英语课堂-关于春节、关于新型肺炎全套

2020英语课堂-关于春节、关于新型肺炎一、新型肺炎1.英文阅读春节期间沸沸扬扬的冠状病毒新型肺炎问题，完全可以作为一份阅读材料：(CNN)AnewChinesecoronavirus,acousinoftheSARSvirus,hasinfectedmorethan200peoplesincetheoutbreak(爆发）beganinWuhan,China,inDecember.ScientistLeoPoon,whofirstdecodedthevirus,thinksitlikelystartedinananimalandspreadtohumans."Whatweknowisitcausespneumonia（肺炎）andthendoesn'trespondtoantibiotic（抗生素）treatment,whichisnotsurprising,butthenintermsofmortality（死亡率）,SARSkills10%oftheindividuals,"Poon,avirologist（病毒学家）attheSchoolofPublicHealthatTheUniversityofHongKong,said.TheWorldHealthOrganizationofferedguidancetocountriesonhowtheycanprepareforit,includinghowtomonitorforthesickandhowtotreatpatients.Hereareseventhingsyoushouldknowaboutacoronavirus.Whatisacoronavirus？Coronavirusesarealargegroupofvirusesthatarecommonamonganimals.Inrarecases,theyarewhatscientistscallzoonotic[ˌzəʊəˈnəʊtɪk]（人畜共患病）,meaningtheycanbetransmittedfromanimalstohumans,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Coronavirussymptoms（症状）Thevirusescanmakepeoplesick,usuallywithamild（轻度）tomoderate（中度）upperrespiratorytractillness（上呼吸道疾病）,similartoacommoncold.Coronavirussymptomsincludearunnynose,cough,sorethroat,possiblyaheadacheandmaybeafever,whichcanlastforacoupleofdays.Forthosewithaweakenedimmunesystem,theelderlyandtheveryyoung,there'sachancetheviruscouldcausealower,andmuchmoreserious,respiratorytractillnesslikeapneumoniaorbronchitis[brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs]（支气管炎）.Thereareahandfulofhumancoronavirusesthatareknowntobedeadly.MiddleEastRespiratorySyndrome（中东呼吸综合征）,alsoknownastheMERSvirus,wasfirstreportedintheMiddleEastin2012andalsocausesrespiratoryproblems,butthosesymptomsaremuchmoresevere.Threetofouroutofevery10patientsinfectedwithMERSdied,accordingtotheCDC.SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome（严重急性呼吸综合征）,alsoknownasSARS,istheothercoronavirusthatcancausemoreseveresymptoms.FirstidentifiedintheGuangdongprovinceinsouthernChina,accordingtotheWHO,itcausesrespiratoryproblemsbutcanalsocausediarrhea[ˌdaɪəˈriə]（腹泻）,fatigue（疲劳）,shortnessofbreath,respiratorydistress（呼吸窘迫）andkidneyfailure（肾衰）.Dependingonthepatient'sage,thedeathratewithSARSrangedfrom0-50%ofthecases,witholderpeoplebeingthemostvulnerable.HowitspreadsVirusescanspreadfromhumancontactwithanimals.ScientiststhinkMERSstartedincamels,accordingtotheWHO.WithSARS,scientistssuspectedcivetcats（狸猫）weretoblame.Whenitcomestohuman-to-humantransmissionoftheviruses,oftenithappenswhensomeonecomesintocontactwiththeinfectedperson'ssecretions[sɪˈkriːʃ(ə)n]（分泌物）.Dependingonhowvirulent[ˈvɪrələnt]（有毒的）thevirusis,acough,sneezeorhandshakecouldcauseexposure.Theviruscanalsobetransmittedbytouchingsomethinganinfectedpersonhastouchedandthentouchingyourmouth,noseoreyes.Caregivers（护理人员）cansometimesbeexposedbyhandlingapatient'swaste,accordingtotheCDC.二、春节词汇当然，也可以让学生们尝试着写一写春节期间的见闻、经历。明老师为大家整理了以下一些常用的春节相关词汇：春节：TheSpringFestival农历：lunarcalendar正月：lunarJanuary;thefirstmonthbylunarcalendar除夕：NewYear'sEve;eveoflunarNewYear初一：thebeginningofNewYear元宵节：TheLanternFestivalCustoms:过年：Guo-nian;havetheSpringFestival对联：poeticcouplet:twosuccessiverhyminglinesinpoetry春联：SpringFestivalcouplets剪纸：paper-cuts年画：NewYearpaintings买年货：specialpurchasesfortheSpringFestival;doSpringFestivalshopping敬酒：proposeatoast灯笼：lantern:aportablelight烟花：fireworks爆竹：firecrackers(Peoplescareoffevilspiritsandghostswiththeloudpop.)红包：redpackets(cashwrappedupinredpaper,symbolizefortuneandwealthinthecomingyear.)舞狮：liondance(Thelionisbelievedtobeabletodispelevilandbringgoodluck.)舞龙：dragondance(toexpectgoodweatherandgoodharvests)戏曲：traditionalopera杂耍：varietyshow;vaudeville灯谜：riddleswrittenonlanterns灯会：exhibitoflanterns守岁：staying-up拜年：payNewYear'scall;giveNewYear'sgreetings;NewYear'svisit禁忌：taboo去晦气：getridoftheill-fortune祭祖宗：offersacrificestoone'sancestors压岁钱：giftmoney;moneygiventochildrenasalunarNewYeargiftCultureNote:Intheolddays,NewYear'smoneywasgivenintheformofonehundredcoppercoinsstrungtogetheronaredstringandsymbolizedthehopethatonewouldlivetobeahundredyearsold.Today,moneyisplacedinsideredenvelopesindenominationsconsideredauspiciousandgiventorepresentluckandwealth辞旧岁：bidfarewelltotheoldyear扫房：springcleaning;generalhouse-cleaningBlessings:金玉满堂：TreasuresFillTheHome生意兴隆：BusinessFlourishes岁岁平安：PeaceAllYearRound恭喜发财：WishingYouProsperity和气生财：HarmonyBringsWealth心想事成：MayAllYourWishesComeTrue吉祥如意：EverythingGoesWell国泰平安：TheCountryFlourishesAndPeopleLiveInPeace招财进宝：MoneyAndTreasuresWillHePlentiful一帆风顺：WishingYouEverySuccess步步高升：PromotingToAHigherPosition出入平安：SafeTripWhereverYouGoFoodnames:年糕：Nian-gao;risecake;NewYearcake团圆饭：familyreuniondinner年夜饭：thedinneronNewYear'sEve饺子：Jiao-zi;Chinesemeatravioli汤圆：Tang-yuan;dumplingsmadeofsweetrice,rolledintoballsandstuffedwitheithersweetorspicyfillings八宝饭：eighttreasuresricepudding糖果盘：candytray什锦糖：assortedcandies-sweeta