigchangesstartwithsmallsteps,liketurningoffthelights.9.(2023·武汉部分学校联考)Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthan____________insomelargerschools.10.(2023·福州质检)EverynewyearintheheartlandofindustrialChinathousandsuponthousandsofmotorcyclistsbravetheweatherandhittheroad,determinedtomake____________home.【图解技巧】【解题规则】1.代词it的用法(1)指代天气、时间、距离等。(2)分析句子结构，发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时，应考虑it。(3)it的常用固定句型：①Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分②It＋be＋形容词＋of/forsbtodosth③Itisnogood/nouse/useless/awasteoftimedoingsth④hate/like/enjoyitwhen...⑤whenitesto...⑥assbputsit⑦makeit2.其他代词的用法无提示词类填空，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填it等人称代词或指示代词。(1)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作主语，可根据代指的情况用he，she或者it。(2)如果空格前文出现了单数名词，并且空处作宾语，可根据代指的情况用him，her或者it。(3)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语，填they。(4)如果空格前文出现了复数名词，并且空处作宾语，填them。【随堂演练】介词、冠词和代词题集中特训Ⅰ.专项演练解题提示：认真分析句子结构，先判断哪一类词，再根据句意确定填哪个词。1.(2023·广州高三一模)ForLucy,nothingbeatstraveling,whichshedescribed____________herfavoritepartofbeingalive.2.(2023·长郡中学一模)Studieshaveshownthatstudentswhousehandwritingtotakenotesinclassrememberinformationbetter—improvingtheirscores____________asmuchas44percent.3.(2023·佛山高三一模)Confucius(孔子)was____________extraordinaryeducatorandphilosopher,andfoundedConfucianism.4.(2023·玉林高三一模)“AccusingtheBritish____________havingnosenseofhumorisliketellingRolls－Roycethatitscarsaredown－market.”5.(2023·辽西地区高三大联考)Weusebicyclestodayforrecreation,fitnessandsoon.____________thebicycle,muchoftheworldmightstopworking!6.(2023·南阳一模)Iwonderhowrelevantchemistryis____________thesestudents,mostofwhomwillbegoingbacktotheirvillageafterYear8anyway.7.(2023·新乡一模)Forfearofbeinglaughedat，hehasdecidedtowithdraw____________thepetition.8.(2023·深圳高三一模)Nowweknowthattheyhave____________samefeaturesthatcanalsobefoundinsharksaroundAustraliaandtheSouthSea.9.(2023·广州高三期中考试)“Itisnotmonfordesignersandengineerstobuild____________newrockettypewithinjustovertwoyears，”saidSongZhengyu,LongMarch－8’schiefdesigner.10.(2023·巴中高三一诊考试)AfterIthankedhismotherformorerice,HuanHuanfinallycalledmeoutside____________aprivatechat.11.(2023·福州期末)WhenIstudiedEnglishliteratureatuniversity，Ithought____________besttobuildmyownlibrary.12.(2023·衡水中学二调)Employing3Dlaserscanningtechnology，theresearchersdigitallyrecordtheshapes，colorsandotherfinedetailsofthegrottoesandlaterreproduce____________byusing3Dprintingtechnology.13.(2023·云南一模)IthaslongbeenadreamfortheLaopeopletoseetheircountrychangefromaland－lockedcountry____________a“land－linkedone”，andtheopeningofthenewrailwayisabigsteptowardturningtheirdreamintoreality.14.(2023·重庆一模)ItbeganonJanuary19andfinished____________theearlymorningofJanuary20.15.(2023·珠海二模)Analysisofelementsintherelicsindicatessourcessimilar____________thoseofotherculturesalongtheYangtzeRiver.16.(2023·沈阳质量监测三)ThehistoryofBeijingglasswaredatesbacktotheearlyMingDynasty.____________issaidthatwhenpeoplesmelted(熔炼)bronze,theydiscoveredthatsomewastematerialscouldformbeautifulcolors.17.(2023·台州市高三调研)Youcouldbuysecondhandclothing,too,as____________usefulwaytoextendthelifespan(寿命)ofitemsalreadycreated.18.(2023·浙江高三第一次适应性考试)Plus,theycancreateandmaintainimportantwildlifehabitatsrichingrassesandpromote____________growthoftrees,wildflowersandothervariousplants.19.(2023·重庆南开中学高三质检)Inthesurveypartofthestudy,participantswhofrequentlylistenedtomusicduringthedayweremorelikelytoreportpersistentnight－timeearworms,whichthenhad____________negativeeffectonsleepqualitythroughthenight.20.(2023·南京高三调研)Alwayskeep____________inmindthatameasureofhopewilltakeyouthroughtheunpleasantsituation.Ⅱ.模拟冲关解题提示：解题时，请尤其关注无提示词题。(2023·合肥高三一模)ItisfamiliartousChinesethattheyearof2023istheYearoftheRabbit,1.____________remindsusofthe“rabbit”onthemoon,China’sYutu－2lunarrover(月球车).TheYutu－2isnamed2.____________thepetrabbitoftheChinesemoongoddessChang’January3,2019,theroverwasbroughttothefarsideofthemoonbyChina’sChang’e－4lunarwasthefirst－eversoftlandingonthe3.____________(previous)unchartedareaofthelunarsurface.TheChang’e－4lunarprobeconsistsofalanderandtheYutu－2itslaunch,arelaysatellite4.____________(send)intospaceinMay2018tofacilitateearth－moonfar,theroverhascollected5.____________(value)dataonsolarwind,soil,gel－likerocksanddeaddataandimagessentbackbytheYutu－2haveenhancedgeographyknowledgeofthelandingsite,6.____________(deepen)understandingoftheformationandevolutionofthemoon.Ofthemanypicturesofthelunarlandscape7.____________(take)bytheYutu－2,onesquareobjectcausedgreatdebateamongpeopleontheroverfinallyapproachedtheobject,itturnedouttobe8.____________rabbit－shapedaninterestingcoincidence!TheYutu－29.____________(travel)morethan1,400metersonthefarsideofthemoontillwillcontinuetouncovermore10.____________(mystery)ofthemoon.(2023·日照统考一模)ArobothasbeentaughttolaughatjokestomakeitmoreareusingAItotrainrobotsaboutappropriatelaughter,and1.____________(distinguish)betweenchucklesandscreams.Theydescribed2.____________(work)witharobotcalledEricainthehopeofmakingaconversationmorenatural.“Wethinkthatoneoftheimportant3.____________(function)ofconversationalAIissympathy，”saidDrKojiInoue,aprofessor.“Aconversationis,ofcourse,multimodal,notjustrespondingwedecidedthatonewayarobotcanempathize(共情youcannotdowithatext－basedchatbot.”Creatinga“___________(share)laughter”model,theresearchersusedAItohelpdetectlaughteranddecidewhethertolaughandwhatkindoflaughterwouldbe6.____________(good).FourshortdialoguesbetweenrealpeopleandErica7.____________(use)totestthesystem,whichperformedwell.However,theexpertssaidthereismoreworktodotocreate___________(true)naturallaughtersituations.DrInouesaid,“Therobotshouldactuallyhave___________distinctcharacter,anditcanshowthischaracterthroughitsconversationalbehaviors,suchaslaughing,eyegaze,gesturesandspeakingmaywelltakemorethan10to20yearsbeforewecanfinallyhaveacasualchat10.____________arobotlikewewouldwithafriend.”参考答案热点考向1热点考向2热点考向3随堂演练Ⅱ.eq\x(A)【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国的“玉兔二号”月球车的探月过程及其产生的深远意义。[考查定语从句。句意：我们中国人都很熟悉2023年是兔年，这让我们想起了月球上的“兔子”——中国的“玉兔二号”月球车。此处是非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整句话的内容，作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。][考查介词。句意：“玉兔二号”以中国月亮女神嫦娥的宠物兔子命名。固定搭配benamedafter“以……名字命名”，after是介词。故填after。][考查词性转换。句意：这是有史以来第一次软着陆月球表面的先前未知的区域。此处修饰形容词uncharted，应用副词，作状语。故填previously。]4.wassent[考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在它发射之前，2018年5月，一颗中继卫星被送入太空，以促进地月通信。根据inMay2018可知，应用一般过去时，send与arelaysatellite是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，谓