【英语】上海市嘉定区2020届高三一模考试试题(解析版)

上海市嘉定区2020届高三一模考试英语试题I.ListeningComprehensionSectionA（10分）Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Terrific.B.Tough.C.Exciting.D.Well-paid.2.A.Haveherparentsliveoncampus.B.Calllocalhotelsagaininafewdays.C.PhonetheCliffsideInnforareservation.D.Askherparentstocomeonanotherweekend.3.A.Putonacoatatonce.B.Exchangethetickets.C.Takecareofhiscold.D.Watchthegameathome.4.A.Shehastopostaletterinstead.B.Shecan’tsendthemessagerightnow.C.She’snotsureifthecomputerisfixed.D.Shehastoturndowntheman’srequest.5.A.Thebookismuchtoolong.B.Hehasn’treadthebookyet.C.Heseldomreadssuchabook.D.Thebookisveryinteresting.6.A.Hehasalreadyseenthefilm.B.Heisunlikelytogotothecinema.C.Hehasjustrecoveredfromtheflu.D.Hedoesn’tthinkhighlyofthefilm.7.A.Thinkaboutgettingajobatanotherplace.B.Findasuitablejobtoworkhappily.C.Signupformorethanonejournalismclass.D.Callthenewsagencyaboutthejob.8.A.Shewishesshehadseentheplay.B.Thescenerycouldhavebeenmorerealistic.C.Themakeupwasn’tasgoodasthescenery.D.Theactorsshouldhavewornancientmakeup.9.A.Shecontactsherparentsoccasionally.B.Shephonesherparentsregularlyatweekends.C.Shevisitsherparentswhenthefaresaredown.D.Sheoftencallsherparentsregardlessoftherate.10.A.TheycannotfinishtheassignmentuntilThursday.B.Theyhaveplentyoftimetoworkontheassignment.C.Theassignmentlookseasybutactuallyquitedifficult.D.Theassignmentisdifficultforthemtocompleteontime.SectionB（15分）Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Howtoshareresponsibilities.B.Howtomotivatethemselves.C.Howtorespondtochallenges.D.Howtocodecomputergames.12.A.Theydon’treceivegrades.B.Theydon’thavetotakeexams.C.Theycandowhatevertheylike.D.TheymuststudymathandEnglish.13.A.Moreschoolsaretryingthecreativeapproachtoteaching.B.MorestudentsarebeingsenttohikeacrosstheAlps.C.Moreteenagersarecomingtostudyattheschool.D.Moreteachersaredesigning“challenge”projects.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Totakephotosforaninvestigation.B.Topursuehishobbyofphotography.C.Torecoverfromanillnessandgainhealth.D.TofurtherhisinterestintheAmericanWest.15.A.WalterSmithbegantostudyBlackfootcultureasapart-timejob.B.TheBlackfootcommunitywasagreatattractiontootherAmericans.C.WalterSmithwasdevotedtoprotectingandspreadingBlackfootculture.D.TheBlackfootofficiallyreceiveditsnameforthecoloroftheirfootwear.16.A.WalterSmith’slife-longdreamtoentertheBlackfootworld.B.WalterSmith’seffortstosaveanendangeredculture.C.WalterSmith’sjourneytoBlackfoot’scommunity.D.ThepreciouspicturesoftheBlackfootIndians.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Talkingaboutthelatestmoviesfreelyonline.B.Watchingmoviesonthebigtheatrescreens.C.Watchingmovieswithherbestfriends.D.Seeingnewmoviesonweekends.18.A.Becausehewantstosavemoneyandsnacksaswell.B.Becausehecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyspoilers(剧透).C.Becausehewantstointeractfreelywhilewatchingmovies.D.Becauseactionmoviesshownatthetheatrehavethesimilarplot.19.A.Theyenjoywatchingsuperheromovies.B.Theylikesharingthelatestmoviesonline.C.Theyappreciateinteractingfreelywithfriends.D.Theyarefondofguessingtheplotofnewmovies.20.A.WatchthenewmoviewiththewomanonDVD.B.Waittobeinformedaboutthecontentsofthemovie.C.WatchthesuperheromoviewhentheDVDcomesout.D.RentthecheapestDVDtowatchwhatevermoviesavailable.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA（10分）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ThisiswheremykidsgrewupForyearsnow,I’vebeenwantingtosellourhome,theplacewheremyhusbandandIraisedourkids.Buttome,thishouseismorethanjustabuilding.Inthefrontroom,there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines.Everygrowthstage___21___(mark)inpencils,witheachchild’snameandthedate.Ofalltheobjectsandallthememories,it’sthisonethinginahomethat’s___22___(hard)toleavebehind.Ourkidsgrowinsomanyways,butthewallisphysicalevidenceoftheirprogress.FriendsIknowhavevisitedtheirprevioushomeonly___23___(discover)theirwallofheightshasbeenfreshlypaintedover.Overtheyears,I’vetalkedabouthowmuchIwouldhateleavingthatwallbehindwhenImoved,___24___thelastmarksweremade10yearsagowhenmykidsstoppedgrowing.Sooneday,whileIwasatwork,mychildrendecidedtodo___25___aboutit.TheyhiredJacquieManning,aprofessionalphotographer___26___workisaboutcapturingthebeautifulthingsinlife.ShecametoourhousewhileIwasatwork,andoverseveralhours,___27___(take)photosofthehundredsofdrawingsandlines,littlegreyfingerprints,andoldmarks.Somehow,shemanagedtophotograph___28___wehadexperiencedinallthoseyears.Afterwards,sheputallthephotostogetherintooneimage,___29___(transform)themintoabeautifulhistoryofmyfamily.Threeweekslater,mychildren’swonderfulgiftmadeitswaytome—___30___life-sizephotoofthepencillinesandfingerprintsthatrepresentsentirelifetimesofloveandgrowth.【答案】21.ismarked22.thehardest23.todiscover24.eventhough/evenif25.something26.whose27.took28.what29.transforming30.a【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了家里有孩子成长的印记，所以舍不得搬家，后来孩子把墙上的痕迹拍照合成了图像留作纪念。【21题详解】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，本句描述的是现在的情况，用一般现在时，主语Everygrowthstage（单三形式）与动词mark之间是被动关系，用ismarked。故填ismarked。【22题详解】考查形容词。根据上文的Ofalltheobjectsandallthememories可知，此处是指所有物品和记忆里面，墙上的铅笔线条是最难割舍的，因此，此处用形容词的最高级。故填thehardest。【23题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认识的朋友拜访过他们以前的家，发现他们的高墙上刚刚粉刷过。分析句式可知，此处要用非谓语动词作结果状语，根据句意和语境可知，发现墙刚刷过是让作者意外的结果，用不定式做结果状语。故填todiscover。【24题详解】考查连词。上一句句意：这么多年来，我一直在说我搬家的时候会多么不愿意离开那堵墙；后一句句意：最后的标记是10年前我的孩子停止成长时留下的。结合前后两句的句意可知，是让步关系，用eventhough/evenif引导。故填eventhough/evenif。【25题详解】考查代词。根据下文作者的孩子请了专业的摄影师去家里拍照可知，此处是指孩子们决定做一些事情。故填something。【26题详解】考查定语从句。这是个定语从句，先行词是aprofessionalphotographer，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，用whose引导。故填whose。【27题详解】考查时态。根据上文的Sooneday,可知，叙述的是过去的事情，用一般过去式。故填took。【28题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：不管怎样，她设法拍下了那些年我们经历的一切。这是个宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，连接词做experience的宾语，结合句意，故填what。【29题详解】考查非谓语动词。设空处做前面句子的状语，所给动词用其非谓语形式，逻辑主语she与transform之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填transforming。【30题详解】考查冠词。根据后面的名词photo是个可数名词单数可知，此处需用冠词a修饰，表示“一个”。故填a。SectionB（10分）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.EmphasizingsocialplayinkindergartenimprovesacademicsEmphasizingsocialplayandstudentshelpingoneanotherinkindergartenimprovesacademicoutcomes,self-controlandattentionregulation,findsnewUBCresearch.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPLoSOne,foundthisapproachtokindergartencurriculumalso_____31_____children’sjoyinlearningandteachers’enjoymentofteaching.“Beforechildrenhavetheabilitytositforlongperiods_____32_____information,theyneedtobeallowedtobe_____33_____andbeencouragedtolearnbydoing,”saidDr.AdeleDiamond,thestudy’sleadauthor.“Indeed,peopleofallageslearnbetterbydoingthanbybeingtold.”Throughacontrolledexperiment,Diamondandhercolleagues_____34_____theeffectivenessofacurriculumcalledToolsoftheMind(Tools).Thecurriculumwasintroducedtowillingkindergartenteachersand351childrenwithdifferentbackgroundsin18publicschools.Toolswasdevelopedin1993bytwoAmericanresearchers.Itsbasic_____35_____isthatsocial-emotionaldevelopmentandimprovingself-controlisasimportantasteachingacademicskillsandcontent.TheTools_____36_____theroleofsocialplayindevelopingskillssuchasself-control,selectiveattentionandplanning.“Skillslikeself-controlandselectiveattentionarenecessaryforlearning.Theyareoftenmorestronglyassociatedwithschoolreadiness(入学准备)thanintelligencequotient(IQ),”saidDiamond.“Thisexperimentisthefirsttoshow_____37_____ofacurriculumemphasizingsocialplay.”Teachersreportedmore_____38_____behaviorandgreatersenseofcommunityinToolsclasses.Lateintheschoolyear,Toolsteachersreportedtheystillfelt_____39_____andexcitedaboutteaching,whileteachersinthecontrolgroupwereexhausted.“Ihaveenjoyedseeingthe_____40_____progressmystudentshavemadeinwritingandreading.”saidaToolsteacherinVancouver.“Ihavealsoenjoyedseeingthestudentsgetsoexcitedaboutcomingtoschoolandlearning.Theylovedalltheactivitiessomuchthatmanystudentsdidn’twanttomissschool,eveniftheyweresick.”【答案】31.G32.H33.F34.J35.B36.A37.I38.D39.E40.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。UBC的新研究发现，在幼儿园强调社交游戏和学生互相帮助可以提高学习成绩、自我控制和注意力调节。文章主要介绍了一门名为“思维工具”(ToolsoftheMind，简称Tools)的课程的有效性。【31题详解】考查动词。根据最后一段的Lateintheschoolyear,Toolsteachersreportedtheystillfelt__________andexcitedaboutteaching,whileteachersinthecontrolgroupwereexhausted.可知，这种幼儿园课程设置的方法也增加了孩子们学习的乐趣和教师教学的乐趣。故选G。【32题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：阿黛尔·戴蒙德博士说:“在孩子们能够长时间坐着获取信息之前，他们需要被允许活跃，并被鼓励在实践中学习。”。本句的谓语为have，设空处需用现在分词做伴随状语，结合句意可知，用absorbing。故选H。【33题详解】考查形容词。句意同上。设空处位于be后，用形容词作表语，结合句意可知，用active。故选F。【34题详解】考查动词。根据下文介绍了实验的结果可知，此处是指通过一项对照实验，戴蒙德和她的同事们分析了一门名为“思维工具”(ToolsoftheMind，简称Tools)的课程的有效性。根据语境可知，要用一般过去式。故选J。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：它的基本原则是，社会情感发展和提高自我控制能力与教授学术技能和内容同样重要。结合上文“Beforechildrenhavetheabilitytositforlongperiods_________information,theyneedtobeallowedtobe__________andbeencouragedtolearnbydoing,”可知，这是它的原则。故选B。【36题详解】考查动词。根据上文可知，工具强调的是社会角色在发展自我控制、选择性注意和计划等技能中的作用。emphasize强调，根据句意可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是TheTools（一门课程名称），因此谓语用单三形式。故选A。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：这个实验首次显示了强调社交游戏的课程的好处。结合下文语境及句意可知，此处是指展示的好处。故选I。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在工具课上，教师报告了更多的帮助行为和更强的社区意识。根据上文提到工具课的好处可知，此处是指帮助性的行为，位于名词前需用现在分词作定语，用helping。故选D。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：工具组的教师报告说，他们仍然对教学感到充满热情和兴奋，而对照组的教师则筋疲力尽。根据空前的felt和空后的andexcited可知，此处用修饰人的形容词，energized充满热情的。故选E。【40题详解】考查形容词。根据下文的“Ihavealsoenjoyedseeingthestudentsgetsoexcitedaboutcomingtoschoolandlearning.可知，学生们取得了很大的进步，enormous形容词，意思是“巨大的”。故选C。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA（15分）Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inproductdesign,imaginingusers’feelingsleadstomoreoriginaloutcomesResearchersfindthatinnewproductdesign,connectingwithusers’heart,ratherthantheirhead,canleadtomoreoriginalandcreativeoutcomes.Developingoriginaland___41___productsiscriticaltoacompany’slong-termsuccess.Thus,understandingwhatinfluencesoriginalitycanhaveimportantandpotentially___42___consequencesforbusinesses.RaviMehta,aprofessorofbusinessadministration,showsthatadoptinga(n)___43___thatimagineshowtheuserwouldfeelwhileusingaproductleadsdesignerstoexperiencegreaterempathy（同感）,which___44___creativityand,inturn,outcomeoriginalityfornewproductdesign.Therearetwowaysthattheproductdesignercan___45___theconsumer’sproductusage.Onefocusesonobjectiveuseoftheproduct—howconsumersmightusetheproduct,thatis,an“objective–imagination”approach.Theotherfocusesonfeelings—howtheproductmakestheconsumerfeel,a“feelings-imagination”approach.Consumersalwayswanttohavenewproductsthatsolveproblemsmoreefficientlyandatalesscost.Soproductdesigners___46___thistrapofbeingveryobjectiveinfocusingontheuseofaproduct.That’simportant,butthe___47___ofusagecanonlyattractconsumersinsomeways.___48___,thefeelings-imaginationapproachleadsdesignerstoexperiencegreaterempathy,whichmakesthemmore___49___totheconsumers’ideas.Thisleadstogreateroutcomeoriginality.Mehtasaid,“whenyouimagineconsumersandfocusontheirfeelings,that’spowerfulandwillleadtosomethingmuchmoreinnovativethanonlyfocusingonaproduct’susage.”Theresearchshowsthatafeelings-basedapproachis___50___tothecommonlyusedobjective-basedapproach,theresearcherswrote.Itnotonlyhelpsproductdesignersbuildabetterproduct,butitalsohelpsthemcreatemoreinnovativeproducts.Theimplicationsofthefindingsextendtoeverydayconsumers,whonowplayaroleinshapingcompanies’design.Mehtasaid,“Marketersareincreasingly___51___consumersfornewproductideas.”___52___,therewasaverysuccessfulcampaignafewyearsagothatfocusedongettingconsumerstocreateanewpotatochipflavor.Theexperimentsdemonstrateda___53___effectofadoptingafeelings-imaginationapproach.Thatsuggeststhatthesedesignersmay___54___imaginingusers’feelings.Inthisway,designerscandevelopproductsthatcould___55___tothemasses.Companiescaneasilyadoptthisprocessandpromotefeelings-imaginationexercisesthroughtheirwebsitesorsocialmedia.41.A.primary B.innovative C.naturalD.domestic42.A.temporary B.slight C.indefiniteD.profitable43.A.policy B.proposal C.approach D.standard44.A.enhances B.exhibits C.illustrates D.explores45.A.recommend B.extend C.exploit D.imagine46.A.fallapart B.figureout C.fallinto D.turninto47.A.originality B.objectivity C.creativityD.flexibility48.A.Inconclusion B.Inaddition C.AsaresultD.Bycontrast49.A.open B.harmful C.resistant D.equal50.A.evident B.superior C.relevant D.alert51.A.joiningin B.applyingto C.turningtoD.takingin52.A.Inreality B.Inotherwords C.What’smoreD.Forexample53.A.dramatic B.positive C.negative D.serious54.A.dependon B.benefitfrom C.contributetoD.involvein55.A.appeal B.refer C.adapt D.commit【答案】41.B42.D43.C44.A45.D46.C47.B48.D49.A50.B51.C52.D53.B54.B55.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，在新产品设计中，与用户的心灵而不是他们的头脑相联系，可以带来更多原创和创造性的结果。文中提到两种方法，一种是“客观-想象”方法，另一种是“感觉-想象”的方法。实验证明了采用感觉-想象方法的效果，设计师可以开发出能够吸引大众的产品。【41题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：开发原创和创新的产品对一个公司的长期成功至关重要。A.primary初级的；B.innovative创新的；C.natural自然的；D.domestic国内的。根据下文的inturn,outcomeoriginalityfornewproductdesign.可知，此处用new的同义词。故选B。【42题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：因此，了解是什么影响了原创性可以对企业产生重要和潜在的盈利结果。A.temporary暂时的；B.slight轻微的；C.indefinite不确定的；D.profitable有益的，有利可图的。根据下文中提到更少的成本，更大的结果可知，此处是指好处。故选D。【43题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：企业管理学教授拉维•梅塔(RaviMehta)表示，采用一种方法，想象用户在使用产品时的感受，会让设计师产生更大的同理心，从而增强创造力，进而为新产品设计带来原创。A.policy政策；B.proposal建议；C.approach方法；D.standard标准。根据下文的Therearetwowaysthattheproductdesignercan可知，此处是采用一种方法。故选C。【44题详解】考查动词辨析。句意同上。A.enhances提高；B.exhibits展览；C.illustrates说明；D.explores探索。根据上一句的usingaproductleadsdesignerstoexperiencegreaterempathy,可知，会增强创造力。故选A。【45题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：产品设计者有两种方法来想象消费者的产品使用情况。A.recommend推荐；B.extend延伸；C.exploit开发；D.imagine想象。根据下文的thatis,an“objective–imagination”approach.可知，此处用imagine。故选D。【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，产品设计师在关注产品的使用时，会陷入一个非常客观的陷阱。A.fallapart崩溃；B.figureout明白；C.fallinto陷入；D.turninto变成。根据下文的thefeelings-imaginationapproachleadsdesignerstoexperiencegreaterempathy,whichmakesthemmore______totheconsumers’ideas.可知，关注产品的使用会让他们陷入陷阱。故选C。【47题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这很重要，但客观的使用只能在某些方面吸引消费者。A.originalityB.objectivityC.creativityD.flexibility根据上文提到的“objective–imagination”approach.及本句句意可知，此处是指客观的使用。故选B。【48题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：感觉-想象的方法使设计师体验到更大的同理心，这使他们对消费者的想法更开放。A.Inconclusion总之；B.Inaddition此外；C.Asaresult结果；D.Bycontrast相比之下。文章提到了两种方法，上文说到了一种，本句是介绍第二种，因此，Bycontrast衔接上下文。故选D。【49题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意同上。A.open开放的；B.harmful有害的；C.resistant抵抗的；D.equal平等的。结合上文对客观想象的评价接butthe______ofusagecanonlyattractconsumersinsomeways可知，此处是指感觉想象更开放。故选A。【50题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：研究表明，基于感觉的方法比基于目标的方法更有效。A.evident明显的；B.superior出众的；C.relevant相关的；D.alert警惕的。根据下文的Itnotonlyhelpsproductdesignersbuildabetterproduct,butitalsohelpsthemcreatemoreinnovativeproducts.可知，感觉的方法比基于目标的方法更有效。故选B。【51题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：梅塔说，营销人员越来越多地向消费者寻求新产品创意。A.joiningin加入；B.applyingto应用；C.turningto转向；D.takingin吸收。根据下文的therewasaverysuccessfulcampaignafewyearsagothatfocusedongettingconsumerstocreateanewpotatochipflavor.可知，现在很多营销人员转向消费者去寻找创意。故选C。【52题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：几年前有一个非常成功的活动，重点是让消费者创造一种新的薯片口味。A.Inreality实际上；B.Inotherwords换句话说；C.What’smore更重要的是；D.Forexample例如。根据上文说营销人员越来越多地向消费者寻求新产品创意可知，此处提到薯片是举的一个例子。故选D。【53题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：实验证明了采用感觉-想象方法的积极效果。A.dramatic戏剧的；B.positive积极的；C.negative消极的；D.serious严重的。结合上文指出感觉想象是很好的方法，根据下文的Inthisway,designerscandevelopproductsthatcould______tothemasses.可知，这种方法是有积极的效果的。故选B。【54题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这表明，这些设计师可以从想象用户的感受中获益。A.dependon依靠；B.benefitfrom从……中受益；C.contributeto有助于；D.involvein涉及。文中指出感觉想象效果很好，根据上文的Theexperimentsdemonstrateda______effectofadoptingafeelings-imaginationapproach.可知，设计师从中受益。故选B。【55题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：通过这种方式，设计师可以开发出能够吸引大众的产品。A.appeal吸引；B.refer涉及；C.adapt适应；D.commit承诺。上文中指出感觉-想象的方法使设计师体验到更大的同理心，这使他们对消费者的想法更开放。由此可知，这种方法更能吸引大众。appealto吸引。故选A。SectionB（22分）Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Whenshewastenyearsold,IsadoraDuncandroppedoutofschooltoteachpeopledance.Ifthatjobwaslefttoanyotherten-year-old,itwouldhaveturnedoutfrustrating,difficult,andalittlediscouraging.ButDuncanwasdifferent.Notonlywasshealreadytalentedenoughtoearnmoneyevenatthatage,butshealsohadararekindofconfidencethathelpedhertreattroublesasfuel—somethingtoelevatethefirethatisalreadyburninginsideofher.It’snosurprise,then,thatwhenshemovedtoNewYorktojoinatheatrecompany,shefoundherselfrestricted.Theexistingdancingstyle,theirwayofoperating—allofthisseemedtohertheworkofamisguidedpast.Duncanwasverydirectaboutwhatshewanted,confidentlytellingpeopleshehadadifferentvisionofdancethatshewasgoingtospreadintheworld.This,naturally,ledtoridiculeandlaughsearlyon,butasshebuiltupherwork,theseinstancesbecamelessfrequent.Today,sheisrememberedas“TheMotherofDance,”withmuchofthemodernartowingitsexpressivestyletoherinfluence.InspiredbytheancientGreeks,shebroughtthestyletolife.Inherautobiography(自传),oneofthethingsDuncanfrequentlyreferstoasthebasisofherexpressivespiritisthefactthatshehadachildhoodwhereshewasn’tconstantlywatched.Theexpectationsofhermother(whoraisedher)wereopen-ended.Itwasthefreedomofthislifestylethatdrovehertoseewhatshecoulddo.Growingup,beforesheleftschool,shewastoldoneoftwothings:thatshewaseithercompletelyuselessorthatshewasagenius.Therewasnothinginbetween.Evenwhenshestartedworking,peopleeitherbowedtoherortheybasicallyignoredher.Buttherewasn’tonemomentDuncandoubtedherowngenius.Thereisanoldquotation“ifyoujudgeafishbyitsabilitytoclimbatree,itwillliveitswholelifebelievingthatitisstupid.”Anditcapturesanimportanttruth.Atschool,IsadoraDuncanwasafailure.Inthedancehall,shegaveformtobrilliance.56.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“treattroublesasfuel”mean?A.Duncanusedtroublestopushherforwardtowardsherdream.B.Duncanwasgoodatburningawayeverydaytroubles.C.TroublesturnedDuncanintoaconfidentgirl.D.TroubleslitthefireofdancinginDuncan.57.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutDuncan?A.HerexperienceinNewYorkwasthefoundationofhercareer.B.Herteachingjobwhenshewaslittledestroyedherconfidence.C.Herdancingstylewasnotverywellreceivedatthebeginning.D.Hermothersethigherexpectationonherthanshecouldbear.58.Whatdoestheauthortrytotellthereadersinthelastparagraph?A.Itisuselessclimbingatreetocatchfish.B.Everybodyisageniusinhisownway.C.Miseriescomefromhumanstupidity.D.Teacherscanimpactstudentsgreatly.59.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.IsadoraDuncan’schildhoodandherachievementstoday.B.Duncan’scareerdevelopmentandotherdancers’opinionsofher.C.IsadoraDuncan’searlyexperiencesandthereasonsforhersuccess.D.Duncan’shighstatusinthedancingworldandheruniqueexpressivestyle.【答案】56.A57.C58.B59.C【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，文章主要介绍了她的早期的经历以及其取得成功的原因。【56题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文说即使在那个年龄，她也有足够的天赋去挣钱，而且她还有一种罕见的自信，尤其是破折号后的somethingtoelevatethefirethatisalreadyburninginsideofher（能让她心中燃烧的火焰更旺）可推测出划线部分的意思应为“用困难推动她向梦想前进”。故选A。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的Duncanwasverydirectaboutwhatshewanted,confidentlytellingpeopleshehadadifferentvisionofdancethatshewasgoingtospreadintheworld.This,naturally,ledtoridiculeandlaughsearlyon,butasshebuiltupherwork,theseinstancesbecamelessfrequent.可知，她自信地告诉人们她对舞蹈有不同的看法，她将在世界上传播。很自然，这在一开始就引起了人们的嘲笑和大笑，但随着她的工作越来越多，这样的事情就不那么频繁了。由此可知，她的舞蹈风格一开始不被人们接受。故选C。【58题详解】推理判断题。最后一段引用古话:“如果你以爬树的能力来判断一条鱼，它终其一生都会认为自己是愚蠢的。”接着又指出在学校里，伊莎多拉·邓肯是个失败者。在舞厅里，她光彩夺目。由此可推断出，作者在最后一段想要告诉我们每个人都是独特的天才。故选B。【59题详解】主旨大意题。伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，文章主要介绍了她的经历以及所取得的成功。故选C。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为①定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用referto，becalled或that’stosay，suchas等。②逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly，thesameas，but，however，while，ontheotherhand,since,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。③语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。④语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。⑤指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。本文中的第1小题是词义猜测题，该小题属于逻辑猜词，该词后的破折号后的句子对划线句子进行了解释说明，根据前后的逻辑关系再结合上下文，可以准确的猜测出该句的意思，再对应四个选项，即可得出答案。(B)Takingyourpulseduringphysicalactivityallowsyoutomeasurehowhardyouareexercising.Youshouldexercisetostaywithinyourtargetheartrange.Increasingyourheartrateisakeypartofexercise,butitisimportantthatyourheartrateisnottoohighortoolow.Ifyouareabeginner,youshouldalsobeabletobreathecomfortablywhileexercising.Thiswillensurethatyouareexercisingatalevelthatissafeandeffectiveforyourbody.Thechartbelowillustratestargetheartraterangesforexercisebasedonthemaximalheartrateforselectedages.Herearethestepsforusingthechart:60.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Exerciseintensitycanbereflectedbyaperson’sheartrate.B.Thefasteryourheartrateis,themoreeffectivetheexerciseis.C.Vigorousexercisewilldefinitelypresentathreattopeople’ssafety.D.Thetargetexerciseheartraterangefora45-year-oldis90–149BPM.61.A34-year-oldmanisrunningandthenumberofpulseshetakesfor15secondsis40.Hisfitnesscoachhadbettertellhim_____________.A.“Youaredoingfine.” B.“Youcanrunfaster.”C.“Youshouldslowdownabit.” D.“Youshoulddrinksomewater.”62.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toadvisepeopletoformahabitoftakingtheirpulseswhileexercising.B.Toinformpeopleofthetargetheartratezoneforthoseaged60andunder.C.Totellpeopletheimportanceofmaintainingmoderateamountofexercise.D.Toshowpeoplehowtomeasureheartratetokeepproperexerciseintensity.【答案】60.A61.C62.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过告诉读者如何给自己把脉以及用两个表格向人们展示如何测量心率以保持适当的运动强度。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的内容Takingyourpulseduringphysicalactivityallowsyoutomeasurehowhardyouareexercising.Youshouldexercisetostaywithinyourtargetheartrange.及表格上的数据可知，一个人的心率可以反映运动强度。故选A。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中给的测量心率的方法可知，此人的每分钟的心率是40*4=160，结合数据表格，年龄34从35岁那一栏可知，大于百分之85，根据图表说明可知，属于剧烈运动，因此他的健康教练应该告诉他放慢一点。故选C。【62题详解】推理判断题。文章通过告诉读者如何给自己把脉以及用两个表格向人们展示如何测量心率以保持适当的运动强度。由此可知，文章的目的是向人们展示如何测量心率以保持适当的运动强度。故选D。(C)AtinycluefoundinancientdepositshasunlockedbigsecretsaboutGreenland’spastandfutureclimate.JustbeyondthenorthwestedgeofthevastGreenlandIceSheet,researchershavediscoveredlakemudthathavesurvivedthelasticeage.Themud,andremainsofcommonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods（间冰期）innorthwestGreenland.Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought.“Asfarasweknow,ithasneverbeenfoundinGreenland.Wethinkthisisthefirsttimeanyonehasreporteditinancientdepositsormodernlakesthere,”Axfordsaid.“Wewerereallysurprisedtoseehowfarnorthitmigrated(迁徙).”ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland’ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.ThosemodelscouldthenimprovepredictionsofhowGreenland’sicesheetmightrespondtoman-madeglobalwarming.Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel.“NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,”saidYarrowAxford,anassociateprofessorintheteam.“OneofthebiguncertaintiesinclimatescienceishowfasttheEarthchangeswhenitgetswarmer.GeologygivesusanopportunitytoseewhathappenedwhentheEarthwaswarmerthantoday,”saidAxford.Peoplemightbesurprisedtoseehowtoday’sGreenlandl